基于MLP-PSO算法的锆合金支撑架成形质量优化

为了提高锆合金支撑架的冲压成形质量，基于Dynaform软件和正交试验设计方法，将最大减薄率作为评价指标，研究了折弯半径、板料厚度、摩擦因数、凸凹模间隙、压边力和冲压速度等参数对支撑架成形质量的影响规律。通过数值模拟获得了样本数据，利用多层感知机神经网络训练出预测支撑架减薄率的模型，对各因素的相关性进行分析，并通过粒子群优化算法得到了最优参数方案。结果表明：多层感知机神经网络模型能够有效预测支撑架的减薄率。在影响支撑架冲压的各参数中，折弯半径和摩擦因数的影响较大，凸凹模间隙和冲压速度的影响较小。采用粒子群算法优化后的参数方案进行冲压成形，最大减薄率降低24.2%,可有效降低支撑架的破裂率，提高支撑架的冲压成形质量。     

基于Dynaform及响应面法的6016铝合金散热壳体冲压成形及优化北大核心CSCD

以6016铝合金散热壳体为研究对象,通过分析零件的成形工艺,确定采用Dynaform软件对零件的拉深成形工艺进行有限元模拟,以零件的最大减薄率为评价其成形质量的指标。基于正交试验设计,研究了压边力、摩擦因数、冲压速度以及模具间隙对零件成形质量的影响规律。基于灰色系统(GS)理论分析出与零件最大减薄率关联度较高的工艺参数,并通过响应面法(RAM)进行中心复合设计(CCD),得到最优的工艺参数组合为:压边力为20.1 kN、摩擦因数为0.16、冲压速度为1500 mm·s^(-1)、模具间隙为1.05 mm,零件最大减薄率为23.029%。将采用该方案制得的实体零件与数值模拟结果进行对比和分析,结果表明数值模拟分析结果具有可靠性,可为散热装置零件的成形提供一定指导。     

航空变曲率内蒙皮零件精确成形参数优化北大核心CSCD

为推动复杂曲面航空钣金构件的快速制造,以航空变曲率内蒙皮零件为研究对象,基于冲压拉深技术,通过设计合理的工艺模型并结合有限元分析手段来实现零件的精确成形。以零件减薄率为目标响应值,以压边力、凹模与板料间的摩擦因数、压边圈与板料间的摩擦因数为优化变量,设计3因素5水平正交试验,建立了BP神经网络代理模型,并通过粒子群优化算法(PSO)求解得到最佳的工艺参数组合:压边力为607 kN、凹模与板料间的摩擦因数为0.20、压边圈与板料间的摩擦因数为0.13。采用优化后的工艺参数进行成形仿真,零件的减薄率与成形质量均有所改善,仿真模型的预测值与实际值的平均绝对百分比误差MAPE为2.49%,满足优化精度要求。同时,采用优化后的参数进行工艺试验,一次即成形出合格零件,其实际减薄率与仿真模型预测值的相对误差不大于4.8%,验证了仿真模型的准确性,也证明了优化方法的有效性。     

基于响应面法和NSGA-Ⅱ的接线盒仿真优化

在接线盒的成形过程中，为了解不同因素对接线盒成形质量的影响，获得最佳的成形参数，通过Dynaform建立有限元模型，结合Design-Expert软件设计响应面试验，通过试验获得最大减薄率和最大增厚率的多项式回归响应模型，进一步得出虚拟压边力、模具间隙和摩擦因数对工件最大减薄率和最大增厚率的影响程度，利用带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)对最大减薄率和最大增厚率进行优化求解，得到最优工艺参数为：压边力为21400 N,模具间隙为1.25 mm,摩擦因数为0.08。最后在Dynaform中进行仿真试验，并结合实际生产进行验证。研究结果为接线盒的实际生产提供了理论基础。     

基于Dynaform及响应面法的封头零件冲压成形及优化

以压力容器上封头零件为例,通过对零件成形工艺进行分析,以板料最大减薄率为优化目标,基于正交试验,结合灰色关联理论分析和响应面中心复合设计方法,利用Dynaform软件研究了压边力X1、摩擦因数X2、冲压速度X3以及模具间隙X4对封头零件成形质量的影响,得到最优工艺参数为压边力154.8 kN,摩擦因素0.15,模具间隙...     

基于灰色关联度分析与响应曲面法的汽车驾驶室底板拉深成形优化

为解决某轻型卡车驾驶室底板在拉深成形过程中出现开裂的问题,以Dynaform软件为平台,利用灰色理论和响应面法,对拉深成形过程中的参数进行优化,首先将灰色理论和正交试验相结合,获得在不同参数组合下板料成形的最大减薄率,然后对试验数据进行灰色关联度分析,获取对最大减薄率产生影响的2个主要参数:压边力和模具零件间隙,最后将模具零件间隙和拉深筋的高度作为输入,最大减薄率作为输出,进行响应面法寻优得到最优解。通过对比优化前后的成形效果和试验结果可知,优化后的工艺参数改善了轻型卡车底板拉深成形质量。     

汽车油底壳一次拉深成形减薄率控制研究

运用Dynaform数值模拟软件,对汽车油底壳拉深成形过程中的拉深筋、压边力、毛坯形状、摩擦因数等多种工艺约束参数进行综合数值模拟,获得油底壳制件塑性成形的优化工艺方案。汽车油底壳最终拉深成形方案为不设置拉深筋,压边力取600 k N,摩擦因数取0.1,毛坯形状为圆弧化八角形,制件一次拉深成形后减薄、起皱、破裂等缺陷明显减少,生产的制件成形质量良好。     

基于灰色系统理论的隔热件成形优化

通过对压边力、摩擦系数、锁模力和拉延筋高度等影响零件成形质量的参数进行正交试验,设计多组试验方案,获得成形零件的最大减薄率和成形力;基于灰色系统理论,计算目标函数的关联系数和关联度,将多目标函数通过关联度值转换为单目标函数的问题。通过灰色系统理论对成形工艺参数进行优化,获得了优化工艺参数组合。以压边力为210 k N、摩擦系数为0.08、锁模力为340 k N以及拉延筋高度为3 mm,在JH21-315B压力机上进行试验,结果显示,最大减薄率得到控制,隔热件成形质量得到提高,与此同时,验证了上述成形工艺参数组合和灰色系统理论优化的可行性。     

基于Dynaform的弯曲回弹影响因素的研究

应用Dynaform软件对V形件弯曲成形过程进行数值模拟,建立了具有实用价值的有限元模型。通过单因素实验分析板料材质、摩擦因数、厚度和压边力等因素对弯曲回弹的影响规律,为弯曲成形模具的参数优化提供了定性判断的依据。     

压边力方式对高强度板应变路径影响规律研究

本文以盒形件为例,利用板料成形分析软件Dynaform为平台,建立DP590高强度板拉深成形模型,研究压边力方式对拉深成形应变路径的影响,结果表明:相对于恒定式压边力和变压边力方式,分块式压边力材料的减薄率更低,应变路径处于负应变区,危险点较低。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.