求解多目标点路径规划问题的离散头脑风暴算法

为保证移动机器人以最短路径遍历多目标点,该文提出一种基于离散头脑风暴的多目标点路径规划算法。首先,考虑障碍物对路径规划的影响,将目标点间的最短避障距离作为评判依据,提高规划路径合理性。其次,针对传统离散头脑风暴算法在解决组合类优化问题时提前陷入局部最优的问题,提出一种启发式自适应路径优化策略,通过设计与迭代次数相关的适应度选择函数以及改进启发式交叉算子,增加路径多样性和提高算法收敛速度。基于栅格法建立地图模型,在不同环境地图中选取多个目标进行对比仿真,验证所提算法的有效性以及对不同环境的适应性。     

Dynamic Task Assignment and Path Planning for Multi-AUV System in Variable Ocean Current Environment

An integrated multiple autonomous underwater vehicle (multi-AUV) dynamic task assignment and path planning algorithm is proposed by combing the improved self-organizing map (SOM) neural network and a novel velocity synthesis approach. Each target is to be visited by one and only one AUV, and a shortest path between a starting point and the destination is found in the presence of the variable current environment and dynamic targets. Firstly, the SOM neuron network is developed to assign a team of AUVs to achieve multiple target locations in dynamic ocean environment. The working process involves special definition of the rule to select the winner, the computation of the neighborhood function, and the method to update weights. Then, the velocity synthesis approach is applied to plan a shortest path for each AUV to visit the corresponding target in dynamic environment subject to the ocean current being variable and targets being movable. Lastly, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, simulation results are given in this paper.     

基于三次B样条曲线的叉车型AGV路径规划研究

针对工厂环境下叉车型AGV在沿给定参考路径运行时,因避障等问题产生的大幅度偏离参考路径的现象,将三次B样条曲线用于路径规划。规划路径在满足AGV运动学约束、最大曲率约束、起点和终点位姿等约束的条件下,使AGV以最短距离回到原参考路径。算法将路径规划问题转化为参数优化问题,将规划路径距离作为目标函数优化求解参数。算法最后使用Matlab针对直线和圆弧参考路径进行了仿真验证,结果表明本文算法能够在大偏差情况下,规划出一条最短路径,使AGV回到参考路径。     

机器人全局路径规划的混合蚁群系统算法

针对蚁群算法易陷入局部最优的缺点以及收敛速度与局部最优的矛盾,提出一种求解移动机器人全局路径规划的改进混合蚁群系统算法。该算法由两部分组成：Dijkstra算法用于规划出一条次优路径;进一步用改进的蚁群系统算法优化次优路径以获得最优路径。在改进的蚁群系统算法中,首先定义了一种新的启发信息函数来增加种群多样性;然后给出改进的交叉算子避免算法陷入局部最优,并进一步提高解的质量。仿真结果表明：所提出的算法与参考文献中的算法相比搜索效率更高,解的质量更好,性能更优。即使在障碍物复杂的环境中,对于多目标点问题,该算法仍能规划出较好的目标遍历路径,且用时时间较少。     

Velocity planning for a mobile robot to track a moving target — a potential field approach

Potential field method has been widely used for mobile robot path planning, but mostly in a static environment where the target and the obstacles are stationary. The path planning result is normally the direction of the robot motion. In this paper, the potential field method is applied for both path and speed planning, or the velocity planning, for a mobile robot in a dynamic environment where the target and the obstacles are moving. The robot’s planned velocity is determined by relative velocities as well as relative positions among robot, obstacles and targets. The implementation factors such as maximum linear and angular speed of the robot are also considered. The proposed approach guarantees that the robot tracks the moving target while avoiding moving obstacles. Simulation studies are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

多个水下机器人动态任务分配和路径规划的信度自组织算法

针对多个水下机器人(autonomous underwater vehicles,AUVs)动态任务分配和路径规划速度跳变问题,引入栅格信度函数概念,给出一种改进的栅格信度自组织(belief function self-organizing map,BFSOM)算法.目的是控制一组AUV有效地到达所有指定的目标位置,同时保证AUV能够自动的避开障碍物.首先,自组织神经网络(self-organizing map,SOM)算法对多AUV系统进行任务分配,使得每个目标位置都有一个AUV去访问.整个分配过程包括定义SOM神经网络的初始权值、获胜者选择、邻域函数的计算3个步骤;其次,根据栅格信度函数和环境信息更新SOM获胜神经元的权值,使得每个AUV在访问对应目标的过程中能够自动避障并且克服速度跳变,实现AUV自动有效路径规划.最后,通过仿真实验证明了本文提及算法的有效性.     

Path planning with obstacle avoidance based on visibility binary tree algorithm

In this paper, a novel method for robot navigation in dynamic environments, referred to as visibility binary tree algorithm, is introduced. To plan the path of the robot, the algorithm relies on the construction of the set of all complete paths between robot and target taking into account inner and outer visible tangents between robot and circular obstacles. The paths are then used to create a visibility binary tree on top of which an algorithm for shortest path is run. The proposed algorithm is implemented on two simulation scenarios, one of them involving global knowledge of the environment, and the other based on local knowledge of the environment. The performance are compared with three different algorithms for path planning.     

Real-time autonomous navigation of an electric wheelchair in large-scale urban area with 3D map*

This paper presents the real-time autonomous navigation of an electric wheelchair in a large-scale urban area. Accurate self-pose localization and well-chosen motion control are crucial for application to urban areas, as electric wheelchairs move on paved roads in dynamic environments and travel along sidewalks at a brisk speed. Our system is equipped with a localization module based on a 3D map and a path planning module based on a navigation map. However, the large-scale 3D map causes a high memory load, and the embedded PC can not deal with the map data. In addition, the large-scale navigation map increases the computational cost of path planning, which causes delays in navigation. To achieve real-time navigation independent of map size, we propose a 6-DoF pose localization switching reference 3D map and a two-step path planning framework. We ran tests by using an electric wheelchair on a real street in Tokyo and found that the proposed navigation system achieved autonomous navigation for over 8.8?km in about 133 minutes. The experimental results showed that the memory load was kept constant and the path planning was performed at high frequency, regardless of the size of the map or the distance to the destination.     

Hybrid shortest path algorithm for vehicle navigation

Vehicle navigation is one of the important applications of the single-source single-target shortest path algorithm. This application frequently involves large scale networks with limited computing power and memory space. In this study, several heuristic concepts, including hierarchical, bidirectional, and A^*, are combined and used to develop hybrid algorithms that reduce searching space, improve searching speed, and provide the shortest path that closely resembles the behavior of most road users. The proposed algorithms are demonstrated on a real network consisting 374,520 nodes and 502,485 links. The network is preprocessed and separated into two connected subnetworks. The upper layer of network is constructed with high mobility links, while the lower layer comprises high accessibility links. The proposed hybrid algorithms are implemented on both PC and hand-held platforms. Experiments show a significant acceleration compared to the Dijkstra and A^* algorithm. Memory consumption of the hybrid algorithm is also considerably less than traditional algorithms. Results of this study showed the hybrid algorithms have an advantage over the traditional algorithm for vehicle navigation systems.     

粒子群优化的移动机器人路径规划算法

针对移动机器人在复杂环境下采用传统方法路径规划收敛速度慢和局部最优问题,提出了斥力场下粒子群优化（PSO）的移动机器人路径规划算法。首先采用栅格法对机器人的移动路径进行初步规划,并将栅格法得到的初步路径作为粒子的初始种群,根据障碍物的不同形状和尺寸以及障碍物所占的地图总面积确定栅格粒度的大小,进而对规划路径进行数学建模;然后根据粒子之间的相互协作实现对粒子位置和速度的不断更新;最后采用障碍物斥力势场构造高安全性适应度函数,从而得到一条机器人从初始位置到目标的最优路径。利用Matlab平台对所提算法进行仿真,结果表明,该算法可以实现复杂环境下路径寻优和安全避障;同时还通过对比实验验证了算法收敛速度快,能解决局部最优问题。     

基于转角约束的改进蚁群优化算法路径规划

针对传统蚁群优化（ACO）算法搜索路径时易陷入局部最优、路径过长、转弯角度过大等问题,提出一种基于转弯角度约束的改进ACO算法。首先,增加起始点与目标点之间区域的初始信息素浓度,以避免初期盲目搜索;然后,在启发函数中加入A^*算法的估价函数和转弯角度因子,以便在下一步选择路径长度和转角次数综合最优的节点;最后,在信息素更新部分引入狼群算法的分配原则,来加强优质种群的影响力,同时借鉴最大最小蚁群（MMAS）算法进行信息素浓度的限制,从而避免算法陷入局部最优。Matlab仿真结果表明,改进算法与传统ACO算法相比,规划出的路径长度缩短了13.7%,转弯次数减小了64.3%,累计转弯角度减少了76.7%。实验结果表明,所提改进算法能有效解决全局路径规划问题,避免了移动机器人过多的能耗损失。     

基于MapX的电子地图路径规划软件设计

文章设计了基于MapX的可视化电子地图路径规划软件,实现了地图操作中的放大、缩小、漫游、测距、图层控制等功能。该软件可作为交通道路电子导航使用,根据Dijkstra算法完成任意起始点和目的地之间的最短路径计算,提供求懈最短路径功能,根据蚁群算法求解真实路网的路径规划问题,可以在指定的节点范围内寻找一条最优路径,实现路径规划功能。该软件操作简单方便,用户很容易就可以掌握该软件的使用,实现旅游信息的快速查询,给用户带来了方便快捷的信息服务。     

Autonomous mobile robot global path planning: a prior information-based particle swarm optimization approach

The path planning of autonomous mobile robots (PPoAMR) is a very complex multi-constraint problem. The main goal is to find the shortest collision-free path from the starting point to the target point. By the fact that the PPoAMR problem has the prior knowledge that the straight path between the starting point and the target point is the optimum solution when obstacles are not considered. This paper proposes a new path planning algorithm based on the prior knowledge of PPoAMR, which includes the fitness value calculation method and the prior knowledge particle swarm optimization (PKPSO) algorithm. The new fitness calculation method can preserve the information carried by each individual as much as possible by adding an adaptive coefficient. The PKPSO algorithm modifies the particle velocity update method by adding a prior particle calculated from the prior knowledge of PPoAMR and also implemented an elite retention strategy, which improves the local optima evasion capability. In addition, the quintic polynomial trajectory optimization approach is devised to generate a smooth path. Finally, some experimental comparisons with those state-of-the-arts are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed path planning algorithm.     

基于组件的电子地图显示软件设计

设计了基于组件的电子地图显示软件,实现了电子地图基本操作功能及路径规划功能。可以在软件中实现地图放大、缩小、漫游、测距、图层控制、鹰眼视图、全图显示、坐标显示等功能,作为电子导航显示软件,利用DOkstra算法可以在地图中求解任意两点之间最短距离,利用蚁群算法对道路进行了路径规划,在有结点约束的条件下求解一条较优路径。因蚁群算法求解路径规划问题存在求解速度慢问题,利用Cilk＋＋并行模型对蚁群算法进行了并行化。     

基于并行-交替式双向JPS算法的机器人路径规划

针对跳点搜索（Jump Point Search,JPS）算法在障碍物位置随机的栅格地图中路径规划时间较长的问题,提出了并行-交替式双向跳点搜索（Parallel Alternate Bidirectional Jump Point Search,PA-BJPS）算法。首先,在起始点与目标点间确定一个中心热点区域;其次,采用改进了预计代价函数的并行式双向跳点搜索算法,分别规划从起始点抵达中心热点区域以及目标点抵达中心热点区域的路径;然后,采用交替式双向跳点搜索算法,规划中心热点区域内部的路径;最后,提出迭代式路径修正方法来改良危险路径,并采用3次B-样条曲线替代拐角来平滑路径。仿真结果表明,并行-交替式双向跳点搜索算法有效地缩短了路径规划时间,同时提高了路径的安全性和平滑性。     

多约束条件下无人机航迹规划

针对多约束条件下的无人机航迹快速规划问题,建立了导航精度约束下无人机航迹规划模型,并设计了“基于Dijkstra算法的航迹规划法”求解模型。通过校正策略优选、校正方案优选和O-D邻接矩阵处理方式,简化搜索路径,降低计算量,提高执行效率,从而实现对传统Dijkstra算法的改进。在满足导航精度约束条件的前提下,以航迹长度最短和经过校正点数量最少为研究目标进行仿真实验,并将所得结果与传统Dijkstra算法和遗传算法所得结果分别进行对比,发现此算法在精度与复杂度方面均优于传统算法和遗传算法。此结果表明,导航精度约束下无人机航迹规划模型和“基于Dijkstra算法的航迹规划法”在解决多约束下无人机航迹规划问题方面具有一定的正确性、有效性和先进性。     

基于深度Q网络和人工势场的移动机器人路径规划研究

随着移动机器人在各个领域的研究与发展,人们对移动机器人路径规划的能力提出了更高的要求;为了解决传统的深度Q网络算法在未知环境下,应用于自主移动机器人路径规划时存在的收敛速度慢、训练前期产生较大迭代空间、迭代的次数多等问题,在传统DQN算法初始化Q值时,加入人工势场法的引力势场来协助初始化环境先验信息,进而可以引导移动机器人向目标点运动,来减少算法在最初几轮探索中形成的大批无效迭代,进而减少迭代次数,加快收敛速度;在栅格地图环境中应用pytorch框架验证加入初始引力势场的改进DQN算法路径规划效果;仿真实验结果表明,改进算法能在产生较小的迭代空间且较少的迭代次数后,快速有效地规划出一条从起点到目标点的最优路径。     

Hybrid approach to implement multi-robotic navigation system using neural network,fuzzy logic,and bio-inspired optimization methodologies

Mobile robots have been increasingly popular in a variety of industries in recent years due to their ability to move in variable situations and perform routine jobs effectively. Path planning, without a dispute, performs a crucial part in multi-robot navigation, making it one of the very foremost investigated issues in robotics. In recent times, meta-heuristic strategies have been intensively investigated to tackle path planning issues in the similar way that optimizing issues were handled, or to design the optimal path for such multi-robotics to travel from the initial point to such goal. The fundamental purpose of portable multi-robot guidance is to navigate a mobile robot across a crowded area from initial point to target position while maintaining a safe route and creating optimum length for the path. Various strategies for robot navigational path planning were investigated by scientists in this field. This work seeks to discuss bio-inspired methods that are exploited to optimize hybrid neuro-fuzzy analysis which is the combination of neural network and fuzzy logic is optimized using the particle swarm optimization technique in real-time scenarios. Several optimization approaches of bio-inspired techniques are explained briefly. Its simulation findings, which are displayed for two simulated scenarios reveal that hybridization increases multi-robot navigation accuracy in terms of navigation duration and length of the path.     

改进的蚁群算法在机器人路径规划上的应用

为了克服传统蚁群算法易陷入局部最优且收敛速度慢的影响,采用栅格地图建立机器人实验环境仿真模型。针对蚁群算法进行改进并将其应用到机器人路径规划上。考虑到从路径规划起点到目标点的方向性、前期存在的易陷入局部最优解以及蚂蚁收敛速度的问题,提出了添加双向搜索方向机制和比例系数引导因子的启发函数,避免了算法在搜索过程中选择与终点方向相背的区域行走或者走回路的弊端。根据不同路段被选择次数不同,设置不同信息素权重,强化了不同路段的重要性,加快算法收敛速度。在matlab软件平台上进行算法仿真,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

导航系统中多目标路径平滑化规划的研究

路径规划是车辆、机器人出行、无人机航路推荐和计算机游戏等许多应用中的关键任务。现有的大多路径规划常简化为单目标优化问题进行求解。但在现实生活中,还需要同时考虑多种规划目标,且用于规划路径的目标之间还存在着彼此不能变换的问题。在熟知的路径规划算法（D*Lite）上提出了一种新的多目标路径平滑化规划算法-平滑多目标D*Lite算法。通过构造一条初始多目标平滑路径,当检测到环境变化时采用增量搜索思想,仅更新受影响结点并从当前结点重新进行规划得到一条新的多目标平滑路径。仿真结果表明,该算法不但能有效躲避突发障碍物,规划路径拐点较少,还能提高搜索效率,可有效应用于具有不同非交互规划目标的导航系统。