增强树脂用玻璃纤维的表面处理方法及其对界面的影响

综述了国内外增强树脂用玻璃纤维表面处理的方法,包括用硅烷偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂、含过氧化物基团的偶联剂以及和其它助剂联用处理,在玻璃纤维的表面接枝上含某种基团的小分子或大分子以及其它处理方法。通过对玻璃纤维的表面处理,提高了玻璃纤维与树脂基体的界面粘接力,获得良好的界面层,达到对界面的优化处理。     

不同种类偶联剂对PVC木塑复合材料抗冲击性能的影响

研究了不同种类偶联剂对PVC木塑复合材料抗冲击性能的影响。结果表明:硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂和铝酸酯偶联剂都具有改善作用,钛酸酯偶联剂效果最佳。三种偶联剂都存在最佳用量。硅烷偶联剂使冲击强度提升了47.7%,钛酸酯偶联剂使冲击强度提升了95.3%,铝酸酯偶联剂使冲击强度提升了40.9%。     

偶联剂对聚丁烯–1/碳酸钙复合材料性能的影响

采用硅烷、铝酸酯和钛酸酯偶联剂对碳酸钙进行表面处理,并以聚丁烯–1为基体制备了聚丁烯–1/碳酸钙复合材料,研究了这3种偶联剂对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,钛酸酯和铝酸酯偶联剂对碳酸钙改性的效果最好,其中铝酸酯偶联剂改性的碳酸钙接触角最大,对复合材料的增韧效果最明显,当铝酸酯偶联剂改性的用量为碳酸钙的1.5%时,改性后的碳酸钙接触角可达162.4°,相应的复合材料缺口冲击强度由未改性时的21.5 k J/m2提高至31.7 k J/m2。对铝酸酯偶联剂改性碳酸钙填充的复合材料的结晶性能及微观结构进行了分析与表征,发现铝酸酯偶联剂改性碳酸钙能够提高聚丁烯–1的结晶度,在基体内形成紧密堆积的细小球晶;铝酸酯偶联剂改性碳酸钙在聚丁烯–1中的分散性较佳,无明显团聚现象,与聚丁烯–1界面结合能力强,能够吸收形变功,提高复合材料的韧性。     

多填料改性汽车内饰用聚丙烯

以汽车内饰用聚丙烯为研究对象,通过共混改性研究了硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂及其两两复配形成的三种复合偶联剂对高岭土和硫酸钡进行的表面改性填充聚丙烯的性能。试验表明,钛酸酯偶联剂/铝酸酯偶联剂复配改性高岭土和硫酸钡填充聚丙烯(PP)能取得最优的综合性能,拉伸强度提升10.62%,断裂伸长率提升12.8%,弯曲强度提升4.95%,缺口冲击强度提升28.62%,熔体质量流动速率提升52.48%。通过正交试验对钛酸酯/铝酸酯复合偶联剂改性高岭土和硫酸钡填充PP进行了配方优化,同时发现高岭土能起到增强作用,硫酸钡对基体有增韧作用,且高岭土与硫酸钡在PP中具有协同作用。     

聚丙烯/红麻纤维复合材料性能的研究

将红麻纤维加入聚丙烯树脂中,考察红麻纤维形态、麻纤维碱处理工艺、偶联剂种类、马来酸酐接枝物等对聚丙烯/红麻纤(维100/10)复合材料力学性能及微观形貌的影响。结果表明:纤维状麻填充效果优于粉状麻,10 mm长麻纤维的填充效果优于20 mm长麻纤维;填充前,对红麻纤维进行碱处理,有利于偶联剂作用的发挥,铝酸酯硅烷偶联剂比硅烷偶联剂更适合用于麻纤维表面处理;体系中添加3%的马来酸酐接枝(物PP-g-MAH)后,复合材料冲击强度提高了27%,拉伸强度提高了120%;扫描电镜照片表明PP-g-MAH对麻纤维基、体间的界面结合改善明显。     

偶联剂对PE-RT/Al_2O_3复合材料力学性能和导热性能的影响

以硅烷、铝酸酯、钛酸酯三种不同粉状偶联剂处理后的Al2O3作为导热填料,耐热聚乙烯(PE-RT)为基体树脂,采用熔融共混的方法,通过双螺杆挤出造粒、注塑成型制备了PE-RT/Al2O3导热复合材料。研究了偶联剂种类及用量对PE-RT/Al2O3复合材料力学性能和导热性能的影响。结果表明:当硅烷偶联剂用量为1.5%时,材料的导热性能与力学性能最佳,由硅烷偶联剂处理Al2O3得到复合材料的热导率比未处理的提高了25%;另两种偶联剂用量分别为2%时,复合材料的热导率达到最大值,而其用量为1%时,材料的力学性能最佳;Al2O3与粉状偶联剂在基体中易团聚,导致复合材料的冲击强度下降。     

偶联剂处理针状硅灰石及PP复合材料的研究

采用硅烷偶联剂(KH550、KH570)、钛酸酯偶联剂(NDZ-201)和铝酸酯偶联剂(DL-411-A)对针状硅灰石表面进行处理,并进一步与聚丙烯(PP)进行填充改性。通过红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜对处理效果及PP/硅灰石体系进行了表征,对力学性能进行了测试。结果表明:四种偶联剂与硅灰石发生了化学作用,而且偶联剂KH570和DL-411-A对硅灰石的处理效果较佳。当KH570质量分数为2.0%、DL-411-A质量分数为1.5%时,PP/硅灰石体系的拉伸强度均达到最大值,同时提高了硅灰石在PP基体中的分散及其与PP基体的界面相容性。     

玻纤复合材料中偶联剂对环氧基体的改性研究

将环氧类硅烷偶联剂(187)和胺类硅烷偶联剂(1100和1120)分别加入环氧树脂基体配方中,考察了偶联剂种类和用量对环氧基体的浸润性和界面性能及其复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着187用量增加,树脂基体对纤维的浸润速度呈先上升后保持不变的趋势,添加质量分数为1%时,复合材料的界面和层间剪切强度最佳。三种偶联剂对体系浸润性影响相差不大,而胺类硅烷偶联剂1120对界面结构和性能的改善贡献最大。     

助剂对氢氧化铝和碳酸镁复配阻燃LLDPE性能的影响

将协效剂白炭黑、硼酸锌、低熔点玻璃和硅烷偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂分别添加到碳酸镁/氢氧化铝复配阻燃的线型低密度聚乙(烯LLDPE体)系中,考察了这些助剂对体系阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:几种助剂对体系的氧指数影响较小;白炭黑可以明显提高体系的拉伸强度,硼酸锌对体系的断裂伸长率影响最小;对拉伸强度而言使,用铝酸酯偶联剂优于硅烷偶联剂。     

复合体系中微观相界面对材料性能的影响——Ⅲ.非反应性助偶联剂对HDPE/CaCO_3复合体系的增韧效果

将改性石蜡(NR)作为非反应性助偶联剂,考察了其对高密度聚乙烯/碳酸钙(HDPE/CaCO_3)复合体系中微观相界面的作用及其对体系物理机械性能的影响。结果表明:由于新的第3相界面的形成,一方面改善了CaCO_3与基体树脂之间的界面粘结状态,另一方面增加了CaCO_3与基体树脂之间的力学作用层厚度,促进了CaCO_3对HDPE树脂的增韧作用,使冲击强度得到大幅度的提高。NR的改性作用与基体树脂的韧性、偶联剂种类及其用量水平等有关。体系的缺口冲击强度因NR的加入有明显提高,对韧性较差的基体有明显的增韧效果。对拉伸强度影响较小,对弯曲强度略下降。若基体树脂韧性较好,NR可使HDPE/CaCO_3复合体系保持较好的综合物理性能。     

偶联剂对环氧树脂戚式碳酸镁体系力学和分散性能的影响

利用扫描电镜（SEM）和力学拉伸实验,分析和对比了硅烷、钛酸酯和铝酸酯偶联剂处理过的环氧树脂／碱式碳酸镁体系的显微结构和拉伸强度。分别研究了这些偶联剂对环氧树脂,碱式碳酸铗体系的显微结构和拉伸强度的影响。结果表明,使用硅烷偶联剂时,环氧树脂／碱式碳酸镁体系的力学性能和分散性能最好。     

苎麻落麻纤维的偶联改性研究

本文研究了A-151偶联剂对苎麻落麻纤维与UP的接触角、纤维的吸水性、纤维表面状态及单丝强度的影响.与没有经过偶联处理的苎麻落麻纤维增强UP复合材料相比,A-151偶联处理后的复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度提高了20%,模量提高了25%.     

Evaluation of the mechanical properties of sisal–polyester composites as a function of the polyester matrix formulation

In this work a comparative study on the impact and tensile properties of polyester/sisal fiber reinforced composites was undertaken. The polyester matrix was used bare and modified with: (1) a silane coupling agent; (2) a flame retardant system; and (3) a blend of the silane agent and the flame retardant system. The experimental results show that the flame retardant acts as a particulate reinforcement to the polyester matrix and the silane coupling agent acts as a plasticizer. The simultaneous addition of these two compounds to the polyester resin tended to decrease the performance of the composites. The results obtained show that strength or toughness could be tailored, and although none of the composites manufactured with the modified polyester matrices showed a significant improvement on the fiber–matrix interface strength, a better compromise between impact and tensile properties was obtained with the silane modified matrix. The critical fiber volume fraction was also evaluated and shown to be less than 10% for the sisal–polyester composite investigated here. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1209–1217, 2004     

超高分子质量聚乙烯纤维黏结强度增强方法研究

为提高超高分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维复合材料中纤维与树脂基体之间的界面黏结强度,提出通过不同质量分数的硅烷偶联剂KH-570处理纳米SiO_2对UHMWPE纤维进行表面改性。对改性处理后的纤维与乙烯基酯树脂进行黏结强度试验,发现硅烷偶联剂处理纳米SiO_2能有效提高纤维的界面黏结强度,同时使纤维保持一定的断裂强度。     

Study on mechanical properties and fire resistance of porous ceramic silicone rubber

Porous ceramic silicone rubber (PCSR) has an excellent ablative resistance because of its strong carbon layer structure after burning. However, as a marine sealant material, it also needs to have better mechanical properties for better application. In this study, PCSR composites were prepared by compounding with different additives and different viscosity base adhesives, and their fire resistance, tensile properties, and bond strength of multiple substrates at different temperatures were investigated and compared. When the ratio of 20,000 to 80,000 viscosity matrix adhesive is 3:7, the material prepared by adding deketoxime crosslinker and silane coupling agent containing amino and epoxy groups together can reach more than 1.4 MPa tensile shear strength at 150°C. Sintering experiments have shown that PCSR composites can still maintain the strength and integrity of the carbon layer structure, and the results of the A-60 standard fire resistance test for cable and pipe penetration devices have shown that marine PCSR sealants can effectively prevent flame propagation.     

偶联剂对T-ZnO晶须/环氧树脂复合材料的影响

研究了偶联剂KH－560对T－ZnO晶须／环氧树脂复合材料的影响。结果表明：偶联剂KH－560分子一端通过化学键进入环氧树脂的大分子中，另一端与T－ZnO晶须形成较强的氢键，在晶须与基体之间形成有效界面层，起到桥接基体与晶须和吸收能量的作用，有利于T－ZnO晶须起增韧增强作用。偶联剂在晶须表面形成薄层有利于提高材料的拉伸和弯曲强度，而较厚层可形成柔性的缓冲区，有利于吸收应力，提高压缩和冲击性能。     

Effects of styrene–acrylic emulsion on bond performance and interface microstructure of repair mortar of ternary cementitious system

This study investigates the effects of styrene–acrylic emulsion (SAE) as a modifier and interfacial agent on the interfacial bond performance of ordinary Portland cement–aluminate cement–gypsum (PAG) repair mortar. The hydration products and interfacial microstructure are analyzed via x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that the addition of SAE can effectively enhance the tensile bond strength and flexural bond strength of the PAG repair mortar, and the optimal addition amount of SAE is 10 wt%. The tensile and flexural bond strengths of the PAG repair mortar with SAE interfacial agent at 40% concentration are 1.38 and 1.34 times than those of the mortar without the interfacial agent, respectively. XPS and FTIR analyses reveal that the carboxyl groups in SAE and Ca²⁺ generated from cement hydration form Ca²⁺–carboxyl complexes. The SEM and XRD analyses indicate that SAE can alter the distribution and size of crystals at the bond interface and considerably reduce the thickness of the bond interface; however, SAE cannot change the type of hydration products at the bond interface.     

Glass lap joints with UV-cured adhesives: Use of a perfluoropolyether methacrylic resin in the presence of an acrylic silane coupling agent

In this work the adhesion to glass of a UV-curable resin with a high fluorine content, namely a methacrylic resin based on perfluoropolyether (PFPE) chains, was studied. In particular, focus was on how the presence of a silane coupling agent, with an acrylate functional group, used either for functionalizing the glass substrates or as an additive to the resin formulations, influenced such adhesion. The adhesive bond strength in shear of lap joints and their resistance to a humid environment and water were assessed. The silane was found to enhance the adhesive strength of the PFPE resin joints, and the silanization of glass proved to be more efficient than the addition of the additive into the formulations. The results were compared to those obtained with a fluorine free acrylic resin. Although the adhesion strength of the PFPE resin was lower compared to that of the fluorine free resin, it showed a better resistance to water as the hydrophobicity of the PFPE chains hindered the transport of water molecules at the resin/glass interface.     

Effect of compounding on the properties of short fiber reinforced injection moldable thermoplastic composites

The mechanical properties of short-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites depend on the degree of interfacial bond strength between the fibers and polymer matrix. This interfacial bond strength can be increased by appropriate coupling agents. This study shows, for example, that an amino silane coupling agent improves the bond strength of nylon-aluminum fiber composites, but not polycarbonate-aluminum fiber composites. For cases where appropriate coupling agents are not available it is important to maintain as high a fiber aspect ratio as possible in a molded part. This study shows that a single screw compounder does less damage to glass or carbon fibers than a twin screw compounder under similar processing conditions when the polymer is in the form of pellets. When the polymer is supplied as a powder, satisfactory dry blends can be produced and the twin screw compounder does less damage to the fibers. In both cases, however, fibers initially 6 mm long are reduced to an average length less than 0.5 mm. The greatest degree of fiber size retention was observed when extrusion coated fiber pellets were used in the injection molding machine. The relationship between a fiber's tensile strength and the interfacial shear strength between a fiber and matrix yields a critical fiber aspect ratio below which the maximum reinforcing capability of the fibers are not being utilized. For the polymers investigated in this program, the critical aspect ratio for carbon fibers was found to be between 16 and 25 to 1. The polymers investigated include flame-retardant grades of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and poly(phenylene oxide)/polystyrene blend, nylon 6/6 and poly(phenylene sulfide).