BAF深度处理PCB废水的实验研究

采用曝气生物滤池(BAF)工艺对太湖地区某印刷电路板厂现有废水处理系统出水进行深度处理。研究结果表明,在进水COD容积负荷为0.36 kg/(m3.d),进水平均COD为187.8 mg/L的条件下,BAF处理出水平均COD可降至42.1 mg/L,完全达到太湖地区废水排放标准要求,其出水pH等指标也符合排放要求。指出了废水中氨氮和Cu含量的变化规律,为中试和工艺设计应用提供了参考。     

上下向流BAF处理化肥厂工业废水的中试研究

同时运行两套60L/h的曝气生物滤池(BAF)中试装置处理化肥厂工业废水.数据表明上向流工艺比下向流工艺有更好的COD和氨氮去除率.当COD负荷在3.49kg/(m3·d)时,上向流出水COD为45mg/L,去除率为89.5%;当氨氮负荷为0.4kg/(m3·d)时,上向流出水的氨氮为8mg/L,达到了循环冷却水回用指标.而相应的下向流出水COD和氨氮分别为123mg/L和15mg/L.     

UASB-SBR组合工艺处理小麦酒精废水

采用升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)-序批式反应器(SBR)组合工艺研究对小麦酒精废水的处理效果。研究结果表明:在中温(37±2)℃条件下,采用UASB反应器处理小麦酒精废水,容积负荷可达到13.0 kg/(m3·d),COD去除率稳定在85%左右,厌氧出水COD保持在1650mg/L以下,出水挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)稳定在3.5mmol/L以下,反应器的沼气产量维持在17L/d左右,反应器运行稳定;采用SBR反应器处理小麦酒精废水厌氧出水,容积负荷为1.6kg/(m3·d),COD去除率基本保持在80%以上。经过两级生物处理,出水COD在300 mg/L以下,达到接入市政污水管网的标准。     

HCR工艺处理高浓度氨氮有机废水

研究了高效好氧生物反应器(HCR)系统处理高浓度氨氮有机废水的可行性,对影响系统处理效果的因素进行了分析和探讨.结果表明:当进水中氨氮为2 000～2 200 mg/L、COD 500～9000 mg/L、pH 9.5～10.0,系统反应的水力停留时间7.0～7.5 h时,氨氮去除率最高达到72%以上,氨氮容积负荷最高达到4.8 kg/(m3·d)以上,COD容积负荷最高达到21.6 kg/(m3·d).说明HCR系统预处理高浓度氨氮有机废水可行.     

新型IC反应器处理餐厨垃圾废水的实验研究

采用内循环厌氧反应器(IC)处理餐厨垃圾废水。结果表明:采用快速提升负荷至5 kg/(m3·d)并稳定运行19 d这一启动方式有利于提高污泥的活性。负荷提升中后期,出水pH高于进水pH。IC处理餐厨垃圾废水的最大容积负荷为25.2 kg/(m3·d),此时COD去除率下降到86%。稳定运行期,当进水COD达到22.4 mg/L,出水COD稳定在1 650~1 950 mg/L,COD去除率高达91.8%。     

改进MBR工艺处理裂解脱水液废水

针对山西某工业污泥炭化工艺过程产生大量的裂解脱水液废水问题,采用改进MBR工艺(三级水稀释-MBR-NaClO)对废水进行处理。在连续进水实验中,分别分析了稀释倍数对出水COD及氨氮的影响,系统运行参数对出水COD的影响及进水COD分别为190.23 mg/L加NaClO情况下,出水水质的影响。实验结果表明,1)当稀释倍数为K1~K11,出水COD达到间接A级排放标准;2)进水MLSS质量浓度为2 705~4 205 mg/L时,COD去除率约为70%,系统抗击的最大COD污泥负荷达到0.1 5 kg/(kg·d),抗击最大COD容积负荷到达0.47 kg/(kg·d);3)出水加NaClO可以使未达标的COD、氨氮出水处理达标排放。     

一体化O_3-BAF处理PVA印染模拟废水实验研究

针对含聚乙烯醇(PVA)印染废水可生化性差、处理难度大的情况,采用一体化臭氧-曝气生物滤池(BAF)工艺处理。实验结果表明,一体化臭氧-BAF系统对含PVA模拟废水去除效果较好的PVA的质量浓度限值为140mg/L,此时废水中COD约为250 mg/L,处理该废水的优化臭氧投加量约为60 mg/L、水力负荷为0.4~0.5 m3/(m2·h)。在该运行参数下废水BOD5/COD可由0.095提升至0.59,可生化性得到了极大提高。出水PVA的质量浓度下降至8 mg/L,COD也降低至90 mg/L左右,2者去除率分别达到了93.59%和64.29%,处理效果良好。     

混凝沉淀-HBF-二级软化沉淀处理航天炉煤气化废水

结合废水特点与用户需求,将“混凝沉淀-生物固定膜复合(HBF)工艺-二级软化沉淀”组合工艺应用于煤化工综合废水(航天炉煤气化废水为主)的处理中。该工程案例中,乙二醇废水预处理新型高效厌氧脱氮生物反应器(ADN反应器)设计NO₃^--N容积负荷为1.27 kg NO₃^--N/(m³·d),上升流速为2 m/h,停留时间为15.1 h;综合废水处理系统中,一级缺氧池设计TN容积负荷为0.8 kg TN/(m³·d),一级好氧池设计COD_Cr容积负荷为0.8 kg COD_Cr/(m³·d),一级好氧池设计氨氮容积负荷为0.2 kg氨氮/(m³·d)。运行结果表明,该组合工艺对煤化工综合废水的处理效果稳定。经处理后的出水COD_Cr<45 mg/L、TN<30 mg/L、氨氮<5 mg/L,出水水质满足《石油化学工业污染物排放标准》(GB 3...     

钠法季戊四醇生产中含甲醛废水的处理实验研究

为了有效地处理含甲醛废水,提高其生化性、降低COD和甲醛,对季戊四醇含甲醛废水进行研究,实验采用"预处理+厌氧+好氧+混凝沉淀"的工艺。结果表明,当进水COD为6 000 mg/L左右,BOD5约1 500 mg/L,甲醛浓度1 200～1 500 mg/L时,预处理停留时间在36 h,曝气强度13 L/(m2·min),p H值6.5～7.0;厌氧反应器停留时间6天,COD容积负荷为0.88 kg/(m3·d)。好氧反应器停留时间为4天,曝气强度86 L/(m2·min),COD容积负荷为0.5 kg/(m3·d);混凝沉淀加PAC和PAM后,废水经过各个工艺段处理后出水COD可达130 mg/L,BOD5约20 mg/L,甲醛浓度0.88 mg/L;去除率分别可达97%、98%和99%;最终污水达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)的二级标准。     

ABR-CSTR组合工艺处理黄酒生产废水研究

采用ABR-CSTR组合工艺对黄酒生产废水处理进行了研究。结果表明,采用低负荷启动并逐步提高容积负荷是ABR-CSTR组合工艺成功启动的关键,在温度为(30±2)℃时,COD容积负荷从0.3 kg/(m3·d)增至4.0kg/(m3·d),历时100 d启动成功。系统总去除率保持在95%~98%,出水平均氨氮、总氮分别为0.57、20.4 mg/L,表明ABR-CSTR组合工艺能有效处理黄酒生产废水。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.