FSSP制备SiC/H62铜合金组织及磨损性能分析

采用搅拌摩擦表面加工技术在H62铜合金表面制备了SiC/H62铜合金表面改性层,并对改性层进行了微观组织、耐磨性和硬度等分析。结果显示,获得的改性层晶粒得到很好的细化,改性层表面无缺陷;改性层磨损形式主要是磨粒磨损和犁沟磨损,同时也伴随着少量的粘着磨损;改性层硬度明显高于母材。     

低温时效对6Mn2Cr钢耐磨性的影响

低温时效处理明显提高６Ｍｎ２Ｃｒ介稳奥氏体钢抗高冲击功的耐磨性，穆斯堡尔谱分析不韧处理试样的磨面诱发出无碳马氏体和合金马氏体。经低温时效处理试样的磨面为韧性罗合金奥氏体和无碳氏体两相组织，并在随后的磨损过程中产生的强烈的加工硬化，致使低温对时效处理试样的磨面兼有高韧性和高硬度。     

稀土变质处理对耐磨高铬铸铁组织性能的影响

本文采用稀土变质荆对高铬铸铁进行变质处理,通过OM和SEM测试观察高铬铸铁变质处理前后及热处理前后的形貌及微观组织,并通过硬度、冲击韧性及磨损量测试研究变质和热处理对其力学性能的影响。结果表明：高铬铸铁在经过稀土变质处理后组织细化,网状碳化物破碎成孤立块状,硬度、冲击韧性及耐磨性提高;经过950℃-1000℃正火处理后,碳化物进一步破碎,在奥氏体基体上析出弥散的二次碳化物,进一步提高了高铬铸铁的硬度、韧性和耐磨性能。     

Nb、Ti微合金化新型440MPa级船用钢板韧性研究

研究了某钢厂热连轧TMCP工艺14mm厚440MPa级钢板的强韧性,对微观组织进行了观察分析.试验结果表明,新型热连轧440MPa钢板具有良好的低温韧性,-40℃冲击功超过310J,韧脆转变温度低于-100℃.新型440MPa钢板良好的性能来源于低碳、Nb-Ti微合金化成分设计及TMCP工艺下获得细化的针状铁素体组织.     

灰铸铁激光熔覆纳米Al2O3的性能研究

用纳米氧化铝和铁粉混合作为灰铸铁的表面改性材料，通过激光熔覆试验对灰铸铁进行表面改性，制备了灰铸铁表面改性试样。对试样进行了以磨损试验为主的性能测试，显微硬度测量结果表明表面改性层硬度明显提高，结合区由于成分及微观组织的改变，硬度提高异常显著。运用MM-200摩擦磨损试验机进行了的摩擦磨损试验，结果表明表面改性层耐磨性显著提高，且纳米氧化铝含量越多，耐磨性提高越显著。载荷越大，摩擦系数越小。灰铸铁激光熔覆纳米Al2O3后，其磨损机制为犁削磨损。     

晶粒长大抑制剂VC对原位生成WCoB-TiC-Co复相金属陶瓷的影响

为细化WCoB-TiC-Co复相金属陶瓷晶粒,改善其组织,提高其力学性能,以WC、TiB_2和Co粉末为主要原材料,采用真空液相原位反应烧结工艺,在1 400℃真空烧结炉中制备了WCoB-TiC-Co复相金属陶瓷.利用FE-SEM、EDS和XRD等技术,研究了不同含量的晶粒长大抑制剂VC对WCoB-TiC-Co复相金属陶瓷组织、物相构成、硬度、密度、耐磨性及抗弯强度和断口形貌等性能的影响.结果表明:添加适量的VC能有效细化WCoB-TiC-Co复相金属陶瓷晶粒,使得材料获得更均匀细小的微观组织,增加材料韧性和断口不平整性,增强材料抗弯强度,并且提高硬度、密度和耐磨性;当VC的质量分数增加到0.9%时,金属陶瓷的晶粒平均尺寸可细化到约1.3μm,硬度随之升高到91.5 HRA,抗弯强度达到794 MPa;但VC的质量分数继续增加到1.2%、1.5%时,其硬度、密度、耐磨性及抗弯强度均会有所降低.     

T10钢的脉冲爆炸-等离子体表面改性

为了提高T10钢的耐磨性和表面硬度,通过脉冲爆炸-等离子体(PDP)对T10钢进行表面改性,使用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析PDP处理前后T10钢的组织形貌,使用X射线衍射仪分析PDP处理后的试样的结构变化,使用显微维氏硬度计检测试样PDP处理前后的显微硬度,使用磨损试验机检测PDP处理前后的耐磨性能,使用电化学工作站检测试样PDP处理前后的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:PDP处理T10钢后,在材料表层形成了外层为柱状区、内层为组织细化区双层结构的改性层,厚度约为70.71μm,显微硬度约为PDP处理前的2倍,磨损质量损失较基体减少,磨痕宽度明显减小; PDP处理前后T10钢自腐蚀电位无明显变化; PDP处理过程中试样快速加热、快速冷却且空气中N_2参与,使改性层有残余奥氏体出现,并生成新相Fe_3N,从而提高了T10钢的硬度和耐磨性; PDP前后试样耐蚀性变化不大。     

醋酸纤维素超滤膜低温氧等离子体表面改性

以经过特殊处理的醋酸纤维素超滤膜、进行低温氧等离子体表面改性。改性处理使超滤膜的性能，尤其是透水性能发生很大变化。实验研究了等离子体处理（处理时间、放电功率、反应腔压力）和铸膜液的组成对改性的影响，初步探讨了表面性机理，研究结果表明，低温等离子体是一个有实用意义的膜改性方法。     

LY12铝合金微观组织在交变磁场作用下组织变化研究

通过对LY12铝合金试件在交变磁场作用前后的微观组织变化研究,分析磁处理前后微观组织组成成份变化,进而得出交变磁场导致LY2铝合金组织细化的组织因素及作用机理,发现磁处理技术对铝合金的塑性有所提高,强度变化不人.     

一种自动控制的液压式低温改性处理机

低温 (深冷 )处理作为一门新的工艺技术对高速钢、工具钢、模具钢、高碳高合金钢和轴承钢等材料均能明显的改善其力学性能 ,提高耐磨性与延长其使用寿命。在原真空室型低温处理装置的基础上 ,开发成功了一种操作简单、使用方便及性能可靠的自动控制液压式低温改性处理机。实现了低温处理工艺的自动化 ,增加了处理工艺的准确性 ,提高了金属材料改性处理工件的效果     

Processing of materials at cryogenic temperature and its implications in manufacturing: A review

Processing of materials at cryogenic temperature has improved the properties of materials such as hardness, toughness, wear resistance, tensile strength, dimensional stability, corrosion resistance, etc. However, the extent of improvement in the properties of materials subjected to cryogenic treatment as claimed in the literature is diverse and sometimes contradictory to each other. Contradictions have also been reported regarding its various aspects like tempering prior and postcryogenic treatment, tempering temperature, aging before cryogenic treatment and cryogenic parameters like soaking temperature, soaking time, and cooling rate. There is need of investigating the cryogenic treatment in relation to pre and postheat treatment conditions. In this study, an attempt has been made to review the various research articles published in the literature on the subject matter extensively. Cryogenic processing of cutting tools and workpiece material has also emerged as a potential technique for improving the performance of cutting tools during metal cutting as well as for improving the machinability and weldability of workpiece materials. The implications of cryogenic treatment in the perspective of manufacturing have been revealed clearly through review of related studies. The various findings reported in the literature have been highlighted systematically and futuristic directions have been proposed to encourage research work in the area of cryogenic treatment.     

Microstructure of cryogenic treated M2 tool steel

Cryogenic treatment has been claimed to improve wear resistance of certain steels and has been implemented in cutting tools, autos, barrels etc. Although it has been confirmed that cryogenic treatment can improve the service life of tools, the underling mechanism remains unclear. In this paper, we studied the microstructure changes of M2 tool steel before and after cryogenic treatment. We found that cryogenic treatment can facilitate the formation of carbon clustering and increase the carbide density in the subsequent heat treatment, thus improving the wear resistance of steels.     

深冷处理改善高速钢性能及其机理研究

深冷处理是一种有效的热处理工艺方法,通过深冷处理后,能够比较显著地改善材料的力学性能和较大幅度地提高工件的使用寿命。深冷处理工艺在金属材料领域的应用已经越来越广泛。研究表明,深冷处理不仅可以使残余奥氏体减少,而且还可以细化马氏体孪晶,促使纳米级碳化物的析出,并附着在马氏体孪晶带上。深冷处理不仅可以提高材料的硬度,也能够使材料的韧性略有增加。经过深冷处理,能够有效促使残留奥氏体向马氏体转变,并且析出超微细碳化物,可以获得比较好的综合力学性能,显著提高高速钢刀具的使用寿命。本文介绍了深冷处理工艺的特点和它的发展情况,阐述了深冷处理工艺对高速钢材料的影响,并展望了深冷处理工艺的发展前景。     

Experimental studies on the cryogenic machining of biodegradable ZK60 Mg alloy using micro-textured tools

Reducing the contact area between the cutting tool rake surface and chip promotes the machining performance of the work material and increases the tool life. Magnesium alloys are ductile-lightweight materials that form continuous chips during machining. The present investigation discusses the orthogonal turning of ZK60 magnesium alloy with linearly textured cutting inserts under both dry and liquid nitrogen (LN₂) cooling conditions. Linear grooves that are parallel and perpendicular to chip flow direction were created using Nd-YAG laser on the tungsten carbide cutting inserts. The effect of texturing combined with the application of LN₂ cooling is studied by evaluating the machining temperature and forces, microhardness, surface roughness and tool wear. Textured tools considerably minimize the liaison area of the chip with the rake plane compared to non-textured tools, which resulted in favorable effects in machinability. In case of cryogenic machining, textured tools substantially minimize the friction by the coupled effect of micro-pool lubrication and the formation of thin-film lubrication between the tool–chip/tool–work interfaces. Parallel-textured tools aided with cryogenic cooling exhibit superior performance during machining among the different types of tools employed in the present investigation.     

Nanocomposite‐Beschichtungen auf CBN‐Werkzeugen

Nanocomposite coatings on CBN‐tools CBN (cubic boron nitride) cutting materials are often used to improve the properties of cutting tools. This allows new applications and processes, which are not possible with common cutting materials (e.g. hard metals). Today CBN cutting materials are mostly coated to estimate the wear by an optical evaluation. Coatings on CBN cutting materials for enhancement of the tribological properties are normally not used. For improvement of the properties of used CBN tools during the cutting process a coating technology was developed. This technology combines the advantages of CBN cutting materials with the excellent properties (e.g. hardness, temperature stability) of nanostructured materials. Investigations with different coating systems and pre‐treatment processes were done to test the CBN cutting tools. These investigations have been shown, that nanocomposite coatings can be used to enhance the tool life of CBN cutting tools. Important for an increase in the tool life is a very good coating adhesion, which can be reached by special adhesion layers and an optimized coating structure.     

CRYOGENIC MACHINING OF KEVLAR COMPOSITES

Previous attempts to machine Kevlar aramid fibre reinforced plastics (KFRP) with conventional cutting tools have proven to be extremely difficult. This has somewhat restricted the material's usage, often negating the advantages of its high strength to weight ratio and fatigue tolerance. The present paper describes a novel technique of machining KFRP under cryogenic conditions with remarkable results compared to those obtained at ambient temperatures. The investigation carried out with turning operation shows dramatic improvement of the tool performance and surface quality. The effects of various machining parameters such as workpiece temperature, cutting speed and tool geometry on the machinability of KFRP are presented and analyzed. It appears that care is necessary to judge the tool life as the typical tool wear growth and surface finish or cutting force may produce contradictory results. It is also suggested that, for KFRP, surface finish of the machined workpiece is a very good criterion to determine the tool life. To aid the understanding of the machining mechanics, a microscopic investigation of the cutting zone while actually machining a testpiece at ambient and cryogenic temperatures is also reported.     

梯度结构Al_2O_3-(W,Ti)C-TiN-Mo-Ni纳米金属陶瓷刀具材料的设计及制备

基于对高速硬切削时刀具应力和温度分布,以及刀具内部疲劳裂纹扩展仿真分析,提出一个组分含量分布和微观结构具有梯度特征的设计模型。通过韧性相的添加和梯度结构的引入,实现疲劳裂纹扩展速率的减缓,从而提高刀具寿命。采用二阶段热压烧结工艺制备出具有梯度结构的Al_2O_3-(W,Ti)C-TiN-Mo-Ni纳米复合刀具材料,并对其微观结构和力学性能进行研究。结果表明:所制备的梯度结构金属陶瓷材料表层硬度、内层的断裂韧度和抗弯强度分别达到19.258GPa,10.015MPa·m~(1/2)和1017.475MPa,满足高速硬切削刀具的性能要求。材料的断口出现韧窝和黏结相撕裂形成的断裂棱,有利于断裂韧度和抗弯强度的增强,从而提高刀具抗疲劳裂纹扩展能力。     

Simplified MQL system for drilling AISI 304 SS using cryogenically treated drills

In machining operations, cutting fluids have been comprehensively used to improve the cutting tool life, but the issues related to manufacturing cost, environment and health call for reducing their use by possible methods. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is a technique that overcomes these problems by spraying a small amount of cutting fluid (<100?ml/hr) as mist using compressed air. In this work, the basic MQL technique is used to achieve flow rates slightly higher (～880?ml/hr) than MQL using simple techniques like paint sprayer and compressor, which is more generally called reduced quantity lubrication (RQL). Another method to increase the tool life is by cryogenic treatment, which increases the hardness of the tool. Tungsten carbide drill bits were subjected to cryogenic treatment (?185 °C). Drilling studies were carried out on AISI 304 stainless steel (SS) using untreated and cryo-treated WC drill bits under RQL and conventional wet lubrication conditions. The tool wear on the treated WC drill bits with RQL was comparatively less than on the untreated ones with RQL and wet lubrication. These improvements were established through microhardness, SEM images, XRD, wear studies and surface roughness measurements comparisons.     

Tool wear in cryogenic turning of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Though titanium alloys are being increasingly sought in a wide variety of engineering and biomedical applications, their manufacturability, especially machining and grinding imposes lot of constraints. Rapid tool wear encountered in machining of titanium alloys is a challenge that needs to be overcome. Cryogenic machining with liquid nitrogen as coolant is being investigated by researchers to reduce the cutting zone temperatures and enhance the tool life. The effects of cryogenic cooling have been studied on growth and nature tool wear in the present investigation while turning Ti-6Al-4V alloy bars with microcrystalline uncoated carbide inserts under dry, wet and cryogenic cooling environments in the cutting velocity range of 70-100 m/min. Cryogenic cooling by liquid nitrogen jets enabled substantial improvement in tool life through reduction in adhesion-dissolution-diffusion tool wear through control of machining temperature desirably at the cutting zone.     

不同后处理对MT-TiCN涂层刀具组织与切削性能的影响

目的研究不同后处理工艺(包括热处理、湿喷砂和刃口处理)对MT-TiCN涂层组织与刀片切削性能的影响。方法采用中温化学气相沉积技术在硬质合金刀片上制备TiCN涂层;利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、纳米压痕仪分析MT-TiCN涂层的组织形貌、相结构、硬度和弹性模量;在AISI 4340合金钢上进行车削试验。结果 MT-TiCN涂层呈柱状晶结构,涂层沿(422)晶面方向择优生长,且织构系数达5.5;涂层表面和断口平均硬度分别为26.6 GPa和30.7~31.8 GPa,平均弹性模量分别为528.6 GPa和467.7~494.4 GPa;在连续车削条件下,经湿喷砂处理的涂层刀片切削性能最佳;在低切深、低进给断续车削工况下,湿喷砂后又经热处理和刃口处理的涂层刀片使用寿命最长;湿喷砂后再进行热处理,对刀具的切削性能影响较小。结论湿喷砂和热处理对MT-TiCN涂层组织的影响较小;不同后处理工艺对涂层刀具切削性能的影响较大,这主要是因为刃口处理会减小涂层厚度同时提高涂层韧性。