Al-Zn-Li-Mg-Cu-Zr合金中δ′相的长大

研究了Al-Zn-Li-Mg-Cu-Zr合金在393K,433K和473K时效过程中δ′相的长大规律,发现当合金在393?K时效时,δ′相的长大符合LSW长大规律;当合金在433?K和473?K时效时,δ′相半径的3次方与时效时间符合抛物线关系,这与在此温度下沉淀析出X相有关.     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金时效沉淀相应变场研究

利用高分辨透射电子显微镜研究喷射成形Al12Zn2.4Mg1.1Cu合金不同时效时间析出的GPⅡ区和η′亚稳沉淀相,并结合几何相位分析软件计算了GPⅡ区和η′亚稳沉淀相的应变场。研究表明:该合金的时效硬度变化和主要析出相的变化密切相关。GPⅡ区大量弥散析出是造成合金硬度迅速上升的主要原因。η′是峰值时效状态下的主要析出强化相。析出相从GPⅡ区到η′的转变,是应变峰值较小的分散半共格应变场取代了应变峰值较大的集中共格应变场的过程。并对GPⅡ区和η′亚稳沉淀相的演变过程及强化机制进行了讨论。     

锌镁比对7085铝合金时效组织演变的影响

通过硬度和电导率测试,结合金相显微分析、透射电镜微观组织观察和DSC分析,研究了Zn/Mg比对7085铝合金120℃单级时效的影响.结果表明,120℃时效时,不同Zn/Mg比值的7085铝合金分别在4h和26 h到达GP区和(n)相强化的2个峰值,但Zn/Mg=7.27的合金两个时效峰值时间较Zn/Mg=5.84的合金略微提前.微观组织观察表明,时效4h后Zn/Mg=7.27的合金晶内已经有较多粗大的沉淀相(5～10 nm)析出,衍射斑点显示这些较大沉淀相为 η’相,而在Zn/Mg=5.84的合金内则较少发现.细小的GP区的减少以及较大 η’相的析出,降低了第二相粒子对合金的强化效果.DSC结果也表明,Zn/Mg=7.27的合金的GP区和η′相的析出温度都较Zn/Mg=5.84稍微降低.     

Mg、Zn在2099铝锂合金中的微合金化作用

研究Mg、Zn添加对一种Al-Cu-Li合金微观组织演变及力学性能的影响。结果表明,Mg、Zn的添加促进了δ′相的形核析出,并且可以降低其长大速度,因而使得合金中的δ′相更加细小弥散。在时效早期,含Mg和Zn的合金中析出大量的GP区,而不含Mg只含Zn的合金中没有看到GP区的存在,只有少量粗大的θ′相;含Mg不含Zn的合金中也有较多的GP区生成,这说明Mg促进GP区的形成,Zn单独作用对GP区形成无太大影响,只有和Mg一起作用时起到加速GP区形成的作用。随着时效的进行,含Mg和Zn的合金中GP区转变成θ′/θ′′相,而不含Mg只含Zn的合金中θ′相无明显变化,含Mg不含Zn的合金中也有大量θ′/θ′′相生成。说明Mg是促进θ′/θ′′相形成的主要元素,而Zn只是在有Mg的存在下起到促进其形成的作用。     

微量Mn对Al-Zn-Mg合金沉淀过程和显微组织参数的影响

本文利用硬度,光学显微镜和透射电镜研究了微量Mn(0.48wt-%)对Al-5.0Zn-1.8Mg合金的沉淀过程,临界形核温度(T_C~′)和显微组织参数的影响,并与Cr和Cu的作用特点进行了比较.实验结果表明,Mn能细化晶粒和提高HV,但没有强烈的抑制再结晶和提高T_c~′的作用.在选用的时效条件下(120—200℃),含Mn合金的PFZ比无Mn合金窄,HV比无Mn合金高.在时效初期或进行低温时效(T_a≤160℃),Mn能促进晶界沉淀相(GBP)和基体沉淀相(MPt)的长大,但在时效后期或进行高温时效(Ta≥180℃),Mn又能抑制它们长大,有明显的稳定化作用.Mn对显微组织参数的这种影响与Cr和Cu的影响不同,可用Mn原子集团参与了GP区形核和含Mn之GP区的吞并长大速度慢的观点来说明.     

EFFECT OF Mn ON PRECIPITATION AND MICROSTRUCTURAL PARAMETERS OF AN A1-Zn-Mg ALLOY

本文利用硬度,光学显微镜和透射电镜研究了微量Mn(0.48wt-%)对Al-5.0Zn-1.8Mg合金的沉淀过程,临界形核温度(T_C~′)和显微组织参数的影响,并与Cr和Cu的作用特点进行了比较.实验结果表明,Mn能细化晶粒和提高HV,但没有强烈的抑制再结晶和提高T_c~′的作用.在选用的时效条件下(120—200℃),含Mn合金的PFZ比无Mn合金窄,HV比无Mn合金高.在时效初期或进行低温时效(T_a≤160℃),Mn能促进晶界沉淀相(GBP)和基体沉淀相(MPt)的长大,但在时效后期或进行高温时效(Ta≥180℃),Mn又能抑制它们长大,有明显的稳定化作用.Mn对显微组织参数的这种影响与Cr和Cu的影响不同,可用Mn原子集团参与了GP区形核和含Mn之GP区的吞并长大速度慢的观点来说明.     

EFFECT OF Ti ON PRECIPITATION AND MICROSTRUCTURAL PARAMETERS OF AN Al-Zn-Mg ALLOY

本文利用硬度、光学显微镜和透射电镜研究了微量Ti(0.15％)对Al-5.0Zn-1.8Mg合金的沉淀过程、临界形核温度(T′_c)和显微组织参数的影响.结果表明,微量Ti能显著细化晶粒,但无抑制再结晶和提高T′_c的能力.低温时效(T_aT′_c),Ti又有相反的作用,能使MPt显著粗化和降低硬度.但在任一时效温度(120—200℃),含Ti合金的GBP和PFZ均比无Ti合金小和窄.Ti对沉淀过程和组织参数的这种影响,可用Ti原子团参与了GP区形核和含Ti合金过剩空位浓度低的观点来说明.     

微量Ti对Al-Zn-Mg合金沉淀过程和显微组织参数的影响

本文利用硬度、光学显微镜和透射电镜研究了微量Ti(0.15％)对Al-5.0Zn-1.8Mg合金的沉淀过程、临界形核温度(T′_c)和显微组织参数的影响.结果表明,微量Ti能显著细化晶粒,但无抑制再结晶和提高T′_c的能力.低温时效(T_aT′_c),Ti又有相反的作用,能使MPt显著粗化和降低硬度.但在任一时效温度(120—200℃),含Ti合金的GBP和PFZ均比无Ti合金小和窄.Ti对沉淀过程和组织参数的这种影响,可用Ti原子团参与了GP区形核和含Ti合金过剩空位浓度低的观点来说明.     

回归再时效（RRA）处理对7050铝合金的影响

采用TEM和维氏硬度计研究了回归再时效 (RRA)处理对 70 5 0铝合金的影响 ,对处理后合金试样的强度和伸长率进行了测试 ,并对试样断口在SEM下进行了观察。研究发现 ,当回归温度为 45 3K ,在回归曲线上 ,随着回归时间的延长 ,硬度值下降 ,在 36 0 0s达到硬度最低值 ;继续延长回归时间 ,硬度值上升 ,在 72 0 0s硬度值达到最大值 ,随后硬度值下降 ;在RRA曲线上 ,随着回归时间的延长 ,硬度值上升 ,在 36 0 0s达到硬度峰 ,随后硬度值下降。当回归温度为 473K时 ,虽然与在 45 3K回归和再时效行为的趋势相同 ,但在回归曲线上 ,硬度的谷值和峰值时间都提前 ,并且硬度峰值稍微降低 ;在RRA曲线上 ,硬度峰提前。TEM研究结果表明 ,70 5 0铝合金在T6状态的硬化来自GP区。在回归处理过程中硬度谷值的产生与GP区的回溶有关 ,而峰值的产生与 η′和 η相的沉淀析出有关 ;在RRA处理过程中 ,峰值的产生与 η′和 η相的沉淀析出有关。回归温度对 70 5 0铝合金的影响与GP区、η′和 η相形核和时效沉淀动力学受回归温度影响有关。经过RRA(393K× 2 2h + 45 3K× 1h + 393K× 30h)处理后合金要比T745 1处理后的强度高 19% ,而伸长率稍微降低 ,经过RRA(393K× 2 2h + 473K× 5min + 393K× 30h)处理后合金要比T745 1处理后的强     

少量Sc对Al-Mg-Cu-Li-Zr合金组织与性能的影响

通过显微硬度测试、拉伸试验、SEM、TEM及能谱等方法研究了添加少量Sc对Al-4.0Mg-1.5Cu-1.0Li-0.12Zr合金微观组织与性能的影响.结果表明,Sc的加入能显著提高合金硬度、强度和塑性;促进时效初期δ'(Al3Li)相的均匀析出,形成尺寸细小的δ'相和尺寸较大的Al3Li/Al3(Sc,Zr)复合相,并延缓了δ'相的长大;Sc的添加还促进过时效阶段S'相的弥散析出,延缓软化进程.Z相的形成与时效温度密切相关,而与Ag的添加并无直接关系.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.