7%Cr管线钢在含有CO2盐溶液中的腐蚀行为研究

摘要：利用失重法,结合显微形貌、能谱分析、X射线衍射、电化学测试等手段,分析了中铬钢在高温高压含有CO2的盐溶液环境中腐蚀的萌生与发展,以及热处理工艺对中Cr钢的耐蚀性能影响规律。结果显示：7%Cr（质量分数）钢在有CO2的盐溶液中的腐蚀以点蚀为开端,随后形成由Cr(OH)3和FeCO3组成的非晶态产物膜,产物膜外层有颗粒状FeCO3附着,随着Cr(OH)3的大量产生产物膜中部分FeCO3溶解,随后CaCO3沉淀填补了颗粒状FeCO3溶解后留下的空隙。热处理后淬火试样耐蚀性最好,正火次之,轧制试样最差。     

低碳中铬钢在模拟CO2-EOR环境下的腐蚀行为

 为了研究Cr5和Cr7(质量分数/%)钢在CO₂-EOR高温高压服役条件下的腐蚀机理,利用高温高压反应釜模拟其腐蚀行为,使用失重法测定了腐蚀速率,采用SEM、EDS、XRD和XPS等手段对腐蚀产物进行了观察与分析,探讨了试验钢在CO₂条件下的腐蚀机理,并提出了腐蚀模型。研究结果表明,Cr5钢的腐蚀速率为0.734 75 mm/a,Cr7钢的腐蚀速度为0.217 32 mm/a;腐蚀产物均由外层的FeCO₃晶体以及内层的非晶态FeCO₃和Cr(OH)₃组成;腐蚀初期,产物膜以原位形成和阳极溶解后逐渐沉积两种途径生成;产物完全覆盖基体后,离子在界面处的扩散后沉积成为产物膜生长的主要途径。     

Corrosion Behavior of Ferritic/Martensitic Steels CNS-I and Modified CNS-II in Supercritical Water

 The corrosion behaviors of CNS-I and modified CNS-II were evaluated by exposing to superciritical water (SCW) at 550 ℃ and 25 MPa with a dissolved oxygen concentration of 200×10-9 for up to 1000 h. Detailed corrosion results of these two alloys were provided, including the growth rate of the oxide scales, microstructure of the oxide scales, distribution of phases and alloying elements. The mass gains of CNS-I and modified CNS-II were 60973 mg/dm2 and 45942 mg/dm2, respectively, after exposing to SCW for 1000 h. A duplex oxide scale with an outer porous magnetite layer and an inner relatively dense magnetite/spinel-mixed layer was identified on CNS-I and modified CNS-II after the test. The oxide scales were rather porous at the beginning of the test but the porosity decreased with increase of the exposure duration. It was found that Fe was enriched in the outer oxide layer, Cr was enriched in the inner oxide layer and O existed at a very high concnetration in the whole oxide scale. Other alloying elements such as Mo, W, Mn were depleted from the outer oxide layer and showed slightly enrichment in the inner oxide layer. The distributution of Ni was different from other elements, it was enriched in the interface bewteen the base metal and the oxide scale and depleted in the outer and inner oxide layers.     

Corrosion Resistance on High Strength Bainitic Steel and 09CuPCrNi After Wet-Dry Cyclic Conditions

The accelerated wet-dry cyclic corrosion tests have been carried out of a high strength bainitic steel and 09CuPCrNi. The results indicated that the corrosion resistance of 09CuPCrNi was better than that of the bainitic steel based on the mass loss measurements. The morphology and composition of the rusting products have been investigated in order to realize the mechanism of rust formation on the two steels. The rust scale on both steels was composed of a dense inner layer and a loose outer layer. The inner layer grew thicker and denser as the test proceeding. Both of inner and outer layers were mainly composed of magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) with a small amount of lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) and akaganeite (β-FeOOH). The rust phase of γ-Fe2O3 was detected in a higher amount of the inner layer, resulting in a much denser inner layer. The inner rust layer of 09CuPCrNi being denser and thicker than that of the high strength bainitic steel was attributed to the alloying elements such as copper, chromium and phosphorus enriched in it. The protective inner rust layer plays an important role in the corrosion resistance of the steel.     

Influence of Chromium on Mechanical Properties and CO2/H2S Corrosion Behavior of P110 Grade Tube Steel

Four kinds of P110 grade tube steels containing different chromium contents were designed to probe the in- fluence of Cr on the properties of tube steel. The microstrueture, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the four kinds of P110 grade tube steels were studied deeply and thoroughly. The analysis of the mechanical properties indicated that tensile strength and yield strength of the steel plates were improved, while transverse and longitudinal impact energy and elongation first increased and then decreased when Cr content rose. The impact energy and elonga tion reached the peak when Cr content was 1 ~. Cr precipitates were found only in 3 ~ Cr steel, with （Nb, Ti）（C, N） or Nb（C,N） as the core of precipitation and then grew up. The corrosion experiments demonstrated that the scales on the four steels had a two layer structure under the corrosion of CO2 and H2 S. The outer layer was mainly com- posed of FeS or FeS1 x and the inner layer consisted of FeCOa and Cr compounds. Cr was rich in the inner layer and the Cr content of the inner layer increased with the Cr content in matrix. The enriched Cr enhanced the compactness of the scales, further hindering the diffusion of ions from liquid to the surface of steel, thus reducing corrosion rate.     

冷却水对H型钢表面氧化铁皮耐蚀性能的影响

采用光学显微镜对试验样品表面进行观察和分析,利用水质分析仪对氧化铁皮中残留的腐蚀性介质的浓度进行测定。通过极化曲线和电化学阻抗等电化学测试方法,研究了H型钢样品表面氧化铁皮的耐腐蚀性能变化。结果表明:水冷样品表面锈蚀严重,原因是其表层氧化铁皮中阴离子含量高,腐蚀介质易渗入氧化膜内层,导致耐蚀性能降低。     

09CuPTiRE钢耐候性能及腐蚀过程研究

通过浸渍干湿循环加速腐蚀试验 ,采用失重法测量年蚀率 ,SEM观察腐蚀产物的表面形貌和断面形貌 ,XRD测定腐蚀产物的物相组成 ,电化学阻抗谱仪测定锈层的交流阻抗谱 ,研究了0 9CuPTiRE耐候钢与Q2 3 5、鞍钢耐候钢和日本耐候钢三种参比钢的耐候性能及腐蚀过程 .结果表明 :0 9CuPTiRE钢的耐候性能显著优于Q2 3 5钢 ;Q2 3 5钢锈层为一层网状、疏松且有大量纵向交错裂纹和孔洞的锈层 ,而 0 9CuPTiRE及另两种耐候钢的锈层分内外两层 ,外层与Q2 3 5钢锈层相似 ,内层均匀、连续、致密 ;Q2 3 5钢的腐蚀过程受活化控制 ,即受控于金属离子进入溶液的速度 ,而0 9CuPTiRE钢的腐蚀过程既受活化控制 ,由于保护锈层的存在还受氧的扩散控制 .     

Nb对铸造双相耐热钢高温氧化的影响

摘要：为探究Nb对双相耐热钢高温抗氧化性能的影响规律，采用扫描电镜、能谱分析和XRD等分析测试手段研究了1000和1100℃下含Nb双相耐热钢高温氧化性能。结果表明，双相耐热钢氧化层结构为氧化外层(MnCr2O4)→氧化内层(Cr2O3)→Si的内氧化层；Nb的加入加速双相耐热钢的表层氧化膜生长，降低了其抗氧化性能；随着Nb含量的增加，表层基体内部形成富Nb相，促进Si的沿晶界氧化而抑制Si的界面氧化，Cr2O3层和Si的内氧化层厚度均增加。在对高温抗氧化性能要求高的情况下，本双相耐热钢中Nb的质量分数应控制在0.8%以下。     

退火时间对Zr- 4合金管材性能影响

采用高温拉伸试验、均匀腐蚀试验、金相显微组织观察试验和第二相粒子统计的方法研究了Zr- 4合金管材在不同退火时间后的高温拉伸性能、均匀腐蚀性能、金相组织及第二相粒子的变化规律。结果表明,退火时间在3.5~5.5 h变化时,Zr- 4合金管材的高温抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率的变化曲线趋势基本波动不大,均匀腐蚀结果略有降低,Zr- 4管材内中外层的晶粒度均为11级,无异常晶粒长大组织,第二相粒子尺寸范围逐渐增大。     

厚规格X70管线钢焊接接头盐雾腐蚀行为

通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜对厚规格X70管线钢焊接接头进行中性盐雾试验(NSS试验)腐蚀产物形貌进行观察,采用EDS、XRD分别对腐蚀产物进行面扫描和物相分析。结果表明,盐雾腐蚀过程先发生点蚀,点蚀逐步发展成全面腐蚀。Cl-引起点蚀,点蚀导致裂纹的产生。腐蚀产物成分均匀,主要由铁的氧化物、氯化物和氢氧化物组成。腐蚀速率随着腐蚀时间的延长变缓慢,腐蚀过程中Cl-易穿过外层疏松的腐蚀产物与基体发生反应,而最内层致密的腐蚀产物膜对腐蚀介质的进一步扩散起到阻挡作用,减缓了反应速率提高了耐蚀性。     

激光熔覆高熵合金涂层组织结构及强化机理研究进展

激光熔覆作为一种绿色、高效的表面处理技术,能够快速制备组织致密、晶粒细小,与基体呈高强度冶金 结合的涂层,是近年来高熵合金领域的研究热点之一。概述了现有高熵合金涂层材料体系和制备方法,重点讨论 了激光熔覆CoCrFeNi-M 典型过渡族高熵合金涂层的组织结构,及其耐磨、耐蚀、抗高温氧化等性能,并归纳了 涂层的强化机制和方法。CoCrFeNi-M 系合金涂层主要呈现FCC 固溶体结构,综合力学性能普遍较好,通过合金 体系调控,在细晶强化、固溶强化、第二相强化等作用下,能够获得硬度、耐磨性、耐蚀性等性能的进一步提升。 同时,概述了激光熔覆难熔高熵合金涂层的组织结构,耐磨、耐蚀、抗高温氧化性能及性能强化机制,该体系合 金涂层主要呈现BCC 固溶体结构,硬度较高但室温韧性普遍不足,具有较好的高温强度,在高温领域具有较好 的应用前景,但抗高温氧化性能普遍不足,仍需通过合金体系优化进一步提升。此外,总结了基于激光熔覆技术 开展的高熵合金涂层制备及研究中存在的问题和不足,并展望了未来的发展方向。     

690合金的Pb致应力腐蚀行为

采用反U型试样,对690合金样品在高压釜内进行了4400 h的应力腐蚀实验,以研究其在含Pb溶液中的应力腐蚀规律.利用扫描电镜和能谱仪等分析了690合金在含Pb高温高压水环境中的应力腐蚀行为.扫描电镜结果表明,690合金在测试溶液中发生穿晶型应力腐蚀开裂,裂纹内部堆积着腐蚀产物,并且Pb掺杂在其中.裂纹区域的元素面扫描表明,690合金表面生成的腐蚀产物膜内层富Cr、外层富Ni,腐蚀产物与基体膨胀系数的差异导致裂纹快速扩展.试样内外表面的腐蚀形貌差异明显,内壁呈晶格网状,外壁呈一定方向性腐蚀沟堑,主要是由于内外表面状态不同造成的.      

集输管道CO2/油/水环境中X65钢的腐蚀特征

通过高温高压动态反应釜实验模拟油田集输管道腐蚀环境,采用腐蚀失重、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和电化学分析等方法,研究了CO₂/油/水环境中X65钢的腐蚀行为. 结果表明:不同原油含水率条件下,X65钢CO₂腐蚀形态发生改变. 含水率较低(40%~50%)时,原油的浸润作用使X65钢表面发生均匀腐蚀,局部由于原油吸附不均匀出现点蚀特征;含水率在70%~80%之间时,原油对钢表面屏障作用减弱,生成的产物膜厚而疏松、局部脱落引发台地腐蚀;含水率为90%时,台地腐蚀破坏区域扩大,腐蚀加重. 原油可以明显改变腐蚀产物晶体颗粒大小、堆垛方式、产物膜结构以及化学成分. 在原油的缓蚀作用下,X65钢CO₂腐蚀过程的温度敏感点向低温段移动,出现在50℃左右,腐蚀速率降低区间变宽,X65钢耐蚀性增强.      

第2代单晶高温合金DD6的燃气热腐蚀行为

在高温度梯度真空定向凝固炉中制备了第2代单晶高温合金DD6。研究了DD6单晶高温合金900℃燃气热腐蚀行为,采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱分析仪对腐蚀产物进行了分析。结果表明,DD6单晶高温合金具有优异的耐燃气热腐蚀性能,900℃试验100h的腐蚀动力学曲线基本遵循抛物线规律。腐蚀100h后合金表面生成了紧密排列的不规则的棱形NiO。腐蚀产物分为两层,外层为氧化物,内层为硫化物。由于Al含量降低,紧靠腐蚀产物的基体,γ′相的立方化程度降低。     

Si含量对316H钢耐铅铋腐蚀性能的影响

316H钢具有较好的高温力学性能和耐腐蚀性能,是铅铋快堆主要候选结构材料.Si元素的加入会提升材料在铅铋中的耐蚀性,同时也会对组织产生影响.通过向316H钢中加入不同含量的Si元素,采用OM、SEM、XRD进行组织分析,对不同Si含量试验钢在550℃氧控的铅铋环境下进行动态腐蚀性能研究.结果表明,Si元素可有效提升31...     

Formation Characteristic of CO2 Corrosion Product Layer of P110 Steel Investigated by SEM and Electrochemical Techniques

 Formation characteristic of CO2 corrosion product layer on the surface of P110 steel was investigated in simulated oilfield environment using mass loss experiment, potentiodynamic polarization curve, impedance spectroscopy, and SEM micrograph analysis. Samples of different times up to 240 h were tested during exposure. Corrosion product was primarily composed of Fe(Ca,Mg)(CO3)2, which was distinguished by two layers. With an increase in the exposure time, the charge transfer resistance and polarization resistance increased progressively, the uniform corrosion rate decreased, and the corrosion reaction was controlled by the diffusion process instead of the activation process. All phenomena were attributed to the formation of the protective corrosion product layer. More compact and lower porosity of the layer made it more difficult to transfer and diffuse through the corrosion product layer for the charges and ions. Similar results were obtained by electrochemical test and mass loss experiment.     

300M超高强钢在中性盐雾环境中的腐蚀行为及机制

摘要：为了研究300M超高强钢在中性盐雾环境中的腐蚀行为及腐蚀机制，采用失重法，宏观、微观腐蚀形貌分析，三维表面轮廓分析及电化学分析的研究方法，来表征腐蚀实验现象并进行分析。结果表明：300M超高强钢在中性盐雾环境中的腐蚀产物为FeOOH、Fe2O3、Fe(OH)3和Fe3O4；腐蚀速率随着腐蚀时间逐渐降低，腐蚀后期（72h）腐蚀速率降低50%；腐蚀初期以点蚀为主，点蚀坑通过横向扩展，逐渐发展为后期的均匀腐蚀，腐蚀表面形貌呈沟壑状；外腐蚀层对基体的保护能力很弱，Cr元素在锈层靠近基体的一侧偏聚使内腐蚀层具有一定的抗腐蚀性。     

Influence of the microstructure on corrosion induced damage of WC-Co cemented carbides

ABSTRACT

The main goal of the present work is to study the influence of the microstructure on the corrosion behavior of cemented carbides WC-Co in two corrosive media. Corrosion kinetics were determined by immersion tests while the electrochemical evolution of the Surface was analyzed using impedance testing. Damage tolerance to corrosion was evaluated by assessing fracture strength on specimens previously subjected to corrosion. Results pointed out that for both grades the corrosion rate was higher in seawater, being more significant for the grade with a medium grain size. The corrosion phenomenon that took place in both media was caused by the oxidation reaction of cobalt. In seawater, the polarization resistance decreased for both grades whereas in mine water increased, due to the formation of a layer of corrosion products, which slowed down the cobalt dissolution process in Surface. In both media, a greater strength loss of the ultrafine grades was evidenced.     

铁素体-马氏体钢P92在超临界水中的腐蚀行为

研究了铁素体-马氏体钢P92在400~600℃、25 MPa 超临界水中的腐蚀行为.用 X 射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜-电子能谱(SEM-EDX)分析了氧化膜微观组织,对 P92在超临界水中的腐蚀动力学规律进行了分析.结果表明：温度对腐蚀速率有显著影响,600和500℃的腐蚀增重分别为400℃的5.32倍和1.59倍;400和500℃超临界水中腐蚀动力学遵循立方规律,600℃时近似遵循抛物线规律;氧化膜为双层结构,外层氧化膜为柱状 Fe3 O4相,内层氧化膜为 Fe3 O4和 FeCr2 O4相.     

核能用2.25Cr-1Mo钢水蒸气氧化行为

 为了研究核电用2.25Cr-1Mo钢的抗蒸汽氧化性能,在500 ℃、0.1 MPa水蒸气条件下,对2.25Cr-1Mo耐热钢进行了600 h的氧化试验,利用分析天平测定样品氧化增重,获得氧化动力学曲线,通过扫描电镜观察分析了氧化膜的形貌和结构,结合X射线衍射和能谱分析对氧化产物进行物相分析。试验结果表明,2.25Cr-1Mo耐热钢的氧化增重曲线符合立方规律;氧化膜为双层结构,氧化膜内层较为致密的主要物相为(Fe,Cr)₃O₄尖晶石,氧化膜外层疏松多孔主要物相为Fe₃O₄和少量Fe₂O₃;腐蚀速率测定结果表明,该材料具有较好的抗蒸汽氧化性能。