静电纺丝聚丙烯腈基杂化复合纤维制备及其应用研究现状

聚丙烯腈是用于静电纺丝的主要高分子聚合物原料,采用静电纺丝技术制备聚丙烯腈基杂化复合纤维,或再经预氧化炭化制备纳米碳纤维的研究已取得了许多有意义的成果.为了对静电纺丝制备聚丙烯腈基有机无机杂化复合微纳米纤维及其碳纤维更深入的了解,介绍了静电纺丝的相关基本原理和技术进展.对以聚丙烯腈为主要聚合物原料,添加或不添加其他有机...     

聚合物静电纺丝技术在催化材料制备中的应用研究进展

聚合物在溶液中或熔融状态下利用静电纺丝技术可以制备连续的纳米纤维。利用溶胶转化法、同轴电纺法、功能复合法等静电纺丝制备技术和后处理方法可以容易地实现多种催化剂在纳米尺寸上的掺杂和共混,制备纤维膜复合材料。纳米纤维催化复合材料具有催化活性高、稳定性好、协同效应明显等优点。文中对高压静电纺丝技术及其在催化材料中的应用国内外的研究进行综述。     

n-HA/PVA复合纳米纤维的静电纺丝制备

采用静电纺丝法制备了羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维。并用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜等分析测试手段对所制得纳米纤维的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,静电纺丝的纤维中聚乙烯醇的结晶度明显降低,羟基磷灰石与聚乙烯醇为物理复合;复合纤维随着羟基磷灰石含量增加,直径增大且分布均匀性降低;羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇质量比为2/8时,复合纤维形貌较佳。说明静电纺丝法制备羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维是可行的。     

n-HA/PVA复合纳米纤维的静电纺丝制备EI北大核心CSCD

采用静电纺丝法制备了羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维。并用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜等分析测试手段对所制得纳米纤维的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,静电纺丝的纤维中聚乙烯醇的结晶度明显降低,羟基磷灰石与聚乙烯醇为物理复合;复合纤维随着羟基磷灰石含量增加,直径增大且分布均匀性降低;羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇质量比为2/8时,复合纤维形貌较佳。说明静电纺丝法制备羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维是可行的。     

静电纺纳米纤维材料在环境领域中的应用研究进展

近年来,通过静电纺丝技术制备纳米纤维材料已成为材料科学领域最重要的学术与技术活动之一。静电纺丝以其制造装置简单、纺丝成本低廉、可纺物质种类繁多、工艺可控等优点,已成为有效制备纳米纤维材料的主要途径之一。目前,利用静电纺丝技术不仅能实现多种纳米纤维材料包括聚合物、无机物、聚合物/聚合物复合物、聚合物/无机物复合物以及无机物/无机物复合物等的构筑,而且可以实现纤维多级粗糙结构、堆积密度、纤维直径、比表面积、连通性等结构特性的精细调控。各种各样的静电纺纳米纤维材料经过发展、研究和商业化,已被广泛应用于环境领域的各个方面,为许多环保难题诸如有害物质监控、污水处理、水体浮油处理等的解决提供了新的方向。结合东华大学纤维材料改性国家重点实验室近期在静电纺纳米纤维领域的研究成果,简要介绍了静电纺纤维材料的研究背景、制备技术及其在环境领域中的应用研究进展。     

两种有机黏土与PA6复合纳米纤维的结构与热稳定性的比较

通过简单的溶液混合及静电纺丝的方法制备了含有两种不同有机黏土的聚酰胺6(PA6)复合纳米纤维.首先将有机黏土分散在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,PA6溶解于甲酸中,然后将两种溶液进行充分混合后制得静电纺丝液,最后通过静电纺丝来制备PA6复合纳米纤维.通过XRD、XPS、SEM和TGA分别对纯PA6纳米纤维和两种复合纳米纤维的结构、形貌和热稳定性进行表征与比较.XRD和XPS的研究结果表明,黏土层在复合纳米纤维中分散均匀.TGA的分析表明,由于有机黏土的隔热作用,PA6复合纳米纤维在700℃时的热稳定性和残余量都比PA6纳米纤维的高.并且,硅酸盐晶格上铁离子的作用使得PA/Fe-OMT复合纳米纤维的残余量也明显高于PA/Na-OMT复合纳米纤维.     

聚丙烯腈电纺纤维材料的研究进展

本文综述了静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈纤维材料的研究进展,包括聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的制备条件、金属氧化物涂覆聚丙烯腈纳米纤维、聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的碳化、聚丙烯腈/Ag纳米粒子以及聚丙烯腈/碳纳米管复合静电纺丝,对系列丙烯腈共聚物的静电纺丝研究也进行了总结.     

静电纺丝技术在处理重金属离子方面的研究进展

纳米材料作为一种新兴的材料近年来越来越多地用于重金属离子的去除,而静电纺丝技术是制备纳米纤维最有效最直接的方法.静电纺丝纳米纤维具有纤维直径小、比表面积大、孔隙率高、吸附性能强等优点.主要介绍了静电纺丝纳米纤维膜近年来在处理重金属离子方面的一些研究进展,通过对纳米纤维进行官能团改性、加入无机物等方法制备复合纳米纤维膜已经成为近几年研究的热点.     

静电纺丝聚乳酸/磷酸钙复合纳米纤维的力学性能

运用静电纺丝技术制备了聚乳酸纳米纤维和聚乳酸/磷酸钙复合纳米纤维.对两种电纺纳米纤维的表面形态进行了扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的表征及单轴拉力测试表征.讨论了聚乳酸纳米纤维和聚乳酸/磷酸钙复合纳米纤维的力学性能.结果表明掺加了磷酸钙的聚乳酸纳米纤维的力学性能得到明显提高.     

静电纺丝法制备纳米或亚微米纤维的研究进展

静电纺丝法是一种制造纳米或亚微米纤维的技术,综述了静电纺丝工艺的进展以及这种纺丝方法纺制纳米或亚微米纤维的形成机理和工艺过程,结合静电纺丝法的最新进展列举了一些纳米或亚微米纤维的研究成果,展望了静电纺丝技术的应用前景.     

尼龙6/聚乙烯醇超细纤维无纺布的制备与表征

静电纺丝是一种有效制备超细纤维的重要方法。本文应用同轴静电纺丝装置制备出外层为尼龙6(N y lon 6),内层为聚乙烯醇的壳-芯结构的复合功能型无纺布。通过TEM、SEM、红外光谱、力学性能表征探讨了它们的性能,同时将其应用到棉布衬里,测试其透湿性能。以期用于过滤膜、防护服及医疗纺织材料等领域。     

Study on morphology and characterization of poly(mphenylene isophtalamide)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite nanofibers by electrospinning

Electrospinning technique is the main method of preparing polymer nanofiber simply, directly and continuously at present. In this work, electrospinning blend solution was prepared by in-situ polymerization using acid-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), m-phenylenediamine (MPD) and isophthaloyl chloride (IPC). And then composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning. MWNTs played an important role in nanofiber's properties. The effects of MWNTs on the morphology and characterization of the MWNTs/PMIA composite nanofibers were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to characterize the MWNTs/PMIA nanofibers morphology and properties. The experimental results indicated that the nanofibers diameter decreased and solution dynamic viscosity increased with increasing MWNTs contents. XRD data demonstrated that PMIA composite nanofibers had the same crystal type as the pure PMIA nanofiber, and crystallinity was improved with increasing MWNTs loading. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to confirm MWNTs aligned along the axis of composite nanofibers.     

Characterization and mechanical properties of electrospun cellulose acetate/graphene oxide composite nanofibers

Graphene oxide incorporated cellulose acetate composite nanofibers were prepared via an electrospinning technique. The weight percentage of graphene oxide varied from 0.05 to 1.5 wt.% in the polymer solution. The morphologies and crystal structures of the resultant composite nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The specific interaction was demonstrated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Tensile test was performed to measure the mechanical properties of the prepared cellulose acetate/graphene oxide composite nanofibers. 1.5 wt.% cellulose acetate/graphene oxide composite nanofibers showed the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus.     

Electrospun single-walled carbon nanotube/polyvinyl alcohol composite nanofibers: structure-property relationships

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers and single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)/PVA composite nanofibers have been produced by electrospinning. An apparent increase in the PVA crystallinity with a concomitant change in its main crystalline phase and a reduction in the crystalline domain size were observed in the SWNT/PVA composite nanofibers, indicating the occurrence of a SWNT-induced nucleation crystallization of the PVA phase. Both the pure PVA and SWNT/PVA composite nanofibers were subjected to the following post-electrospinning treatments: (i) soaking in methanol to increase the PVA crystallinity, and (ii) cross-linking with glutaric dialdehyde to control the PVA morphology. Effects of the PVA morphology on the tensile properties of the resultant electrospun nanofibers were examined. Dynamic mechanical thermal analyses of both pure PVA and SWNT/PVA composite electrospun nanofibers indicated that SWNT-polymer interaction facilitated the formation of crystalline domains, which can be further enhanced by soaking the nanofiber in methanol and/or cross-linking the polymer with glutaric dialdehyde.     

Investigation into hybrid configuration in electrospun nafion/silica nanofiber

Organic–inorganic composites with nanostructure could exhibit a diverse range of multi-functional properties. In this study, nafion/silica composite nanofibers were successfully fabricated by using electrospinning technique with nafion coated surface. The tunable wettability of composite nanofiber was controlled by addition of nafion or flame-treatment. The thermal stability of nafion has been improved as it hybridized with silica nanofiber. Interestingly, the hydrophobic behavior still existed after heat-treatment with 500 °C for 2 h. The fire resistant property of composite nanofiber has been characterized. The effect of nafion polymer and post treatment on the morphology and wettability of composite nanofiber was evaluated. The mechanism of formation of nafion/silica composite nanofiber during electrospinning process has been proposed. The results of this study improve the understanding of the structure rearrange in organic–inorganic sols during high voltage field.     

Prediction of nanofiber diameter and optimization of electrospinning process via response surface methodology

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to obtain a more systematic understanding of the electrospinning conditions of polyamide 6 solutions. This method was used to establish a quantitative basis for the relationships between the electrospinning parameters such as applied electric field, the polymer concentrations, the rate of injection and nozzle-collector distance with the diameter of the produced nanofibers, and to predict the optimum conditions for electrospinning to produce nanofibers with controlled size. A response function was empirically determined by central composite design (CCD) using fiber diameter as an observed response and the electrospinning parameters as variables. The relationship between the response and the variables is visualized by a response surface or contour plots. The study of the graphical representations of contour plots, prediction formulas and prediction profiler can predict the operating conditions necessary to generate nanofibers with the desired diameters.     

Recent advances in polymer nanofibers

Polymer nanofibers, with diameters in the nanometer range, possess larger surface areas per unit mass and permit easier addition of surface functionalities compared with polymer microfibers. Hence, polymer nanofiber mats are being considered for use as filters, scaffolds for tissue engineering, protective clothing, reinforcement in composite materials and sensors. Although some of these applications are in the development stage, a few have been commercially exploited. Research on polymer nanofibers, nanofiber mats, and their applications has seen a remarkable growth over the last few years. However, a review of the various issues related to these nanofibers has not been published. This article presents a review of the recent trends in the processing methods and characterization techniques for polymer nanofibers. Research challenges and future trends in the processing and characterization of polymer nanofibers are discussed in the article. Five processing methods have been examined in this review, namely drawing, template synthesis, phase separation, self-assembly, and electrospinning. Among these methods, electrospinning has been used to convert a large variety of polymers into nanofibers and may be the only process that has the potential for mass production. The structure, morphology, and geometry of nanofibers and the porosity and tensile properties of nanofiber mats can be investigated through conventional techniques and instruments. But new techniques are needed for the mechanical testing of single nanofibers. Although measurement of mechanical properties such as tensile modulus, strength, and elongation is difficult because of the small diameters of the fibers, these properties are crucial for the proper use of nanofiber mats.     

Electrospinning carbon nanotube polymer composite nanofibers

The unique and exceptional physical properties of carbon nanotubes have inspired their use as a filler within a polymeric matrix to produce carbon nanotube polymer composites with enhanced mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. A powerful method of synthesising nanofibers comprising these polymer composites is electrospinning, which utilises an applied electric stress to draw out a thin nanometer-dimension fiber from the tip of a sharp conical meniscus. The focussing of the flow due to converging streamlines at the cone vertex then ensures alignment of the carbon nanotubes along the fiber axis, thus enabling the anisotropic properties of the nanotubes to be exploited. We consider the work that has been carried out to date on various aspects encompassing preprocessing, synthesis and characterisation of these electrospun polymer composite nanofibers as well as the governing mechanisms and associated properties of such fibers. Particular attention is also dedicated to the theoretical modelling of these fiber systems, in particular to the electrohydrodynamic modelling of electrospinning polymer jets.     

Preparation of the crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol)/blocked isocyanate prepolymers nanofibers with hydrolyzed products of Scutellariae Radix

We report on the preparation and characterizations of Scutellariae Radix (SR) blended poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/blocked isocyanate prepolymer (BIP) composite nanofibers via electrospinning process. In order to improve the biocompatibility properties, SR biological macromolecules were blended in PVA/BIP composite nanofibers. SEM images revealed that the composite nanofibers were well-oriented and had good incorporation of SR. Ultraviolet (UV) absorbance spectra revealed that the maximum measured absorbance intensities were linearly increased with increasing SR in the composite nanofibers. TEM images revealed a peculiar morphology by the additive SR. This additive SR possesses a lower molecular component which was exhibited at the outside of the nanofibers structure due to strong applied electric field during electrospinning process. These results indicated that the PVA/BIP blended SR composite nanofibers might be utilized for many biomedical applications including control release and wound dressing.     

Electrospun composite nanofibers for tissue regeneration

Nanotechnology assists in the development of biocomposite nanofibrous scaffolds that can react positively to changes in the immediate cellular environment and stimulate specific regenerative events at molecular level to generate healthy tissues. Recently, electrospinning has gained huge momentum with greater accessibility of fabrication of composite, controlled and oriented nanofibers with sufficient porosity required for effective tissue regeneration. Current developments include the fabrication of nanofibrous scaffolds which can provide chemical, mechanical and biological signals to respond to the environmental stimuli. These nanofibers are fabricated by simple coating, blending of polymers/bioactive molecules or by surface modification methods. For obtaining optimized surface functionality, with specially designed architectures for the nanofibers (multi-layered, core-shell, aligned), electrospinning process has been modified and simultaneous 'electrospin-electrospraying' process is one of the most lately introduced technique in this perspective. Properties such as porosity, biodegradation and mechanical properties of composite electrospun nanofibers along with their utilization for nerve, cardiac, bone, skin, vascular and cartilage tissue engineering are discussed in this review. In order to locally deliver electrical stimulus and provide a physical template for cell proliferations, and to gain an external control on the level and duration of stimulation, electrically conducting polymeric nanofibers are also fabricated by electrospinning. Electrospun polypyrrole (PPy) and polyaniline (PAN) based scaffolds are the most extensively studied composite substrates for nerve and cardiac tissue engineering with or without electrical stimulations, and are discussed here. However, the major focus of ongoing and future research in regenerative medicine is to effectively exploit the pluripotent potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) differentiation on composite nanofibrous scaffolds for repair of organs.