Surfactant‐modified feldspar: Isotherm,kinetic, and thermodynamic of binary system dye removal

In this article, surface modification of feldspar using hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMA) and its dye removal ability in single and binary systems was studied. Acid Black 1 (AB1) and Acid Red 14 (AR14) were used as model dyes. The monocomponent Langmuir isotherm model was applied to experimental data and the isotherm constants were calculated for both dyes. The monolayer coverage capacities of surfactant‐modified feldspar (HDTMA‐feldspar) for AB1 and AR14 dyes in single solution system were found as 6.369 mg/g and 3.984 mg/g, respectively. It was observed that the equilibrium uptake amounts of AB1 and AR14 dye in binary mixture onto sorbent decreased with increasing concentrations of the other dye resulting in their antagonistic effect. Equilibrium adsorption for binary systems was analyzed by using the Extended Langmuir and Jain and Snoeyink Modified Extended Langmuir models. The rate of kinetic processes of single and binary dye systems onto adsorbent was described by using two kinetics adsorption models. The pseudo‐second‐order model was the best choice among the kinetic models to describe the adsorption behavior of single and binary dyes onto HDTMA‐feldspar. Thermodynamic parameters showed that dye adsorption on HDTMA‐feldspar were exothermic and unspontaneous in nature. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

CTAB改性铁柱撑膨润土对苯酚的吸附

为了研究膨润土对含酚废水的吸附性能,采用羟基铁柱撑剂对钠基膨润土进行预改性,随后用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性,制备CTAB改性铁柱撑膨润土。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)和场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)对改性膨润土的结构和性能进行表征。考察了吸附剂用量、吸附时间、吸附温度、苯酚初始浓度和pH值对吸附性能的影响,研究了吸附热力学和吸附动力学规律。结果表明,CTAB进入铁柱撑膨润土的层间和表面。当吸附剂用量为3 g·L^-1、吸附时间为60 min、吸附温度为25 ℃、苯酚初始浓度为300 mg·L^-1、苯酚初始pH值为7时,改性膨润土吸附量达到29.7 mg·g^-1,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Freundlich热力学模型。     

Organo-inorganic bentonite for simultaneous adsorption of Acid Orange 10 and lead ions

Partial substitution of the interlayer cations of a local bentonite (Bogovina) by hexadecyl trimethylammonium ions (HDTMA) was performed to prepare adsorbents able to simultaneously adsorb toxic metal cations and organic pollutants.Acid Orange10 adsorption increased with increasing HDTMA addition, while the adsorption of Pb²⁺ decreased with increasing organophilicity. The adsorption of the dye and Pb²⁺ and their mixture onto Na-rich bentonite and HDTMA-bentonites, regardless of adsorbents' organophilicity, obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model.     

有机磁性膨润土对环丙沙星和四环素的吸附性能

为了提高磁性膨润土（magnetic bentonite,MB）的磁分离性能,达到高效去除抗生素的目的,本文采用羧甲基纤维素（sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC）和壳聚糖（chitosan,CS）相互作用所生成的有机共聚膜（chitosan/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose copolymer film,CC）对MB进行联合修饰,制得双有机修饰的有机磁性膨润土（magnetic bentonite/carboxymethyl cellulose-chitosen composite,MB-CC）,同时进行了MB-CC对环丙沙星（ciprofloxacin,CIP）和四环素（tetracyclines,TC）的吸附性能研究。表征结果表明,磁性Fe₃O₄纳米粒子和有机共聚膜CC成功地固定在MB上;经过CC改性,提高了Fe₃O₄的稳定性和对CIP及TC的去除性能。吸附结果表明,在pH为5、温度为25℃的条件下,MB-CC对CIP和TC的吸附容量（182mg/g和189mg/g）高于MB对CIP和TC的吸附容量（147mg/g和136mg/g）。经过5次循环,MB-CC对CIP和TC的去除率仍然保持在90%以上。与Freundlich模型相比较而言,CIP和TC在MB和MB-CC上的吸附行为更加符合Langmuir模型;吸附过程可由准二级动力学模型描述,说明吸附速率主要由化学吸附控制。MB-CC对CIP和TC的吸附机理主要包括孔扩散、阳离子交换和静电吸引作用。综上所述,MB-CC具有合成简单、高效等优点,是一种很有前途的抗生素废水去除方法。     

有机改性膨润土用于含铬废水处理和 铬污染土壤修复的探究

用有机改性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）对钠基膨润土进行改性,研究了钠基膨润土改性前后对废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附效果。探讨了吸附时间、溶液pH、膨润土投加量、吸附温度等对吸附效果的影响。实验得到钠基膨润土的最佳吸附条件：40 min、pH=7.0、15 g/L、20～30 ℃;改性膨润土的最佳吸附条件：40 min、pH=6.0、10 g/L、30 ℃。通过有机改性,吸附效果从50%显著提升至95%以上,表明改性膨润土对废水中Cr（Ⅵ）具有更好的去除效果。实验进一步探讨了改性膨润土对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附规律,改性膨润土对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附行为符合Langmuir方程,还初步考察了改性膨润土应用于铬污染土壤的修复效果,对铬污染土壤的修复效果明显优于钠基膨润土,去除率达90%以上。     

The adsorption behaviors of the multiple stimulus‐responsive poly(ethylene glycol)‐based hydrogels for removal of RhB dye

In this article, the multiple stimulus‐responsive organic/inorganic hybrid hydrogels by combining poly(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylate‐co‐oligo (ethylene glycol) methacrylate‐co‐acrylic acid) (PMOA) hydrogel with magnetic attapulgite/Fe₃O₄ (AT‐Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles were applied to the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye from wastewater. The adsorption of RhB by the hydrogels was carried out under different external environmental, such as pH, temperature and magnetic‐field. The results showed that the hydrogels still possessed temperature, pH and magnetic‐field sensitivity during the adsorption process, which indicated that the adsorption could be controlled by the hydrogels responsive. The dye adsorption had a significant increment at 30°C and the removal of RhB could reach to over 95%. Besides, the low pH values were also favorable for the RhB adsorption, the removal was over 90% at pH = 4.56. Kinetic studies showed that the pseudo‐second order kinetic model well fitted the experimental data. The rate constant of adsorption was 0.0379 g/mg min. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to the equilibrium adsorption for describing the interaction between sorbent and adsorbate. The maximum K_L and K_F were 2.23 (L/g) and 0.87 (mg/g) at 30°C, respectively. Under the external magnetic‐field, the adsorption rate significantly increased within 250 min and the hydrogels could be separated easily from wastewater. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42244.     

改性膨润土处理低浓度甲醛废水的研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为改性剂,对钠基膨润土进行活化改性,考察了改性膨润土加入量、吸附时间、吸附温度以及pH值等因素对改性膨润土去除低浓度甲醛模拟废水的影响.结果表明,有机改性膨润土对甲醛模拟废水有较好的去除效果,当改性膨润土用量为4g· (100mL)-1,吸附温度为30℃,吸附时间为30min,pH值为中性时,甲醛...     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性粉煤灰吸附酸性大红染料

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（HDTMA）对粉煤灰（FA）进行改性,并使用改性后粉煤灰（MFA）吸附酸性大红染料废水。考察了pH值,改性灰的投加量和搅拌时间对酸性大红脱色率的影响,确定了最佳的吸附条件：投加量为0.4 g/50 mL,pH值为2,搅拌时间为90 min。在此条件下,对50 mL浓度为50 mg/L模拟染料废水脱色率最高,可达98%。改性灰对酸性大红染料的吸附规律可用Langmuir吸附等温式描述。通过对粉煤灰和改性灰的比表面积和扫描电镜等表征测定分析可知,HDTMA的加入增大了粉煤灰的比表面积,从而提高吸附性能。     

有机皂土的双硫腙修饰及其对水中铅离子的吸附行为

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）对皂土进行改性,用双硫腙对其表面进行修饰,制备了廉价的新型固态吸附剂。用傅立叶变换红外光谱进行了表征。以火焰原子吸收为检测手段,研究了该吸附剂对水中铅离子的吸附行为,计算了吸附过程的焓变(△H),吉布斯自由能变(△G)和熵变(△S)等热力学常数和吸附活化能。结果表明,用CTMAB改性后,双硫腙可牢固的负载于皂土上,制备的固态吸附剂对水中铅离子具有较强的吸附能力。吸附量受介质的pH值,温度和吸附时间的影响。其吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温模型和HO准二级动力学方程式。该吸附反应为自发的吸热过程。     

改性膨润土对废水中Cd(II)的吸附特征及吸附动力学研究

为探讨改性膨润土对Cd(II)的吸附特征及吸附动力学机制,通过吸附实验探讨了pH值、初始浓度和吸附时间对改性膨润土吸附Cd(II)的影响。结果表明,盐酸改性膨润土对Cd(II)的去除率表现为随溶液pH值升高而升高,而氢氧化钠改性膨润土、膨润土与十二烷基磺酸钠改性膨润土的去除率分别在pH=6和7时达到最大值。膨润土及改性膨润土对Cd(II)的去除率随初始浓度的增加而降低,吸附量随平衡浓度增加而增大,并趋向平稳,吸附符合Langmuir方程,吸附为单分子层吸附。膨润土及改性膨润土的吸附反应在240 min内基本达到平衡,吸附动力学分析表明吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型,吸附过程以化学吸附为主,膨润土及改性膨润土的吸附速率大小依次为K2HCl-B＞K2NaOH-B＞K2B＞K2SDS-B,液膜扩散与颗粒内扩散过程均为控速步骤。该研究可为改性膨润土处理含镉废水和修复镉污染土壤提供参考。     

Feldspar/titanium dioxide/chitosan as a biophotocatalyst hybrid for the removal of organic dyes from aquatic phases

Feldspar/titanium dioxide/chitosan hybrid, a photoactive biocompatible adsorbent for anionic dyes, was synthesized, characterized, and successfully tested. The adsorbent characterization, pH role, adsorbent dose effect, equilibrium data, kinetic plats, and thermodynamic parameters are reported. The point of zero charge for the hybrid was measured to be 8.3, and the most favorable pH range for the adsorption process was found to be below this pH value. The adsorption equilibrium study demonstrated that the Freundlich model was best fitted to the experimental data. Without UV light exposure, the prepared adsorbent adsorbed 72 mg of Acid Black 1 (AB1)/g of sorbent (86% removal) from a 100‐mL solution with an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L, whereas UV irradiation resulted in an increase in the elimination of AB1 dye (97% removal). The kinetic data was depicted well by the pseudo‐second‐order model. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the reaction between the hybrid and the dye was exothermic and also spontaneous at lower temperatures. In the batch desorption process, several aqueous solutions adjusted to different pH values were tested, and the best desorption performance (90% desorption) was achieved at pH 11. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40247.     

Sorption studies of neutral red dye onto poly(acrylamide‐co‐maleic acid)‐kaolinite/montmorillonite composites

In this study, a procedure for preparation of organic–inorganic composite was established. The procedure was based on gamma irradiation polymerization of polyacrylamide (PAAm) in presence of maleic acid (MA), clay minerals [kaolinite (K)], or [montmorillonite (M)] and methylenebisacrylamide (NMBA) as a crosslinker. The functionality of the produced adsorbents were assayed using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, and XRD and were evaluated for sorption of neutral red (NR) dye from aqueous solutions via batch sorption experiments. Various factors influencing the sorption behavior (e.g., pH, sorbent dose, and dye concentration) were studied. The sorption data fitted well with Langmuir isotherm model. Batch kinetic experiments showed that the adsorption followed pseudosecond‐order kinetic model with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

新型吸附剂在染料废水处理中的应用

以聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)和钠基膨润土为原料,制备了PDMDAAC-膨润土,并与膨润土的其他改性方法进行比较,通过不同改性膨润土对活性翠蓝KN-G和活性嫩黄K-4G染料废水进行吸附,发现PDMDAAC-膨润土的吸附效果要优于其它改性方法.对实际染料废水处理的研究表明,在相同条件下,PDMDAAC-膨润土的吸附性能要略优于活性炭,PDMDAAC-膨润土在深度处理工业废水方面有广阔的前景.     

Modelling of adsorption of textile dyes over multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Equilibrium and kinetic

The paper deals with the application of multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to the adsorption of dyes from wastewater. Textile dyes are dangerous and diffused pollutant in wastewater, and the paper results confirmed the good adsorption ability of CNTs, with respect to classic active carbon, even for different dye types. The effect of surface treatments of CNTs was primarily investigated, revealing that neither the presence of residual catalyst nor common surface treatment (oxidation) affects the CNT's performances. Therefore less expensive nonpurified CNTs were assessed as good and economically convenient alternative for the process. In order to gain in generality in adsorption kinetic modelling, the parameters of the "best fitting" pseudo-second order model have been correlated to the main process variables (the dye initial concentration and the specific mass of CNTs.) setting-up a predictive kinetic model useful design new application of these materials in currently operating industrial operations for adsorption. In addition, isothermal data were used to screen all the relevant adsorption isotherms models and the Temkin model was confirmed as the more effective to accurately fit equilibrium data for any of the considered different dye types.     

Surfactant-modified bentonite as adsorbent for the removal of humic acid from wastewaters

The effectiveness of surfactant-modified bentonite (SMB) in removing humic acid (HA) from wastewaters was evaluated. Hexadecyl trimethylammonium (HDTMA) chloride was used to modify the surface of the clay mineral. The SMB exhibits very high adsorption potential for HA and at pH 3.0 more than 99% removal was achieved from an initial concentration of 25 μmol/L. The experimental kinetic data were analyzed using the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Adsorption occurs through film diffusion at low as well as at higher concentrations and temperatures. The adsorption of HA using SMB was an exothermic process. HA adsorption was found to decrease with increase of ionic strength due to the formation of outer-sphere surface complexes on SMB. The equilibrium isotherms were determined and data were analysed using the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity, Q° was 73.52 μmol/g with binding constant, b = 0.155 L/μmol at 30 °C and pH 3.0. The adsorbent was suitable for repeated use (more than 3 cycles) without any noticeable loss of capacity.     

Adsorption of reactive dyes from aqueous solutions by layered double hydroxides

BACKGROUND: Water‐soluble reactive azo dyes are the most problematic dye house effluents, as they tend to pass through conventional treatment systems unaffected. The release of these compounds into the environment is undesirable and their removal becomes environmentally important. In this work, synthesis, characterization and sorption properties of hydotalcite‐like compounds (Mg/Al and Mg/Fe), calcined and uncalcined, were investigated for the removal of the reactive azo dye Remazol Red 3BS. RESULTS: The calcined compounds present higher surface area than the uncalcined. The optimum pH for sorption was found to be 6. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that the sorption is spontaneous and endothermic. Equilibrium data were fitted by a Langmuir model, and kinetic data by a second‐order model. The calcined Mg/Al compound showed the highest sorption capacity, at 0.125 mmol g^?1. Regeneration of dye loaded derivative is achieved using the surfactant SDS. CONCLUSIONS: The prepared hydotalcite‐like compounds and especially calcined Mg‐Al exhibited significant adsorption capacity, kinetics, and regenerative ability. Its potential applicability as sorbent should be tested in a large‐scale implementation. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

膨润土的改性及处理印染废水的研究

通过高温焙烧法、硫酸酸化法和有机季铵盐（十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,简称CTMAB）改性法分别对膨润土进行改性,并对活性翠蓝KN-G染料模拟废水进行静态吸附实验,发现三种改性土对活性翠蓝的吸附均符合弗伦德利希型,并得到了各自的吸附等温线和吸附公式以及各种改性方法的最佳条件.通过在各自最佳条件下比较三种改性土的吸附性能,发现有机膨润土的吸附效果要优于其他改性方法.     

Polyurethane–attapulgite porous material: Preparation,characterization, and application for dye adsorption

A series of polyurethane–attapulgite porous (HATT/PU) materials were prepared from polyether polyol (NJ‐330), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), acid activated attapulgite (HATT), sodium bicarbonate as foaming agent, dibutylbis (lauroyloxy) tin (DBLT) as catalyst and silicon oil as stabilizer by foaming technique. The materials were characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM. The polyurethane–attapulgite porous material as adsorbent was applied to malachite green (MG) dye wastewater treatment. Effects of attapulgite content, time, temperature, pH, and adsorbent dosage have been studied. The experimental results show that the maximum adsorption efficiency occurred at an attapulgite content of 6.0%, a time of 2.5 h, a temperature of 35°C, a pH >5 and a HATT/PU dosage of 40 mg/mL. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of the dye have been measured experimentally. Results were analyzed by the Freundlich and Langmuir equation and the characteristics parameters for each adsorption isotherm were determined: Gibb's free energy (ΔG°), change in enthalpy (ΔH°) and change in entropy (ΔS°) have been calculated. The results indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneously an endothermic reaction and kinetically proceeded according to the pseudo‐second‐order model. The experimental results suggest that the prepared polyurethane–attapulgite porous materials have potential application for the wastewater treatment containing MG dye. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

超声法制备纳米有机膨润土及其吸附性能研究

在超声作用下，以十四烷基三甲基溴化铵对膨润土进行改性，制备了纳米有机膨润土。通过红外光谱（FTIR）、X-射线衍射（XRD）对纳米有机膨润土进行表征。结果表明有机改性剂进入膨润土层间，层间距由L38nm增大为2．10nm。实验测试了该材料对品绿的吸附性能，结果显示在25℃，对品绿的最大理论吸附量为333．97mg／g，高于原土的最大理论吸附量243．21mg／g。用不同模型对吸附等温线及动力学数据进行了拟合，结果表明准二级动力学方程所得参数更为合理，更符合实验数据，等温吸附平衡更符合Langmuir模型。