燃料电池用高温质子交换膜的研究进展

燃料电池是一种高效的清洁能源技术,可缓解当今社会面临的能源和环境问题。质子交换膜燃料电池是一种重要的燃料电池类型,质子交换膜是其关键组件,起到传导质子、隔绝电子和阴阳两极的反应物的作用。质子交换膜燃料电池在低温下存在许多难以解决的问题,升高工作温度可以解决这些问题。因此需要开发高温低湿度下工作的膜材料。本文综述了高温质子交换膜的主要类型、制备与改性方法和质子传导机制,指出质子导体掺杂的聚苯并咪唑(PBI)类膜材料在高温低湿度下作为质子交换膜适用的巨大潜力,并探讨了复合PBI高温质子交换膜的制备、掺杂的质子导体类型和性能提升方法。最后本文归纳了高温质子交换膜面临的挑战,并指出了该类材料未来的研究方向,如设计合成新型质子导体、改善PBI抗氧化稳定性、调控膜微观结构来提升性能和开发新型聚合物电解质。     

燃料电池用质子电解质的研究进展

目前,作为燃料电池的重要部件的质子电解质主要分为有机、有机一无机复合、无机三类.有机质子电解质接近商业化程度,但其价格昂贵,中温导电性差;复合质子电解质是以前者为基础掺杂增湿组分,使燃料电池性能有一定程度的增强;提高工作温度是解决燃料电池中催化荆CO中毒和提高燃料转化效率的有效办法,因此能在中高温环境中工作的无机质子导电材料已成为研究热点之一.     

质子导体燃料电池阴极材料的研究及发展概述

能源危机和环境污染是全世界在可持续发展道路中所面临的难题。固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)具有高能量转化效率和低污染排放,被认为是未来能源经济的基石。其中,以质子导体作为电解质的固体氧化物燃料电池(H-SOFC)由于具有高燃料利用率、高理论电动势、高离子迁移数以及低传导活化能,因而备受关注。然而,与氧离子导体固体氧化物燃料电池(O-SOFC)相比,H-SOFC的材料选择和理论体系还处于初级阶段,尤其是H-SOFC的阴极。在H-SOFC中,氢气在阳极被氧化,形成质子,通过电解质迁移到阴极,而后与氧进行电极反应生成水,其阴极的电极过程比O-SOFC更为复杂。寻找高性能的阴极材料和探索H-SOFC中的阴极反应机理,对于H-SOFC的发展具有重要的意义。围绕质子导体阴极材料的发展进行深入调研,着重阐述和总结了不同传导类型的阴极材料的电化学行为及其反应模型,为H-SOFC阴极材料的发展和应用提供了一种思路。     

MO.P2O5玻璃的结构与性能

主要介绍了质子导体ＭＯ．Ｐ２Ｏ５玻璃，从其结构、化学稳定性和导电原理等方面总结了前人所做的工作．ＭＯ．Ｐ２Ｏ５玻璃系统化学性较好，在其中注入Ｈ＾＋使某些成分的玻璃具有快质子导电率。对ＭＯ．Ｐ２Ｏ５系统进行深入研究，以寻找人真实用的玻璃，可望发展新型无机室温快质子导电电解质，为发展室温燃料电池打下良好基础。     

质子导体材料的研究进展

质子导电性固体电解质(简称质子导体)具有广泛的应用前景,近年来成为研究的热点,文中介绍了有关质子导体材料的的研究进展,其中包括有机和无机质子导体材料的发展现状与存在的问题,并展望了质子导体材料的发展前景。     

陶瓷膜燃料电池技术的研究与进展

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)是世界公认的高效、便捷和对环境友好的绿色能源。探索新型的高电导率电解质材料和发展薄膜化制备技术,研制高性能的中温陶瓷膜燃料电池以克服传统SOFC的高温操作带来的技术困难,近几年来取得了突破性进展,本文简要介绍了这一历史性进程,特别是作者实验室的工作进展,提出了我国陶瓷膜燃料电池产业化的构想,展望了这种先进能源的发展前景。     

我国固体氧化物燃料电池中温研究取得突破

我国固体氧化物燃料电池研究已经取得突破性进展 ,处于国际领先地位。承担我国“863”计划固体氧化物燃料电池 ( SOFC)课题研究的中国科技大学固体化学和无机膜研究所经过对新型中温固体氧化物陶瓷膜燃料电池的长期研制 ,把陶瓷膜制备技术开拓应用于 SOFC的制作 ,把通常 SOFC的高温( 1 0 0 0～ 90 0℃ )拓延到中温阶段 ( 70 0～ 5 0 0℃ )。目前这项研究已经申报了 1 1项国家发明专利 ,其中 4项已获授权。据介绍 ,目前中国科技大学无机膜研究所已经研制成功的新型中温陶瓷膜燃料电池 ,是一种以陶瓷膜作为电解质的燃料电池。电池部件薄…     

新型稀土锆酸盐材料研究进展

稀土锆酸盐是高温热障涂层与高温固体电解质的候选材料之一,通式为Ln2Zr2O2(Ln为稀土元素),具有烧绿石结构或缺陷型萤石结构;具有高熔点、低热导率、高热膨胀系数、高化学稳定性、相对低的传导温度、优良的离子导电性能和高辐射稳定性等特点,在诸多领域得到广泛应用.综述了目前国内外稀土锆酸盐材料的热物理性能、电学性能和力学性能方面的最新研究进展,展望了未来稀土锆酸盐材料在热障氧化物材料和固体氧化物燃料电池电解质方面的应用前景.     

质子导体固体氧化物燃料电池的PrBa0.5Sr0.5Cu2O6-δ复合阴极材料

采用柠檬酸盐燃烧法制备了无钴双钙钛矿氧化物PrBa_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Cu_2O_(6-δ)(PBSC)粉体,探究其作为质子导体固体氧化物燃料电池(H-SOFCs)阴极材料的可行性。研究了它与质子导体电解质BaZr_(0.1)Ce_(0.7)Y_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BZCY)之间的化学相容性,分析了单相阴极PBSC、复合阴极PBSC-BZCY与电解质之间的热匹配性,并测试了单电池的电化学性能。结果发现,以PBSC为阴极、NiO-BZCY为阳极、BZCY为电解质的单电池在750℃时的最大功率密度为230 mW·cm~(-2),表明PBSC可作为H-SOFCs的阴极材料。而以PBSC-BZCY为阴极的单电池在750℃时的最大功率密度高达669 mW·cm~(-2)。复合阴极电池性能的大幅提高主要与阴极反应从单相阴极/电解质界面扩展到复合阴极电池的整个阴极区域,大幅降低电池电阻有关。PBSC-BZCY复合阴极在H-SOFCs中的应用具有较好的前景。     

钙钛矿结构固体电解质材料的研究进展

钙钛矿结构固体电解质材料由于其优越的导电性能而被人们发现并广泛研究.综述了SOFC中钙钛矿结构固体电解质材料的研究进展,概述了氧离子导体、质子导体、锂离子导体为代表的钙钛矿结构固体电解质的研究情况以及湿化学法制备中低温下工作的SOFC电解质材料的主要途径.     

Towards the next generation of solid oxide fuel cells operating below 600 °c with chemically stable proton-conducting electrolytes

The need for reducing the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operating temperature below 600 °C is imposed by cost reduction, which is essential for widespread SOFC use, but might also disclose new applications. To this aim, high-temperature proton-conducting (HTPC) oxides have gained widespread interest as electrolyte materials alternative to oxygen-ion conductors. This Progress Report describes recent developments in electrolyte, anode, and cathode materials for protonic SOFCs, addressing the issue of chemical stability, processability, and good power performance below 600 °C. Different fabrication methods are reported for anode-supported SOFCs, obtained using state-of-the-art, chemically stable proton-conducting electrolyte films. Recent findings show significant improvements in the power density output of cells based on doped barium zirconate electrolytes, pointing out towards the feasibility of the next generation of protonic SOFCs, including a good potential for the development of miniaturized SOFCs as portable power supplies.     

Electrode materials: a challenge for the exploitation of protonic solid oxide fuel cells

Abstract

High temperature proton conductor (HTPC) oxides are attracting extensive attention as electrolyte materials alternative to oxygen-ion conductors for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) operating at intermediate temperatures (400–700 °C). The need to lower the operating temperature is dictated by cost reduction for SOFC pervasive use. The major stake for the deployment of this technology is the availability of electrodes able to limit polarization losses at the reduced operation temperature. This review aims to comprehensively describe the state-of-the-art anode and cathode materials that have so far been tested with HTPC oxide electrolytes, offering guidelines and possible strategies to speed up the development of protonic SOFCs.     

质子交换膜在燃料电池中的应用

质子交换膜（ＰＥＭ）燃料电池以质子交换膜为电解质，燃料电池的性能强烈地依赖于质子交换膜的特性。本文综述ＰＥＭ电池对质子交换膜的技术要求及该膜的检测和在燃料电池中的应用情况。     

质子交换膜燃料电池关键材料的研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

燃料电池是一种非常有前景的新能源体系。燃料电池不使用热力发动机,利用电极和电解质界面发生的化学反应直接将燃料的化学能转换成电能,反应不受卡诺循环限制,因此,具有高的能量转换效率。在燃料电池中,质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)在便携式设备、交通运输以及固定装置领域具有重要的应用前景。然而,目前的PEMFC还存在一些问题,主要包括高成本、功率不足、稳定性差等问题,限制了其大规模商业化应用。这些问题的根本原因在于PEMFC中阴极催化剂、气体扩散层、质子交换膜和双极板等关键材料的成本和性能还不能满足PEMFC商业化的要求。要实现PEMFC的大规模应用,需要开发先进的阴极催化剂、气体扩散层、质子交换膜和双极板等关键材料。针对PEMFC对低成本、高性能先进材料的需求,本文综述了阴极催化剂、气体扩散层、质子交换膜和双极板等关键材料的研究进展以及应用面临的问题,并指出了未来的发展方向:加强铂合金催化剂以及金属-氮-碳(M-N-C)化合物催化剂的规模化制备工艺的探索;制备兼具高质子传导率和优异力学性能的质子交换膜;详细研究改性气体扩散层在不同的工况条件下对PEMFC性能的影响;开发具有优良耐蚀性和导电性的涂层或新型金属材料用于双极板。     

A New Class of Proton Conductors with Dramatically Enhanced Stability and High Conductivity for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells

Reversible solid oxide cells based on proton conductors (P-ReSOCs) have potential to be the most efficient and low-cost option for large-scale energy storage and power generation, holding promise as an enabler for the implementation of intermittent renewable energy technologies and the widespread utilization of hydrogen. Here, the rational design of a new class of hexavalent Mo/W-doped proton-conducting electrolytes with excellent durability while maintaining high conductivity is reported. Specifically, BaMo(W)_0.03Ce_0.71Yb_0.26O_3-δ exhibits dramatically enhanced chemical stability against high concentrations of steam and carbon dioxide than the state-of-the-art electrolyte materials while retaining similar ionic conductivity. In addition, P-ReSOCs based on BaW_0.03Ce_0.71Yb_0.26O_3-δ demonstrate high peak power densities of 1.54, 1.03, 0.72, and 0.48 W cm⁻² at 650, 600, 550, and 500 °C, respectively, in the fuel cell mode. During steam electrolysis, a high current density of 2.28 A cm⁻² is achieved at a cell voltage of 1.3 V at 600 °C, and the electrolysis cell can operate stably with no noticeable degradation when exposed to high humidity of 30% H₂O at −0.5 A cm⁻² and 600 °C for over 300 h. Overall, this work demonstrates the promise of donor doping for obtaining proton conductors with both high conductivity and chemical stability for P-ReSOCs.     

Tailoring the Cathode–Electrolyte Interface with Nanoparticles for Boosting the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Performance of Chemically Stable Proton‐Conducting Electrolytes

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) represent the most efficient devices for producing electrical power from fuels. The limit in their application is due to the high operation temperature of conventional SOFC materials. Progress is made toward lower operating temperatures using alternative oxygen‐ion conducting electrolytes, but problems of stability and electronic conductivity still remain. A promising alternative is the use of chemically stable proton‐conducting Y‐doped BaZrO₃ (BZY) electrolytes, but their practical applications are limited by the BZY's relatively low performance. Herein, it is reported that deposition by impregnation of cathode nanoparticles on BZY backbones provides a powerful strategy to improve the BZY‐based SOFC performance below 600 °C, allowing an outstanding power output for this chemically stable electrolyte. Moreover, it is demonstrated that keeping the nanostructure is more important than keeping the desired chemical composition. The proposed scalable processing method can make BZY a competitive electrolyte for SOFC applications.     

磺化聚酰亚胺类质子导电材料的研究进展

Nafion等全氟磺酸膜由于寿命长,导电性能优越,迄今仍是质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFCs)中性能最为优越的电解质,但其价格昂贵,难以大规模推广应用于民用产品。开发低成本的新型质子交换膜具有十分重要的意义。近年来新型质子交换膜的研究涉及新的离聚物、用于控制形态及保水能力的纳米有机无机复合膜以及碱性聚合物与舍氧酸的复合物等。同时磺化非氟聚合物多年来也一直得到人们的广泛关注。综述了磺化聚酰亚胺用于质子导电材料的研究进展,讨论了各种不同磺化二胺体系的独特优势以及存在的问题。     

A review of advanced proton-conducting materials for hydrogen separation

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of developments and recent trends in H₂ separation technology that uses dense proton–electron conducting ceramic materials and their associated membranes. Various proton–electron conducting materials and their associated membranes are summarized and classified into several important categories, such as Ni-composite proton-conducting materials, as well as tungstate-based, BaPrO₃-based, LaGaO₃-based, and niobate/tantalite composite metal oxide-based ceramic materials/membranes. Various membrane designs, including asymmetric ceramic membranes (supported and self-supported) and surface-modified membranes, are also reviewed. Several important properties of ceramic materials and membranes, such as proton and electron conductivity and performance (i.e., H₂ transport flux and lifetime stability), are also discussed. To highlight the technical progress in this area, all possible ceramic materials and associated membranes are summarized, along with their properties and performance, to help readers quickly locate the information they are looking for. Based on this review, several challenges hindering the maturation of this technology are analyzed in depth, and possible research directions for overcoming these challenges are suggested.