十字形双向拉伸试验有限元模拟及分析

本文建立了臂上开缝十字形试件双向拉伸试验有限元计算模型 ,在十字形试件几何参数优化的基础上 ,对两种不同性能的板料在不同位移比例加载条件下 ,进行了有限元模拟和分析。模拟结果表明 ,改变加载路径对该试件中心区轴向应变量有较大影响 ,但不影响中心区轴向应力的分布。可见 ,所设计的臂上开缝十字形试件双向拉伸试验研究不同加载路径下板料变形行为是可行的     

板料成形极限理论与实验研究进展

成形极限是板材成形领域中重要的性能指标和工艺参数。文章在阐述成形极限在板料成形中的意义的基础上,综述并分析了成形极限在理论和实验方面的研究进展。成形极限图受应变路径的影响,给工业生产应用带来极大不便。以极限应力构成的成形极限应力图不受应变路径的影响,作为复杂加载路径的成形极限判据更加方便和实用。FLSD研究与FLD相结合,成为精确地确定破裂判别准则的主要途径之一,是近来研究的热点。十字形双向拉伸是实现复杂加载路径有效实用的试验方法。最后对成形极限应力图和十字形双向拉伸试验需要解决的关键问题作了阐述。     

基于拉伸试验的板料成形性能研究

板料的成形性能不仅取决于板料本身的材料特性也取决于板料的各向异性以及成形工艺条件,比如成形速度。以DC06冷连轧低碳钢板为研究对象,探讨了板料在不同取向和不同变形速度下的力学性能,并应用WDW-100微机控制电子万能试验机,对不同取向的DC06钢板料试件在不同拉伸速率下进行试验。试验分析结果表明:DC06对拉伸速度敏感,当拉伸速率为10mm.min-1时材料成形性能最好;材料取向对于成形性有一定的影响。     

板料真实成形极限的测定及其应用

采用带圆弧侧边板料的单向拉伸试验方法及工具显微镜厚度测量法测定了St14铝镇静钢板向应变（ε2）较大的真实成形极限。并折算成ε2为0．4时的真成形极限的FLD－0．4，分析了FLD－0．4与常规单向拉伸试验性能的关系。     

变压边力对圆筒形件拉伸性能的影响研究

通过利用有限元数值模拟的方法，研究了几种典型的变压边力对于铝合金圆筒形件拉伸成形性能的影响，分析了圆筒形件不同位置板料在成形过程中的应变路径，揭示了铝合金圆筒形件的基本成形原理；研究了铝合金材料在几种典型压边力条件下拉伸成形时的区别，并以板料在出现破裂前所达到的最大减薄率为主要判断依据，对圆筒形件在具有几种典型变化规律的压边力的作用下所能达到的最大拉伸深度进行了研究。结果表明，渐增型和∧型压边力有助于改善铝合金圆筒形件的成形性能。     

差厚拼焊板成形性的单向拉伸试验

拼焊板的成形性能不同于单一材料的板料,研究其成形性能有利于改进拼焊板的成形工艺.单向拉伸试验作为一种有效和实用的材料性能测试方法被用于研究拼焊板的成形性能.针对拉伸试验设计了母材和拼焊板的试样并进行了相关试验,获得了不同拼焊板的强度和塑性性能并对结果进行了讨论.试验结果表明,拼焊板的单向拉伸强度介于较高强度母材与较低强...     

拉伸比对2A16铝合金板材双向拉伸性能的影响

为获取2A16铝合金板料在复杂加载条件下的材料性能,设计了一种臂上开缝、中心带槽的十字形试样并开展双向拉伸试验,研究了2A16铝合金板材在双向加载时的材料力学性能.建立有限元分析模型,基于ABAQUS软件对十字形试样的双向拉伸过程进行数值模拟.同时,利用板材双向拉伸试验机在X、Y两轴拉伸比分别为3∶3、3∶2、3∶1、...     

基于应变和应力的1060铝合金板成形极限比较分析(英文)

通过线性和非线性应变路径的板料成形实验,研究1060铝合金的成形极限图(FLD)和成形应力极限图(FLSD)。利用Stoughton方法,基于板料成形实验中测得的应变数据,计算得到了FLSD。结果表明:对于1060铝合金板料,FLD与应变路径是相关的,而FLSD对应变路径却不敏感,所以FLSD可以很方便地作为多道次板料成形的极限准则。通过对比Hill’s48,Hill’s79和Hosford非二次式3种材料屈服准则,分析了它们从FLD到FLSD转换对应力计算的影响,Hosford非二次式屈服准则更适合1060铝合金的FLSD计算。通过与单向拉伸实验数据的比较,材料硬化准则中Voce硬化准则比Swift准则更适合该材料。在MATLAB上开发了由应变到应力的计算以及FLD和FLSD显示的程序,通过输入实验中测得的应变数据可以得出FLD和FLSD。     

BH220钢板屈服轨迹的双向拉伸实验研究

本文针对建立的十字形双向拉伸试验系统 ,利用有限元模拟优化得到的十字形试件 ,采用载荷控制方式对汽车用薄钢板BH2 2 0进行了不同加载路径下的双向拉伸试验 ,得到了不同加载路径下的应力应变关系曲线 ,并根据塑性功相等的原则 ,对BH2 2 0钢板的试验屈服点与现有屈服准则Hill4 8、Barlat lian、Logan hosford的理论轨迹进行了对比 ,结果表明 ,与试验结果相比 ,Hill4 8过高地估计了屈服轨迹 ,Logan hosford准则比Barlat lian准则接近试验结果 ,尤其在垂直于轧制方向与试验结果吻合较好 ,但在靠近轧制方向其理论轨迹偏高。     

应用韧性断裂准则预测板料的成形极限图

将Oyan韧性断裂准则引入数值模拟预测板料的成形极限图(FLD).讨论了各向异性系数对不同应变状态下准则中各项的影响,通过测定单向拉伸和平面应变拉伸的断裂应变确定了准则中的材料常数.模拟凸模胀形实验得到每一时间步应力、应变值,代入韧性断裂准则预测板料的成形极限.应用Oyan韧性断裂准则预测了铝合金A5182-O和SPCC的成形极限图.模拟结果表明,用韧性断裂准则和数值模拟相结合能成功预测板料的成形极限图.     

Factors governing hole expansion ratio of steel sheets with smooth sheared edge

Stretch-flangeability measured using hole expansion test (HET) represents the ability of a material to form into a complex shaped component. Despite its importance in automotive applications of advanced high strength steels, stretch-flangeability is a less known sheet metal forming property. In this paper, we investigate the factors governing hole expansion ratio (HER) by means of tensile test and HET. We correlate a wide range of tensile properties with HERs of steel sheet specimens because the stress state in the hole edge region during the HET is almost the same as that of the uniaxial tensile test. In order to evaluate an intrinsic HER of steel sheet specimens, the initial hole of the HET specimen is produced using a milling process after punching, which can remove accumulated shearing damage and micro-void in the hole edge region that is present when using the standard HER evaluation method. It was found that the intrinsic HER of steel sheet specimens was proportional to the strain rate sensitivity exponent and post uniform elongation.     

一种建立板料成形极限应力图的新方法

基于塑性理论建立了比例加载条件下双向拉伸应力应变关系,结合Swift分散性失稳准则,提出了一种建立板料成形极限应力图的方法。分别应用Hill 48和Hosford屈服准则以及单向拉伸性能参数,建立了铝合金板(r<1)和薄钢板(r>1)两种材料的成形极限应力图(FLSD),分析表明,不同的屈服准则的选取对于成形极限应力曲线有不同的影响,对于不同类型的材料屈服准则的影响程度也不同。与由通常的成形极限图(FLD)转换所得到的成形极限应力图(FLSD)进行了对比分析,结果表明,所提出的方法计算过程更为简便,并能较为准确地建立成形极限应力图,可以作为复杂加载路径下的成形极限破裂判据。     

Effects of plastic strain and strain path on youngs modulus of sheet metals

The effects of plastic strain and strain path on Young’s modulus of sheet metals are experimentally investigated using low carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminium, copper and brass sheets of 1 mm thickness. These sheets are firstly deformed to different plastic strains under a few strain paths from balanced biaxial stretching to uniaxial tension. Then, a small uniaxial tension test specimen is cut from each deformed sheet and Young’s modulus is measured using electrical-resistance strain gauges glued to both surfaces of the specimen. The experimental results show that Young’s moduli of the low carbon steel and stainless steel sheets decrease with increasing plastic strain, while those of aluminium, copper and brass sheets hardly change with the plastic strain. In all materials, however, the effect of the strain path on Young’s modulus is not necessarily evident. It is confirmed that Young’s modulus of the low carbon steel sheet can be recovered to the initial value of undeformed sheet by a subsequent annealing. In addition to Young’s modulus, the effects of the plastic strain and the strain paths on Poisson’s ratio of these materials are also shown.     

Modified strain-life equation to consider the effect of different prestrain paths for dual phase sheet steel

Fatigue tests of dual phase sheet steel (DP600) were conducted with strain controlled mode of fully reverse loading conditions at room temperature. The specimens were fabricated with three different prestrain paths such as as-received, uniaxial prestrain and plane strain prestrain. Fatigue properties for the all prestrain paths were determined from the fatigue test results. The strain-life curve equations were depended on the prestrain levels and paths. In this study a universal strain-life equation was proposed based on the experimental data to predict the fatigue life of dual phase sheet steel with different prestrain paths. The proposed model utilized fatigue properties of the as-received condition coupled with prestrain levels in the length, width, and thickness of the test specimen. The effectiveness of the proposed universal strain-life equation was demonstrated with a simple metal formed part that experienced various prestrain paths.     

Sheet metal forming limit prediction based on plastic deformation energy

For sheet metals, the endurance to fracture under different strain paths may be different. Based on plastic deformation energy, the sheet metal forming limit is calculated, and the relationship model between maximum allowable integral value of the general plastic work criterion and the strain path is built. In addition, the strain-hardening exponent, anisotropy coefficient and the initial thickness of the material are also taken into account to consider their effects on forming limit. In order to simplify the process of parameter determination, only uniaxial tension test is used to calculate the material property parameters and necessary limit strain, and the expression of the criterion is determined finally. Then the limit strains under other strain paths between uniaxial tension to equi-biaxial tension are predicted by the criterion combined with numerical simulation of the forming process. The criterion is also applied to limit strain prediction under bilinear strain path.     

Cruciform shape benefits for experimental and numerical evaluation of sheet metal formability

The optimization of sheet metal forming processes requires accurate evaluations of material forming abilities. This paper presents an original technique based on the use of a cruciform shape for experimental characterization and numerical prediction of forming limit curves. The whole forming limit diagram is covered with a unique geometry by controlling displacements in the two main directions of the cruciform shape. The test is frictionless and the influence of linear and non-linear strain paths can be easily studied. The modelling of the cruciform shape with the finite element method permits to plot forming limit curves without any calibration step, essential for the classical Marciniak–Kuczynski (M–K) model. Experimental and numerical results are presented for an aluminium alloy 5086. These results are respectively compared with the ones from classical techniques: Marciniak test and numerical M–K model.     

Use of abrupt strain path change for determining subsequent yield surface: experimental study with metal sheets

A basic idea for a method for determining the subsequent yield surface in the vicinity of a current loading point by using an abrupt strain path change has been proposed recently by Kuroda and Tvergaard (Acta mater., 1999, 47, 3879). The proposed method is applied to real experimental studies. In a biaxial tensile testing apparatus, a cruciform specimen is used, with the strains measured by a biaxial-strain gauge. Then, with the hydraulic pressure of two sets of opposing hydraulic cylinders servo-controlled independently, the testing apparatus can be used to prescribe an abrupt change of the strain path. Both a cold-rolled steel sheet and an aluminum alloy sheet are investigated. The differences between the yield surface shapes found by the strain path change procedure and the shapes found by probing the yield points from the elastic region are shown and discussed for different cases.     

泡沫金属在单、双向载荷作用下的拉伸破坏行为初探

采用低载拉伸试验机对多孔体的单、双向拉伸进行了系列实验，通过分析该材料的单向拉伸破坏机制，发现开孔泡沫金属材料的宏观断裂特点既不同于最大拉应力准则的横向断裂，也不同于最大剪应力准则的塑性流动破坏，而是表现为介于它们之间的一种复杂断裂形式；拉伸断裂过程中多孔体的延伸率主要由三维网络中的金属丝体发生的塑性偏转所造成。通过其双向承载时断裂形态的观测分析，发现泡沫体十字型样品在双向等速拉伸载荷作用下的应力场分布与双向异速拉伸载荷作用下的类似，且其应力场的最大应力线为靠近样品中央载荷区边缘的四次对称曲边四边形。