稀土氧化钇基陶瓷型芯材料的制备研究

通过改变硅树脂含量、烧结温度和保温时间,研究其对稀土Y_2O_3基陶瓷型芯性能的影响规律。试验结果如下:随硅树脂含量增加,样品的体积密度逐渐减小,抗弯强度逐渐降低;随烧结温度升高,样品的体积密度逐渐增加,气孔率逐渐减小,抗弯强度逐渐增大;随保温时间延长,样品的体积密度和抗弯强度呈逐渐上升的趋势,气孔率先下降在保温1 h后无明显变化。当硅树脂含量为3%,烧结温度为1 600℃,保温时间为240 min时,样品的综合性能最佳,其抗弯强度为50.77 MPa,气孔率为21.13%。     

烧结助剂Y2O3和Pr6O11对Al2O3陶瓷相对密度和热导率的影响

采用高分子网络法制备混合纳米粉体,研究稀土氧化物Y2O3和Pr6O11加入量对Al2O3陶瓷相对密度和热导率的影响。采用阿基米德方法测定样品的体积密度,利用激光脉冲法测量试样的热扩散率并计算得出热导率。结果表明:两种添加剂都可以降低Al2O3陶瓷的烧结温度,提高Al2O3陶瓷的热导率,其中Y2O3的促进作用较强;当保温时间相同、烧结温度为1 500~1 650℃时,Al2O3陶瓷的相对密度和热导率都随烧结温度的升高而增大;当烧结温度相同、保温时间为30~120 min时,Al2O3陶瓷的相对密度和热导率也随保温时间的延长而增大。     

烧结条件对多孔HA生物陶瓷种植体性能的影响

通过对不同温度和保温时间制备的多孔HA种植体试样进行测试分析，研究了烧结条件对材料气孔率、体积密度、吸水率、晶粒尺寸和弯曲强度的影响。结果表明：随着烧结温度的升高和保温时间的延长，气孔率和吸水率减小，体积密度和弯曲强度升高；晶粒长大填充气孔，使多孔材料孔隙率下降而强度增加。     

烧成条件对Al2O3-C材料微结构与性能的影响

研究了不同的烧成温度及保温时间对Al2O3-C材料物理性能的影响,采用压汞仪和扫描电镜分析了其微观结构以及相组成的变化规律.结果表明,在实验温度范围内,低温烧成或低温条件下适当延长保温时间,有利于材料中SiC晶须的生成和生长发育,因此材料的显气孔率、体积密度、冷态耐压强度、热态抗折强度较高温条件下烧成的优越;提高烧成温度,SiC晶须发生继续氧化,导致SiC晶须数量减少,质量变差,并且硅-碳-氧反应可能更倾向于形成硅氧化物以及气体,这些气体物质逸出使材料的气孔增多,显气孔率增大,但同时也使材料中d＜1 μm的微气孔率增加.     

烧结助剂对高气孔率SiC陶瓷结构和性能的影响

由叔丁醇、丙烯酰胺和SiC粉及烧结助剂组成固相含量为10%(体积分数)的陶瓷浆料,采用凝胶注模成型和无压烧结工艺制备多孔SiC陶瓷,研究Al2O3和Al2O3+SiO2这两种烧结助剂体系对多孔SiC陶瓷的气孔率、显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Al2O3+SiO2复合烧结助剂明显改善SiC陶瓷的烧结性能,与采用单一的Al2O3烧结助剂相比,SiC样品的烧结温度和莫来石的生成温度均降低50℃左右;两种不同的烧结助剂制成的试样中的气孔均呈很窄的单峰分布,中位孔径为2μm左右;随烧结温度的升高压缩强度增大,而气孔率变化不大;以Al2O3+SiO2为烧结助剂、在1 400℃烧结的试样的气孔率和强度分别达到70.57%和17.74 MPa。     

铝合金熔炼炉用铝硅质浇注料的侵蚀行为研究

采用坩埚法研究了铝合金液对4种铝硅质耐火浇注料的侵蚀行为,用XRD、SEM和能谱对侵蚀后的坩埚试样进行了物相和显微结构分析。结果表明:在本实验温度范围内,从气孔率判断,在1 200℃热处理后试样有一定程度的烧结,常温抗折和耐压强度均随处理温度的上升而增大;浇注料的抗铝液侵蚀性与其Al_2O_3含量和显气孔率密切相关,Al_2O_3含量越高、气孔率越低的试样抗渗透和抗侵蚀性能较好;铝合金液在850℃时与耐火材料中的Si O_2反应生成Al_2O_3和Si,伴随体积收缩,导致耐火材料开裂损毁;耐火材料反应层中颗粒和基质均被侵蚀,侵蚀后气孔被填充变得更加致密,在间歇式工况条件下容易产生结构剥落。同时,侵蚀过程中,铝合金液中的Zn蒸汽逸出,在过渡层富集。     

AZO溅射靶材的热压制备(英文)

按质量比92:2将ZnO和Al2O3粉末采用热压方法制备AZO溅射靶材。研究温度、压力、保温和保压时间等热压工艺条件对靶材相对密度的影响,研究致密化过程中的气孔演化和相结构变化。结果表明:采用分段热压方式,即在压力35MPa下,在温度1050℃和1150℃分别保温保压1h,所制备的AZO靶材具有最大的相对密度99%。在温度为1050℃时,靶材中的闭合气孔率最低;当热压温度低于900℃时,靶材中存在Al2O3相;当温度升高到1000℃以后,Al2O3相消失,但有ZnAl2O4相生成,且ZnAl2O4相随着温度的升高而增加。与无压烧结比较,热压烧结具有烧结温度低、ZnAl2O4相含量低的优点。靶材电阻率随着热压温度的升高和保温、保压时间的延长而降低。在热压温度1100℃、压力35MPa、保温和保压时间10h下制备了电阻率低达3×10-3-Ω·cm的AZO靶材。     

热压烧结制备Al2O3/TiCN-Ni-Ti陶瓷复合材料的组织与性能

采用真空热压烧结方法制备Al2O3/Ti(C,N)-Ni-Ti陶瓷基复合材料,采用X射线衍射与扫描电镜分析材料的物相组成和显微结构,研究烧结工艺对材料物相组成、显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Ni和Ti的添加显著提高复合材料的强度和韧性;温度小于1 600℃时,复合材料的力学性能随热压温度的升高而升高;温度高于1 600℃时,温度升高及保温时间延长不仅会导致Al2O3晶粒的异常长大和Ti(C,N)的分解,而且会使Ni发生聚集现象,复合材料的力学性能下降;当烧结温度为1 600℃、保温时间为30 min时,制备的Al2O3/Ti(C,N)-Ni-Ti陶瓷复合材料的力学性能最佳,其相对密度达到99.4%,抗弯强度为820 MPa,断裂韧性达到9.3 MPa.m1/2。     

氧化锆对直接结合镁锆复合材料性能的影响

分别以单斜锆、脱硅锆、单斜锆和脱硅锆的混合物(混合比为1:1)、锆英石和电熔镁砂为原料,制备了直接结合镁锆复合材料.研究了不同组元、不同氧化锆含量和不同烧结温度对MgO-ZrO2材料的显气孔率、常温耐压强度、高温抗折强度、耐热震性等性能和显微结构的影响.研究表明,以锆英石方式加入的镁锆材料由于结合相为镁橄榄石,使得材料显气孔率最低,常温耐压强度最好;而以单斜锆和脱硅锆混合物方式加入的镁锆材料高温抗折强度最好,耐热震性最好;以单斜锆方式加入镁锆材料韧性好.烧结温度应在1730℃左右[11]为宜.     

烧结工艺对Al_2O_3/透辉石/AlTiB复合陶瓷组织性能的影响

将透辉石和AlTiB中间合金添加到Al_2O_3基体中,采用无压烧结工艺制备了透辉石/AlTiB增韧补强Al_2O_3基陶瓷材料,建立了保温时间对Al_2O_3/透辉石/AlTiB复合陶瓷相对密度影响的预测模型,研究了无压烧结温度和保温时间对透辉石/AlTiB增韧补强Al_2O_3基陶瓷材料力学性能和微观结构的影响.结果表明,所建立的模型较好的预测了保温时间对Al_2O_3/透辉石/AlTiB复合陶瓷相对密度的影响趋势,Al_2O_3/透辉石/AlTiB复合陶瓷最佳烧结工艺为烧结温度1520℃和保温时间180min;烧结工艺对Al_2O_3/透辉石/AlTiB复合陶瓷材料气孔率、晶粒间结合强度、粒径大小和断裂机制等因素产生较大的影响,并由此影响材料的相对密度和力学性能.     

Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42-H2O体系的沉淀配合平衡热力学

针对草酸盐配位共沉淀热分解还原法制备超细铁镍合金粉过程中Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42--H2O体系的溶液平衡建立热力学分析模型,并根据模型进行相关计算,揭示反应体系中各物质随pH值、氨及草酸浓度的变化关系。结果表明:溶液中的Fe主要以[Fe(C2O4)n]2 2n络合物形式存在,而铁氨络合物含量很低。当氨含量较低时,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在;氨含量较高时,在酸性条件下,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在,在碱性条件下,则主要以[Ni(NH3)n]2+存在。低pH值下,Ni的沉淀率较Fe的高,而高pH值下,Ni的沉淀率则较Fe的低。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

Al2O3-Sm2O3-CeO2电解质的性能（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法和低温燃烧技术制备Ce1-xSmxO2（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3）和掺杂Sm和（2%-8%）Al2O3的二氧化铈;研究其合成、结构、致密化、导电性和热膨胀等性能,并利用XRD研究其结构和相组成。结果表明,于1300°C烧结球团,获得致密的陶瓷,于1250°C在Ce0.8Sm0.2O0.2中加入2%和4%的Al2O3以促进烧结。利用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结后球团的表面形貌,使用双探针交流阻抗谱研究总离子电导率。     

Al2O3包覆改善P2型Na2/3Fe1/2Mn1/2O2正极材料的存储性能

采用超声喷雾热解与高温固相烧结相结合的方法合成P2型Na_2/3Fe_1/2Mn_1/2O₂材料。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和电化学充放电设备对材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行全面的表征。此外,在Na_2/3Fe_1/2Mn_1/2O₂表面包覆Al₂O₃薄层,该包覆层可以抑制Na₂CO₃·H₂O的形成,提高Na_2/3Fe_1/2Mn_1/2O₂材料的存储性能,从而改善其电化学性能。这种简单的表面改性方法为合成高性能钠离子电池正极材料提供了新思路。     

Synthesis and properties of CaCd2Sb2 and EuCd2Sb2

High density polycrystalline CaCd₂Sb₂ and EuCd₂Sb₂ intermetallics are synthesized by Spark Plasma Sintering and their thermoelectric properties are investigated. X-ray diffraction measurements reveal both materials have a structure in space group, containing a small amount of CdSb as a second phase. Thermoelectric measurements indicate both are p-type conductive materials. The figure of merit value of CaCd₂Sb₂ is 0.04 at 600 K and that of EuCd₂Sb₂ is 0.60 at 617 K. Theoretical calculations show that CaCd₂Sb₂ is a degenerate semiconductor with a band gap of 0.63 eV, while EuCd₂Sb₂ is metallic with DOS of 13.02 electrons/eV. For deeper understanding of the better thermoelectric properties of EuCd₂Sb₂, its low temperature magnetic, transport and heat capacity properties are investigated. Its Nèel temperature is 7.22 K, convinced by heat capacity anomaly at 7.13 K. Hall effect convinced that it is a p-type conductive material. It has high Hall coefficient, high carrier concentration and high carrier mobility of +1.426 cm³/C, 4.38 × 10¹⁸/cm³ and 182.40 cm²/Vs, respectively. They are all in the magnitude of good thermoelectric materials. The Eu 4f level around Fermi energy and antiferromagnetic order may count for the better thermoelectric properties of EuCd₂Sb₂ than that of CaCd₂Sb₂.     

Y2O3-BaO-SiO2-B2O3-Al2O3 glass sealant for solid oxide fuel cells

A glass based on Y₂O₃-BaO-SiO₂-B₂O₃-Al₂O₃ (named YBA) has been investigated as sealant for planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The YBA glass has been systematically characterized by differential thermal analysis, dilatometer, scanning electron microscopy, impedance analysis, and open circuit voltage to examine their suitability as sealant. The coefficient of thermal expansion of YBA is 11.64 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ between 323 and 873 K. The resistivity is 9.1 × 10⁴ Ω cm at 800 °C. The glass sealant is found to be well adhered with other cell components, such as electrolytes and stainless steels, at an optimum sealing temperature of 800 °C. All measured results showed that the YBA glass appears to be a promising sealant for SOFCs.     

New Zr6CoAs2-type compounds: Y6CoBi2, Ho6CoBi2 and Tm6CoBi2

Results of a powder X-ray diffraction investigation of new ternary compounds are reported. The compounds Y₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8312(1) nm, c=0.4144(1) nm], Ho₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8246(2) nm, c=0.4095(1) nm], and Tm₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8155(2) nm, c=0.4066(1) nm] crystallize in the hexagonal Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure (space group P6b2m No. 189). The Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure is a superstructure of the Fe₂P-type structure.     

载体中ZrO2/Al2O3比对Pt/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

相比汽油车而言,柴油车具有高效、低油耗的优势已得到广泛应用。本实验以ZrO₂作为改性剂,探究了ZrO₂与Al₂O₃的质量比对催化剂的影响。研究结果表明：随着ZrO₂的加入,Pt粒子先减小后增大;Pt粒子与载体的交互作用先增大后减小。活性实验数据分析表明,ZrO₂的最佳添加量为40 wt%,CO和C₃H₆完全氧化温度分别降低20 _oC 、25 _oC。贵金属在催化剂的分散度以及贵金属与载体的相互作用随着ZrO₂与Al₂O₃质量比的变化而变化。Pt粒子越小,其与载体的交互作用越强,这表明催化剂性能越强。     

Gd Mössbauer effect and magnetic properties of GdNi2Sb2, GdCu2Sb2 and GdAl2Ga2

We have investigated the magnetic properties and the ¹⁵⁵Gd Mössbauer spectra of the ThCr₂Si₂-type compounds GdNi₂Sb₂, GdCu₂Sb₂ and GdAl₂Ga₂. These three compounds were found to order antiferromagnetically, with T_N=6.5 K, 15.8 K, and 42.4 K respectively. The electric field gradient V₂₂ derived from the quadrupole splitting of the Mössbauer spectra gives rise to a sign change at the end of the T3d series in GdT₂Sb₂, as was observed previously also for the corresponding compounds with Si and Ge. This behaviour was explained in terms of decreasing hybridization between the Gd valence electron states and the d electron states of the T atoms.     

Thermodynamic evaluation of phase equilibria in the CaCl2-MgCl2-CaF2-MgF2 system

The phase diagram of the CaCl₂-CaF₂-MgCl₂-MgF₂ reciprocal ternary system was calculated thermodynamically from available data on the common-ion binary subsystems and from available data on the CaCl₂-MgF₂ join. This join is very nearly quasibinary and divides the system into two quasiternary systems: the CaCl₂-MgF₂-CaF₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 724 +-5 °C and the CaC₂-MgF₂-MgCl₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 561 +-5 °C.