基于特征优选的GF-3全极化数据积雪识别

以新疆阿尔泰山南麓克兰河流域典型区为研究区,利用GF-3全极化数据进行积雪探测,提出了一种基于特征优选的积雪识别方法。首先通过极化分解获取了GF-3数据的22个极化特征,并利用随机森林方法计算各特征的重要性,构建特征优选规则生成最优特征集,然后基于最优特征集对积雪进行识别。分析特征的重要性发现,同极化后向散射系数对积雪识别的贡献比交叉极化的贡献大,面散射和体散射对积雪识别的贡献比二面角散射贡献大。将该方法与最大似然法、支持向量机、BP神经网络3种分类器的对比发现,使用最优特征集并且利用随机森林方法的积雪识别精度最高（F指数为0.86,总体精度为0.79）。结果表明：基于特征优选进行积雪识别,不仅使得积雪识别效率得到提高,而且保持精度不变甚至有所增加,证明了该方法在积雪识别中的有效性。     

基于支持向量机的遥感图像舰船目标识别方法

针对高分辨率遥感图像舰船目标识别问题,提出了一种基于支持向量机的舰船目标分类方法。支持向量机(SVM)是一类新型机器学习方法,基于结构风险最小化归纳原则,具有出色的学习能力。与传统的方法相比,支持向量机不但结构简单,而且技术性能特别是泛化能力明显提高。该文简要介绍了有关统计学习理论和支持向量机算法,将支持向量机应用于遥感图像舰船目标识别,并同传统的舰船识别方法进行了相关的对比实验,实验结果说明本文提出的分类器在识别性能上明显优于其它传统分类器,具有更高的识别性能率。     

支持向量机虹膜识别算法研究

提出一种基于极值加权平均分数维特征提取和支持向量机分类器识别的虹膜识别方法.利用形态学和圆形边缘检测算子定位虹膜,并将虹膜纹理映射到极坐标空间;定义了一种新的图像分敷维--极值加权平均分数维,用于提取虹膜特征;利用支持向量机分类器对虹膜特征矩阵进行匹配识别.试验表明,基于极值加权平均分数维特征提取和支持向量机分类嚣识别的虹膜识别系统识别率高,速度快.     

多分类器组合森林类型精细分类

针对高光谱遥感数据树种识别精度不高,现有多分类器组合策略难以避免人为因素干扰的问题,利用自适应权值模型组合2种机器学习算法,有效改善森林类型精细识别精度。研究综合利用影像的光谱和纹理特征、地形特征及森林类型外业调查样本数据,采用分层分类的策略,分别利用支撑向量机(support vector machine,SVM)和随机森林算法(random forest classifier,RFC)对森林类型进行精细识别;为进一步提高森林类型识别精度,采用自适应权值组合模型综合2种分类器,并采用分层随机抽样的独立检验样本进行精度验证。结果表明,自适应权值组合模型可综合不同分类器的优势,避免人为因素干扰且提高识别精度和稳定性,对高分五号(GF-5)星载高光谱遥感数据应用具有借鉴意义和参考价值。     

基于元学习和叠加法的双层支持向量机算法

提出一种模式识别算法——双层支持量机算法,用来提高表面肌电识别精度。该算法融合集成学习中元学习的并行方法和叠加法的递进思想,把基本SVM分类器并行分布在第1层,第1层的预测结果作为第2层的输入,由第2层再进行分类识别,从而通过多层分类器组合来融合多源特征。以手臂表面肌电数据集为测试数据,采用文中的双层支持向量机,各肌肉的肌电信号分别输入基支持向量机,组合器融合各肌肉电信号特征,集成识别前臂肌肉群的肌电信号,从而实现运动意图的精确识别。实验结果显示,在预测精度上,此算法优于单个SVM分类器。在预测性能上(识别精度、耗时、鲁棒性),此算法优于随机森林和旋转森林等集成分类器。     

基于支持向量机的仪表数字显示值识别研究

在电力系统中,利用图像识别技术对没有数据传送接口的数字仪表进行识别有利于系统自动化水平的提高和安全运行。文章介绍了图像处理过程和数字仪表显示值的识别方法,阐述了支持向量机方法的基本原理,分别采用一对多和一对一的策略方法组合多个二值分类器解决了10类数字的识别问题,并利用这两种多分类器对仪表显示值进行了识别。最后,比较了支持向量机方法和其它方法的识别结果。实验结果表明,支持向量机方法具有更高的识别率。     

基于磨损机理的磨粒图像识别仿真

机械设备磨损过程中产生的磨粒,可以利用智能识别技术进行识别。通过对切削磨粒、球状磨粒、疲劳磨粒以及严重滑动磨粒的磨损机理的研究,提出了能够识别各类磨粒的显著特征,将特征参数进行量化表征,并以特征参数为输入向量,建立支持向量机分类器模型,运用层次法对分类器进行训练,优化分类器的参数,最后利用分类器模型对磨粒图像进行识别以验证识别方法的可行性。实验结果表明,支持向量机分类器识别磨粒类型准确率较高,可以用于磨粒图像的识别。     

基于车辆声音及震动信号相融合的车型识别

车型识别技术是智能运输系统的核心。针对目前车型识别方法的不足,提出了一种基于车辆声音和震动信号相融合的车型识别方法。用BCS算法提取声震信号的特征,并在特征级融合形成特征向量,以此作为训练样本对支持向量机的分类器进行训练。对两种车型的声音和震动数据进行处理的结果表明,基于特征级融合的声震信号能够准确识别不同的车型,识别准确率达到86%以上,是一种有效的车型识别方法。     

基于独立成分分析和模糊支持向量机的车标识别新方法

提出了一种新的车标识别方法。首先,利用独立成分分析提取车标特征,然后,采用模糊支持向量机设计分类器进行车标识别。实验结果表明,与现有车标识别方法相比,该方法识别率高、速度快。     

语音识别确认中的置信特征和判定算法

提出了一种基于支持向量机的联合多种置信特征进行语音识别确认的判定方法.从待确认语音中提取出分段的后验概率和线性预测编码识别结果置信特征,其中后验概率根据垃圾模型近似计算得到;设计支持向量机分类器联合多种置信特征给出最终确认结果.实验结果表明,所提出的置信特征和支持向量机分类器取得了很好的确认效果.     

Color image segmentation using automatic pixel classification with support vector machine

Automatic segmentation of images is a very challenging fundamental task in computer vision and one of the most crucial steps toward image understanding. In this paper, we present a color image segmentation using automatic pixel classification with support vector machine (SVM). First, the pixel-level color feature is extracted in consideration of human visual sensitivity for color pattern variations, and the image pixel's texture feature is represented via steerable filter. Both the pixel-level color feature and texture feature are used as input of SVM model (classifier). Then, the SVM model (classifier) is trained by using fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) with the extracted pixel-level features. Finally, the color image is segmented with the trained SVM model (classifier). This image segmentation not only can fully take advantage of the local information of color image, but also the ability of SVM classifier. Experimental evidence shows that the proposed method has a very effective segmentation results and computational behavior, and decreases the time and increases the quality of color image segmentation in compare with the state-of-the-art segmentation methods recently proposed in the literature.     

Color image segmentation using pixel wise support vector machine classification

Image segmentation is an important tool in image processing and can serve as an efficient front end to sophisticated algorithms and thereby simplify subsequent processing. In this paper, we present a color image segmentation using pixel wise support vector machine (SVM) classification. Firstly, the pixel-level color feature and texture feature of the image, which is used as input of SVM model (classifier), are extracted via the local homogeneity model and Gabor filter. Then, the SVM model (classifier) is trained by using FCM with the extracted pixel-level features. Finally, the color image is segmented with the trained SVM model (classifier). This image segmentation not only can fully take advantage of the local information of color image, but also the ability of SVM classifier. Experimental evidence shows that the proposed method has a very effective segmentation results and computational behavior, and decreases the time and increases the quality of color image segmentation in comparison with the state-of-the-art segmentation methods recently proposed in the literature.     

Automatic change detection in high-resolution remote-sensing images by means of level set evolution and support vector machine classification

In this article, we propose a method for change detection in high-resolution remote-sensing images by means of level set evolution and support vector machine (SVM) classification, which combined both the pixel-level method and the object-level method. Both pixel-based change features and object-based ones are extracted to improve the discriminability between the changed class and the unchanged class. At the pixel level, the change detection problem is formulated as a segmentation issue using level set evolution in the difference images. At the object level, potential training samples are selected from the segmentation results without manual intervention into the SVM classifier. Thereafter, the final changes are obtained by combining the pixel-based changes and the object-based changes. A chief advantage of our approach is being able to select appropriate samples for SVM classifier training. Furthermore, our proposed method helps improve the accuracy and the degree of automation. We systematically evaluate it with various Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT) 5 images and aerial images. Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of our proposed method.     

基于Hu矩和支持向量机手完整性检测算法及应用

为实现对手完整性的自动检测,研究了用于机动车驾驶员体检系统中的手完整性检测算法。首先把RGB图像转换到YCbCr色彩空间后对Cb通道图像进行自适应阈值分割;然后对图像采用投影法获取准确的手部图像;利用提取的手部图像Hu矩特征值作为样本数据训练SVM模型,最后利用训练好的分类器对手进行完整性识别。手完整性检测算法可以达到理想的识别精度。算法的测试结果表明对手完整性检测算法是有效的,已被成功应用于机动车驾驶员体检系统。     

基于Sentinel-2数据的天山山地针叶林识别方法研究

阴影是影响山地针叶林遥感识别精度的关键因素。选取天山一块面积约为10 000 km²的区域为案例,基于太阳高度角和方位角差异较大的两期Sentinel-2影像,从遥感数据阴影分布的时相特性、分类特征以及分类器选择三方面进行综合分析,提出了一种适用于天山山地针叶林的遥感综合分类方案。该综合分类方案首先开展阴影识别以及阴影再分类以排除阴影对针叶林识别的影响;然后筛选出了海拔、归一化差值植被指数（NDVI）、红光到近红外波段斜率、蓝光波段、红光波段、短波红外波段和坡度作为区分天山山地针叶林的重要特征;最后比较支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）、随机森林（Random Forest,RF）和BP神经网络（Back Propagation Neural Network,BPNN）3种分类器的分类效果。结果表明：采用地形校正方法来消除山体阴影的效果不但不明显,反而还会造成过矫正现象,从而影响后续的针叶林识别,但利用太阳高度角和方位角差异较大的两期影像开展阴影识别以及阴影再分类来排除阴影对针叶林识别的影响,可使针叶林的总体精度提高1.3%~3.7%;SVM、RF和BPNN 3种分类器都能取得较好的山地针叶林识别精度,但SVM分类器的分类精度最高,其总体分类精度和Kappa系数分别是93.33%和0.87。该遥感综合分类方案经参数调整之后有望应用于北方干旱半干旱区的其他山地针叶林区域。     

A hybrid method combining pixel-based and object-oriented methods and its application in Hungary using Chinese HJ-1 satellite images

Pixel-based and object-oriented processing of Chinese HJ-1-A satellite imagery (resolution 30 m) acquired on 23 July 2009 were utilized for classification of a study area in Budapest, Hungary. The pixel-based method (maximum likelihood classifier for pixel-level method (MLCPL)) and two object-oriented methods (maximum likelihood classifier for object-level method (MLCOL) and a hybrid method combining image segmentation with the use of a maximum likelihood classifier at the pixel level (MLCPL)) were compared. An extension of the watershed segmentation method was used in this article. After experimenting, we chose an optimum segmentation scale. Classification results showed that the hybrid method outperformed MLCOL, with an overall accuracy of 90.53%, compared with the overall accuracy of 77.53% for MLCOL. Jeffries–Matusita distance analysis revealed that the hybrid method could maintain spectral separability between different classes, which explained the high classification accuracy in mixed-cover types compared with MLCOL. The classification result of the hybrid model is preferred over MLCPL in geographical or landscape ecological research for its accordance with patches in landscape ecology, and for continuity of results. The hybrid of image segmentation and pixel-based classification provides a new way to classify land-cover types, especially mixed land-cover types, using medium-resolution images on a regional, national, or global basis.     

户外天气状况分类识别

针对户外监控系统需要利用图像画面进行天气状态识别的问题,提出了一种新的词袋模型,以及SVM和随机森林相结合的分类方法,对晴天与阴天两类天气状态进行识别.词袋模型利用SIFT特征,通过聚类构建词典,并用最小二乘法求解最佳图像的词典结构参数,最终根据金字塔匹配得到多尺度图像词袋模型特征.分类器的构造采用支持向量机（SVM）作为一级分类器,对小置信样本进行粗分类,之后,再利用随机森林构造作为二级分类器进行判别.通过对两类天气图像集的10 000张图像进行测试,其识别准确率验证了方法的有效性.     

综合像素级和特征级的建筑物变化检测方法

针对单独使用像素级变化检测或特征级变化检测对于高层建筑物检测精度低的问题,提出了一种结合像素级和特征级的建筑物变化检测方法。首先对多个时相的遥感图像进行基于比值法的像素级变化检测,得到包含建筑物变化的候选区域,在候选区域上再进行基于建筑物特征的变化检测。该方法首先利用基于Delaunay三角网约束的快速配准算法配准两个不同时相的多光谱图像,利用建筑物的变化会导致建筑物所在局部区域的纹理分布和色调发生变化的特点,提取对辐射差异和配准误差鲁棒的纹理和色调特征进行变化检测。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效提高建筑物变化检测正确率,降低虚检率。     

A model-based approach for automatic building database updating from high-resolution space imagery

This article presents an approach for automatic building database updating from high-resolution space imagery based on the support vector machine (SVM) classification and building models. The developed approach relies on an idea that the buildings are similar in shape within an urban block or a neighbourhood unit. First, the building patches are detected through classification of the pan-sharpened high-resolution space imagery along with the normalized digital surface model (nDSM) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) using the binary SVM classifier. Then, the buildings that exist in the vector database but not seen in the image are detected through the analyses of the detected building patches. The buildings, which were constructed after the compilation date of the existing vector database, are extracted through the proposed model-based approach that utilizes the existing building database as a building model library. The approach was implemented in selected urban areas of the Batikent district of Ankara, the capital city of Turkey, using the IKONOS images and the existing building database. The results validated the success of the developed approach, with the building extraction accuracy computed to be higher than 80%.     

液晶字符识别的CNN和SVM组合分类器

针对仪表液晶显示字符识别问题,提出一种结合了卷积神经网络(CNN)和支持向量机(SVM)的字符识别方法.分别采用具有并联结构的CNN模型和基于梯度方向直方图(HOG)特征的SVM方法构建基本分类器,当2个分类器的结果存在冲突时,利用CNN的softmax输出最大值判决最终结果,当其大于设定阈值时采用CNN分类器的结果,...