圆钢管混凝土结构非线性有限元分析

基于合理的钢管混凝土拉、压材料数值本构模型,采用U.L.列式单元增量平衡方程,引入分层梁单元材料非线性分析理论,通过调整截面形心应变和曲率,使梁端内外力平衡,完善了分层单元法,编制了相应的非线性有限元程序,并对已有钢管混凝土结构面内受力,如钢管混凝土偏压柱、不等端弯矩钢管混凝土偏压柱、钢管混凝土压弯构件和钢管混凝土模型拱肋等试验资料进行双重非线性有限元分析。结果表明:几组钢管混凝土模型拱和钢管混凝土压弯构件的荷载-变形曲线和极限承载力与试验结果最接近,验证了本文方法与程序的可靠性,通过与其他学者计算结果相比,表明本文方法具有较高的计算精度。     

基于数值分析的椭圆钢管混凝土柱轴压性能及承载力计算

为了研究椭圆钢管混凝土柱的轴压性能和承载力,通过ABAQUS程序建立了轴压作用下椭圆钢管混凝土柱的数值分析模型,考虑了复杂接触问题、材料非线性和椭圆特征。利用试验结果验证了数值分析模型的准确性。开展了轴压作用下椭圆钢管混凝土短柱的诸多参数分析,评价了各参数对组合柱轴压承载力和刚度的影响,揭示了椭圆钢管混凝土短柱的破坏模式和受力机理,基于统一理论提出了椭圆钢管混凝土短柱的轴压承载力简化计算方法。研究结果表明,椭圆钢管混凝土短柱在轴压作用下的破坏模式包括剪切破坏、局部鼓曲破坏和整体鼓曲破坏;椭圆钢管混凝土短柱的轴压受力特征可以分为弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段、塑性强化段和下降段,均与约束效应系数有关。提出的椭圆钢管混凝土短柱的轴压承载力简化计算公式可以用于椭圆钢管混凝土柱设计。     

椭圆钢管混凝土长柱偏压受力性能研究

为研究椭圆钢管混凝土(ECFST)长柱的偏压性能,利用ABAQUS建立了偏压作用下椭圆钢管混凝土长柱的数值分析模型,考虑了钢管与核心混凝土的复杂接触问题、材料非线性问题和椭圆截面特征的影响,并利用试验结果验证了数值分析模型的准确性。对钢材强度、混凝土强度、偏心距、径厚比、长短轴比和截面面积等参数进行了分析,评价了各参数对偏压作用下椭圆钢管混凝土长柱轴压承载力的影响,揭示了其破坏模式和受力机理。研究结果表明,偏压作用下椭圆钢管混凝土长柱的破坏模式根据偏心距大小可以分为大偏压破坏和小偏压破坏,根据加载路径的不同可以分为长轴偏压破坏和短轴偏压破坏。椭圆钢管混凝土偏压长柱的轴压承载力随着混凝土强度、钢材强度和截面面积的增大而增大,随着偏心距、径厚比、长短轴比和长细比的增大而减小。研究结果将为建立椭圆钢管混凝土构件的设计方法提供参考。     

钢管混凝土拱的耐久性能和稳定性

介绍钢管混凝土圆拱的耐久性能分析和稳定性评估。对受中心荷载作用的铰支拱和固支拱进行线性和非线性分析。分析评估混凝土芯的徐变和收缩、面内变形、内力和面内屈曲荷载的重要影响,并通过有限元结果进行验证。比较线性和非线性分析的结果,两者在变形和荷载能力方面的变化范围明显不同。为了结构安全起见,采用更为可靠的非线性分析来进行钢管混凝土拱的长期性能分析和稳定性评估。因此,尽管线性屈曲分析能够预测铰支钢管混凝土深拱的面内屈曲荷载,在设计时也应使用非线性屈曲分析来评估铰支和固支钢管混凝土扁拱的长期正常使用极限状态。     

局部承压矩形钢管混凝土短柱力学性能研究

基于单调荷载作用下钢材和混凝土的应力-应变关系模型,考虑了材料本构关系的非线性以及不同材料之间的接触关系,采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,建立了矩形钢管混凝土短柱在局压偏压下的非线性有限元计算模型。计算分析矩形钢管混凝土受局压偏压时的荷载-变形全过程关系曲线,计算曲线与试验曲线吻合较好。通过分析局压面积比、截面含钢率、钢材和混凝土强度以及端板厚度等对钢管混凝土局压力学性能的影响规律,较深入地了解矩形钢管混凝土受局压偏压荷载时的工作机制。最后,在系统参数分析结果的基础上,提出矩形钢管混凝土局压偏压承载力简化计算方法。     

钢管加固钢筋混凝土短柱的偏压性能试验和计算方法研究

为获悉钢管加固钢筋混凝土柱(RCSST)的偏压性能与受力机理,对10根RCSST短柱开展了偏压性能试验,研究了短边偏心率、长边偏心率和芯柱混凝土面积占比等参数对其偏压性能的影响,得到了典型的试验现象、破坏模式、极限承载力、位移延性系数和强度提高系数的变化规律,通过荷载-位移曲线和荷载-应变曲线的发展规律揭示了RCSST短柱在偏心受压作用下的受力机理,提出了RCSST短柱的偏压承载力计算方法。研究结果表明:RCSST短柱偏压试件的主要破坏模式包括后置钢管局部屈曲、钢管焊缝处发生部分撕裂、内部高强灌浆料压溃和纵筋屈曲;其偏压极限承载力随着偏心率和芯柱混凝土面积占比的减小而增大;其延性随着偏心率和芯柱混凝土面积占比的增大有明显改善。     

圆钢管高强混凝土叠合短柱轴压力学性能研究

为研究圆钢管高强混凝土叠合短柱轴压力学性能,对该类构件进行了试验与有限元研究。通过试验获得了其破坏全过程及荷载-应变曲线;基于有限元模型,重点分析了轴压全过程下钢管混凝土部件和钢筋混凝土部件的承载力分配,以及钢管与混凝土之间的接触作用。结果表明:试件破坏形态表现为混凝土保护层压溃剥落与钢筋屈服;钢管混凝土部件在轴压过程中承载力未下降;当试件荷载达到N_u时,钢管混凝土部件达到其承载力的84%。基于试验和有限元结果与相关设计规范计算结果的对比,对圆钢管高强混凝土叠合短柱的轴压承载力计算方法提出了建议。     

纯压圆弧形钢管桁架拱平面内稳定性能及设计方法

目前针对钢管桁架拱平面内稳定性能及承载力的研究较少,缺少相应的设计方法。提出了钢管桁架拱截面剪切刚度表达式,考虑剪切变形的影响推导了纯压两铰圆弧桁架拱屈曲荷载的简化计算公式以及换算长细比表达式。基于有限元方法,全面分析了截面高宽比、矢跨比、腹杆夹角及腹杆截面尺寸等不同参数对平面桁架拱和空间桁架拱弹性屈曲性能的影响,结果表明采用简化公式与有限元分析结果吻合良好。借鉴实腹拱和格构柱的稳定设计方法,采用大挠度弹塑性有限元法系统研究了平面及空间纯压桁架拱的相关稳定承载力,发现节间弦杆长细比与桁架拱整体长细比的比值是衡量局部稳定对整体稳定影响的关键参数,在此基础上提炼出纯压桁架拱的相关作用影响系数,并拟合得到了纯压桁架拱的稳定设计曲线,从而为一般荷载作用下压弯桁架拱的稳定承载力的设计奠定了基础。     

反复荷载作用后新型钢管混凝土柱-混凝土梁节点的轴压试验研究

为了解新型钢管混凝土柱-混凝土梁节点在地震后的力学性能,对经历了低周反复荷载作用的节点试件进行轴压试验,探讨该新型节点在轴压荷载作用下的破坏形态、极限承载力及其应变特点。试验结果表明,试件在轴压过程出现两种不同的破坏形式,其中节点截面尺寸较小的试件表现为节点的破坏,而节点截面尺寸较大的试件则表现为柱钢管屈曲失效,并明确两种不同的破坏形式中,节点钢筋网在震后带损伤的情况下仍能够充分发挥其强度,节点在钢筋网约束与扩大横截面的局压受力机理作用下其承载力得到提高。通过合理设计的新型节点的承载力可高于钢管混凝土柱的承载力,可实现"强节点,弱构件"的抗震理念。     

钢管混凝土复合短柱轴压性能试验研究

钢管混凝土复合柱由钢管混凝土柱肢和钢筋混凝土联接板组成。以柱肢钢管壁厚和联接板厚度为试验参数,对7个复合短柱试件进行轴压性能试验研究,同时进行了与复合柱试件组成相对应的4个钢管混凝土柱构件和3个钢筋混凝土板构件的轴压试验。研究复合短柱在轴压荷载作用下的破坏模式和荷载 位移曲线,对比分析试件与对应构件的荷载 应变曲线,研究柱肢钢管壁厚和联接板厚度对复合短柱轴压承载力的影响。试验结果表明：轴压复合短柱受力全过程分为弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段和塑性发展阶段;轴压复合短柱的破坏特征为钢筋混凝土联接板混凝土压碎,此时钢管混凝土柱肢的受力状态与对应的钢管混凝土构件的受力状态不同,钢管混凝土柱肢并没有充分发挥其自身的承载能力;在复合短柱的轴压承载力计算中应引入柱肢承载力折减系数,该系数与柱肢套箍系数相关;通过对现有的钢管混凝土轴压短柱的试验数据进行回归分析,拟合得到柱肢承载力折减系数的经验计算公式;按照建议方法计算得到的复合短柱的轴压承载力与试验结果吻合良好。     

In-plane strength of concrete-filled steel tubular circular arches

More than 400 concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) arch bridges have been constructed worldwide so far. However, design codes or guidance for the in-plane strength design of CFST arches are yet to be developed. In current design practice, the philosophy for the in-plane strength design of reinforced and prestressed concrete arches is widely adopted for CFST arches. For this, the CFST arches are considered under central or eccentric axial compression and are treated similarly to CFST columns, and the classical buckling load of CFST columns is used as the reference elastic buckling load of CFST arches. However, under transverse loading, the in-plane elastic buckling behaviour of CFST arches, particularly shallow CFST arches, is very different from that of CFST columns under axial compression. In addition, different from CFST columns under central or eccentric axial compression, CFST arches are subjected to significant nonlinear bending actions and transverse deformations prior to buckling and these will influence the strength of CFST arches greatly. Therefore, it is doubtful if the current method for in-plane strength design of CFST arches can provide correct strength predictions. In this paper, a method for the in-plane strength design of CFST circular arches, which is consistent with the current major design codes for steel structures, is developed by considering both geometric and material nonlinearities. A design equation for the in-plane strength capacity of CFST arches under uniform compression, and a lower-bound design equation for the in-plane strength check of CFST arches under combined actions of bending and compression are proposed.     

工形截面钢拱考虑腹板局部屈曲的承载力设计方法研究

把工形截面钢拱的腹板做高做薄是提高其承载力的有效方法之一。该文采用大挠度弹塑性壳单元模型,研究焊接工形截面两铰圆弧钢拱在允许腹板局部屈曲条件下的平面内稳定承载力及其设计方法,其中考虑钢拱几何初始缺陷和残余应力的影响。首先,对钢拱在均匀轴压力作用下的承载力和破坏机理进行有限元数值分析和参数研究,考察拱截面腹板高厚比、钢拱几何长细比、截面翼缘腹板板厚比和翼缘宽厚比对钢拱稳定系数的影响。在设定的钢拱翼缘宽厚比范围内,基于大量的钢拱承载力数值分析结果,提炼出腹板高厚比和翼缘腹板板厚比组合效应的等效正则化腹板高厚比,进而获得钢拱稳定系数与等效正则化腹板高厚比以及钢拱正则化长细比之间关系的计算公式。其次,研究压弯组合作用下钢拱腹板高厚比变化对钢拱整体稳定承载力的影响,揭示钢拱压弯组合作用下的破坏机理及稳定承载力。最后通过对大量钢拱算例进行不同压弯组合工况下的极限承载力分析,提出了钢拱在一般荷载或组合荷载作用下承载力设计的计算公式。     

Flexural-torsional buckling of shallow arches with open thin-walled section under uniform radial loads

An arch with an open thin-walled section that is subjected to a radial load uniformly distributed around the arch axis may suddenly buckle out of its plane of loading and fail in a flexural-torsional buckling mode. The classical flexural-torsional buckling load for an arch with an open thin-walled section under a uniform radial load has been obtained by a number of researchers, based on the consideration that the uniform radial load produces a uniform axial compressive force without in-plane bending prior to the occurrence of flexural-torsional buckling. This assumption is correct for deep arches. However, the uniform radial load may produce substantial bending actions in shallow arches prior to flexural-torsional buckling, and so the classical buckling analysis based on the assumption of uniform axial compression may produce incorrect flexural-torsional buckling loads for shallow arches. This paper investigates the flexural-torsional buckling of shallow arches with an open thin-walled section that are subjected to a radial load uniformly distributed around the arch axis. It is found that shallow arches under a uniform radial load are subjected to combined in-plane compressive and bending actions prior to flexural-torsional buckling, and that using the classical buckling solution for circular arches under uniform compression produces incorrect buckling loads for shallow arches. A rational finite element model is developed for the flexural-torsional buckling and postbuckling analysis of shallow arches with an open thin-walled section, which allows the buckling loads to be obtained correctly.     

钢管混凝土柱轴压力-弯矩-扭矩空间复合受力拟静力试验研究

采用自行设计的压力-弯矩-扭矩复合受力加载装置,基于力-位移混合控制加载方法,完成了8个钢管混凝土柱试件在压-弯-扭等复合荷载作用下的拟静力试验,变化了截面形式、加载方式和弯扭比等参数。试验结果表明：圆钢管混凝土柱和矩形钢管混凝土柱在压-弯-扭等复合受力往复荷载作用下的滞回曲线较为饱满,没有“捏拢”现象产生,具有较好的耗能能力;弯扭比较大的矩形钢管混凝土试件在扭转角较大时由于钢管底部局部屈曲较为明显,存在承载力退化现象;钢管混凝土截面轴向应变基本满足平截面假定;弯矩的存在将削弱钢管混凝土柱的受扭能力;在压-弯-扭等复合受力往复荷载作用下,钢管剪应变与扭转角之间存在较好的线性关系。对试验实测结果和已有文献分析表明：在弯扭比较大时由主压应力导致钢管表面发生局部鼓曲而破坏,弯扭比较小时,主拉应变将导致钢管混凝土柱表面在低周往复荷载作用下开裂。研究成果可为进一步开发考虑扭转作用的钢管混凝土纤维梁单元提供基础性依据。     

Seismic performance and collapse prevention of concrete-filled thin-walled steel tubular arches

The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the seismic behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) arches using incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). A nonlinear elastic–plastic finite element model is developed using OpenSees software and is verified with a shaking table test. Single-record IDA studies indicate that a CFST arch undergoes global dynamic instability when subjected to ground motions of increasing intensity levels. During this process, either dynamic elastic buckling or dynamic elastic–plastic buckling may occur. Dynamic strength, which is defined as the capacity for preventing global dynamic instabilities of CFST arches, is determined with a series of multi-record IDA calculations. A lower bound equation that takes into account the effect of slenderness ratio, axial compression ratio, and included angle is proposed for the prediction of the dynamic strength of CFST arches.     

Performance-based analysis of concrete-filled steel tubular beam–columns,Part II: Verification and applications

The theory and algorithms of a performance-based analysis (PBA) technique for the nonlinear analysis and performance-based design of thin-walled concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) beam–columns with local buckling effects were presented in a companion paper. Initial local buckling and effective strength/width formulas for steel plates are incorporated in the PBA program to account for local buckling effects. Performance indices are used in the PBA program to quantify the section, axial ductility and curvature ductility performance of thin-walled CFST beam–columns. This paper presents the verification and applications of the PBA program developed. The axial load–strain curves, ultimate axial loads and moment–curvature curves for thin-walled CFST columns predicted by the PBA program are verified by experimental data. The PBA program is then utilized to investigate the effects of local buckling, depth-to-thickness ratio, concrete compressive strengths, steel yield strengths and axial load levels on the stiffness, strength and ductility performance of thin-walled CFST beam–columns under axial load and biaxial bending. The PBA technique developed is shown to be efficient and accurate and can be used directly in the performance-based design of thin-walled CFST beam–columns and implemented in advanced analysis programs for composite columns and frames.     

Nonlinear analysis of circular concrete-filled steel tubular short columns under eccentric loading

This paper presents an effective theoretical model for the nonlinear inelastic analysis of circular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) short columns under eccentric loading. Accurate material constitutive relationships for normal and high strength concrete confined by either normal or high strength circular steel tubes are incorporated in the theoretical model to account for confinement effects that increase both the strength and ductility of concrete. The predicted ultimate bending strengths and complete moment-curvature responses of circular CFST columns under eccentric loading are compared with existing experimental results to examine the accuracy of the theoretical model developed. The fundamental behavior of circular CFST beam-columns with various diameter-to-thickness ratios, concrete compressive strengths, steel yield strengths, axial load levels and sectional shapes is studied using the verified theoretical model. Based on extensive numerical studies, a new design model for determining the ultimate pure bending strengths of circular CFST beam-columns is proposed. The theoretical model and formulas developed are shown to be effective simulation and design tools for the nonlinear inelastic behavior of circular CFST beam-columns under eccentric loading.     

In-plane buckling behavior of slender parabolic concrete-filled steel tubular arches with fixed ends

现有规范采用“等效梁柱法”计算长细比不超过80的钢管混凝土拱的平面内稳定承载力,而实际工程中有近20%拱桥拱肋长细比超过上述限值,即大长细比钢管混凝土拱。因此,利用ABAQUS建立了有限元分析模型,在基于现有试验数据验证模型可靠性的基础上,对大长细比抛物线形钢管混凝土无铰拱在竖向均布荷载作用下的平面内稳定性能进行了分析,研究了长细比、矢跨比、含钢率、混凝土强度和钢材强度对拱肋平面内稳定承载力的影响;基于参数分析结果,对现有平面内整体稳定系数公式进行修正,提出了大长细比抛物线形钢管混凝土拱平面内稳定承载力设计公式。结果表明：拱肋稳定承载力随长细比增大显著降低,随矢跨比和含钢率增加近似线性提高。其中,矢跨比对大长细比拱肋影响更为显著,而含钢率对采用高强钢的拱肋影响更大;所提出的设计公式计算结果与有限元分析结果吻合良好,有限元分析结果与公式预测结果比值的均值为1.02~1.08,标准差为0.039~0.051,变异系数为3.74%~4.72%。     

In-plane strength and design of parabolic arches

In the current AASHTO LRFD, the arch design formula is based on the bilinear interaction relationship between two extreme cases of the axial and the flexural strength. However, this method is not suitable for the design of the shallow arch which may buckle in a symmetric snap-through mode. Also, the use of the constant reduction factor for the design of arches leads to a conservative design. This paper investigates the in-plane buckling strength and design of parabolic arches. Firstly, the thresholds for the different buckling modes of shallow parabolic arches are summarized and boundaries for the deep and shallow arches are reported. The inelastic strengths of parabolic deep arches based on the finite element analyses are then compared with those presented in AASHTO LRFD. From the results, it is found that AASHTO LRFD provides good predictions of buckling strengths for the parabolic arches under only axial compression, while the bilinear interaction relationship provides conservative values for the in-plane strength of parabolic arches due to the use of constant reduction factors that can be applied regardless of loading and boundary conditions. The modified formulas for reduction factors are proposed for various loading and boundary conditions in this study. It is found that modified formulas for reduction factors show good match with the results obtained from finite element analyses.     

In-Plane Stability of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Parabolic Truss Arches

For determining the in-plane buckling resistance of a concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) arch, the current technical code GB50923-2013 specifies the use of an equivalent beam-column method which ignores the effect of rise-to-span ratio. This may induce a gap between the calculated result and actual stability capacity. In this study, a FE model is used to predict the buckling behavior of CFST truss arches subjected to uniformly distributed loads. The influence of rise-to-span ratio on the capacity of truss arches is investigated, and it is found that the stability capacity reduces as rise-to-span ratio declines. Besides, the calculations of equivalent slenderness ratio for different truss sections are made to consider the effect of shear deformation. Moreover, based on FE results, a new design equation is proposed to predict the in-plane strength of CFST parabolic truss arches under uniformly distributed loads.