甘油法环氧氯丙烷的生产技术

介绍了环氧氯丙烷的生产工艺概况。比较了丙烯高温氯化法、醋酸丙烯酯法、甘油法的优缺点。指出在中国石油资源短缺的背景下,甘油法生产环氧氯丙烷清洁生产路线是发展方向。     

我国环氧氯丙烷合成技术研究进展

环氧氯丙烷是一种重要的有机化工原料和精细化工产品。其工业上环氧氯丙烷的生产方法主要是丙烯高温氯化法、乙酸丙烯酯法和甘油氯化皂化法这3种。其中甘油氯化皂化法具有较明显的原料成本优势,利用它制备环氧氯丙烷可以摆脱丙烯紧缺的制约而备受关注。介绍了甘油法合成环氧氯丙烷的技术研究进展以及环氧氯丙烷废水处理技术的研究进展,指出了其今后的发展方向。     

中国环氧氯丙烷行业未来竞争将十分激烈

环氧氯丙烷（ECH）别名表氯醇，是一种重要的有机化工原料和精细化工产品。目前，世界上环氧氯丙烷的工业生产方法主要有丙烯高温氯化法、醋酸丙烯酯法和甘油法3种。其中丙烯高温氯化法是目前国内外最主要的生产方法，而甘油法由于经济环保，将成为今后环氧氯丙烷生产的发展方向。     

环氧氯丙烷行业发展趋势分析

环氧氯丙烷是重要的有机化工原料,主要用于生产环氧树脂、合成甘油、硝化甘油炸药、玻璃钢、电绝缘品、表面活性剂、医药、农药、涂料、离子交换树脂、增塑剂、氯醇橡胶等多种产品。1环氧氯丙烷主要工业化生产技术目前,工业上环氧氯丙烷的生产方法主要有以丙烯为原料的丙烯高温氯化法、醋酸丙烯酯法和以甘油为原料的甘油法3种。1.1丙烯高温氯化法丙烯高温氯化法是工业上生产环氧氯丙烷的经典方法,由美国Shell公司于1948年首次开发成功并应用于工业化生产。目前,世界上90%以上的环     

在我国采用甘油法生产环氧氯丙烷的探讨

从环氧氯丙烷市场供需分析、甘油法与传统丙烯高温氯化法的比较、甘油资源量及获取渠道、甘油法在我国的工业化进程及存在的问题等方面,对我国采用甘油法进行环氧氯丙烷生产进行了探讨。     

国内外环氧氯丙烷市场分析

环氧氯丙烷(ECH)别名表氯醇,是一种重要的有机化工原料和精细化工产品,主要用于生产环氧树脂、合成甘油、氯醇橡胶以及缩水甘油醚类等。此外,环氧氯丙烷还可用于合成硝化甘油炸药、玻璃钢、电绝缘品、表面活性剂、医药、农药、涂料、胶料、离子交换树脂、增塑剂等多种产品,用做纤维素酯、树脂以及纤维素醚等的溶剂,用于生产化学稳定剂、染料和水处理剂等,开发利用前景广阔。目前,世界上环氧氯丙烷的工业生产方法主要有丙烯高温氯化法、醋酸丙烯酯法和甘油法3种,其中丙烯高温氯化法是目前国内外最主要的生产方法,而甘油法由于经济环保,将成为今后环氧氯丙烷生产的发展方向。     

环氧气丙烷的发展前景

一、环氧氯丙烷的工业生产方法 目前,环氧氯丙烷的工业生产方法主要有三种：丙烯高温氯化法、醋酸丙烯醋法和甘油法。     

甘油法合成环氧氯丙烷的设备和管道腐蚀和防护

环氧氯丙烷(Epichlorohydrin)是一种重要的有机化工原料,主要用在合成环氧树脂,还应用与表面活性剂,阻燃剂,水处理剂等方面,合成环氧氯丙烷的方法有乙酸丙烯酯法,丙烯高温氯化法和甘油法,前两种方法在工业中应用最多,甘油法由于投资少,生产过程不需要氯气,环保等优点,是以后合成环氧氯丙烷的主要途径。     

化工大数据 图说环氧氯丙烷

正环氧氯丙烷是一种有机化合物,主要用于制环氧树脂。也是一种含氧物质的稳定剂和化学中间体、环氧基及苯氧基树脂之主要原料,用作制造甘油、熟化丙烯基橡胶、纤维素酯及醚之溶剂、纸业之高湿强度树脂。中等毒性,动物实验证明有潜在致癌作用,应避免长期接触。2019年,受环保高压政策影响,环氧氯丙烷整体行情处于近几年新高。环氧氯丙烷生产工艺目前世界上ECH的工业生产方法,主要有丙烯高温氯化法、醋酸丙烯酯法和甘油法3种。丙烯高温氯化法是目前国内外最主要的生产方法。甘油法由于更加经济、环保,有望成为今后ECH技术的发展方向。     

环氧氯丙烷的生产技术及其进展

介绍了环氧氯丙烷传统生产方法丙烯高温氯化法和醋酸丙烯酯法的技术特点,重点介绍了氯丙烯直接氧化法和甘油法生产技术的研究开发进展,并对各种生产方法的技术经济进行了对比,提出了其今后的发展方向。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.