单轴受压下再生混凝土的损伤特性研究

利用超声检测技术,以超声波波速的衰减来度量损伤,对单轴受压条件下不同再生粗骨料取代率再生混凝土的损伤进行实时超声试验。通过试验研究了不同再生粗骨料取代率下再生混凝土损伤随单轴压应力的变化规律.试验结果表明再生粗骨料取代率对单轴压应力下混凝土损伤影响显著,且不应忽视混凝土在极限压应力以前的损伤。在考虑单轴压应力、再生混凝土初始强度影响因素下,建立了再生混凝土损伤关系模型。     

超高应变率下岩石的破坏机理

通过对大理石的轻气炮试验进行三维数值仿真重现,探索了岩石在超高应变率下的破坏机理.大理石试样中两个高速应力计的实测应力信号被用作数值模拟的匹配目标,结果表明,在高速冲击压缩载荷下,细观静水压破坏是大理石的主要破坏机制,而不是通常认为的细观剪切或拉伸破坏.此外,为再现不同冲击速度下大理石的物理实验观测数据,提出了新的考虑...     

早龄期混凝土力学性能试验及其单轴本构模型

为了研究早龄期混凝土的立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、静力受压弹性模量以及单轴受压应力应变曲线的规律,进行了系统的加载试验和试验数据分析.总结了早龄期阶段力学指标随龄期的变化规律以及与立方体抗压强度之间的换算关系,通过拟合相关参数,提出了分段式的受压应力应变全曲线拟合公式,拟合结果与试验数据吻合较好.试验结果表明,早龄期C40混凝土的强度和弹性模量随着龄期非线性增长,7 d是增长变化的分界时点;随着龄期的增长,峰值应变减少,脆性变大;早龄期C40混凝土的单轴受压应力应变曲线与充分养护龄期混凝土形状相似.     

基于离散元的岩石单轴压缩实验模拟及断裂特性分析

利用20 t级单轴实验机对大庆三肇地区深层岩石进行单轴压缩实验。基于室内实验力学得到岩石物理参数及单轴压缩所能测出的接触参数,通过离散元软件虚拟参数标定得到与室内实验相似力学性质的模拟岩石试样,并通过离散元软件EDEM对该岩石试样进行单轴压缩实验模拟,得到应力⁃应变曲线,通过对应力⁃应变曲线得到阶段性的破坏过程,研究了在单轴应力条件下岩石破坏的阶段性形态及微观的力链断裂特征及不同时刻黏结键数目与时间的关系。研究表明,在单轴压缩过程中脆性岩石没有较大的变形,力链断裂的方式为直接断裂,没有发生很大的形变。产生这种破坏的原因可能是岩石中裂隙的发生和发展的结果。     

Experimental study on biaxial mechanical behavior of concrete suffered high temperature and constitutive model

Biaxial compression tests on plain concrete suffered high temperature ranging from 200℃ to 600℃ were carried out using the large-scale dynamic-static tri-axial concrete test system at the State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering with designated stress ratios of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1, respectively. The measured strength and strain were reported and the changes in both biaxial compressive failure envelopes and strains at peak stresses were analyzed. The regressive equation of initial elastic modulus in the biggest principal compressive stress direction was derived from test results. With the published results from previous biaxial tension-compression experiments, a three-parameter failure criterion has been proposed. A biaxial nonlinear elastic incremental constitutive model was developed for the compressive stress directions by using the equivalent uniaxial strain values deduced from test results. Analytical results obtained from the proposed biaxial constitutive model achieve good agreement with the experimental results.     

Mechanical and damage evolution properties of sandstone under triaxial compression

To study the mechanical and damage evolution properties of sandstone under triaxial compression,we analyzed the stress strain curve characteristics,deformation and strength properties,and failure process and characteristics of sandstone samples under different stress states.The experimental results reveal that peak strength,residual strength,elasticity modulus and deformation modulus increase linearly with confining pressure,and failure models transform from fragile failure under low confining pressure to ductility failure under high confining pressure.Macroscopic failure forms of samples under uniaxial compression were split failure parallel to the axis of samples,while macroscopic failure forms under uniaxial compression were shear failure,the shear failure angle of which decreased linearly with confining pressure.There were significant volume dilatation properties in the loading process of sandstone under different confining pressures,and we analyzed the damage evolution properties of samples based on acoustic emission damage and volumetric dilatation damage,and established damage constitutive model,realizing the real-time quantitative evaluation of samples damage state in loading process.     

层状盐穴储库中盐岩和泥岩蠕变特性试验研究

针对层状盐穴储气库中不同岩性之间变形不协调问题,本文利用四川大学大型程控流变仪对盐岩和含盐泥岩两种岩石进行了常规单轴加载和单轴多级加载的蠕变的对比试验研究,重点探讨了两者蠕变力学特性之间的异同。研究结果表明：盐岩的塑性变形能力、流变特性明显强于含盐泥岩,因加载应力产生的瞬时应变量均呈先减小后增大的趋势,与常规单轴下张拉破坏不同,长期蠕变试验条件下,两者均以张剪型破坏为主;同等应力百分比情况下,盐岩的稳态蠕变率明显高于含盐泥岩,稳态蠕变率随着加载应力的增加而增大,并呈指数型函数变化,盐岩对应力的敏感性明显强于含盐泥岩;利用等时应力-应变曲线拐点法对两种岩石的长期强度值进行分析,得到盐岩的长期强度值为12MPa,为短期抗压强度的48%,含盐泥岩的长期强度值为34~36MPa,较短期抗压强度下降约30%,盐岩的长期强度值与短期抗压强度的比值远低于大多数岩石的比值。     

冲击荷载下的新浇混凝土损伤特性及强度试验研究

以新浇混凝土养护过程会受到各类工程振动的作用与影响为工程背景,结合静载试验与冲击动载试验,得出冲击荷载影响下新浇混凝土的强度随龄期的变化规律。通过基于Weibull分布的统计损伤模型得出混凝土关于龄期的动态损伤本构模型。采用SHPB压杆装置进行混凝土试件破坏试验,得出在混凝土不同龄期的冲击动载下,混凝土抗压强度与静载下抗压强度的比值均为2:1左右;随着龄期的增长,混凝土试件受冲击破坏的破碎程度越来越小。采用SHPB压杆装置对不同龄期的混凝土做加载损伤试验,得出了冲击荷载下混凝土最薄弱龄期区段及其强度降低率达到峰值的龄期。     

高温后灌浆料静动态单轴受压力学性能

灌浆料是套筒灌浆连接的关键组成部分。通过36个试件的单轴受压试验,设置静、动态加载应变率,研究高温后灌浆料的力学性能。结果表明：预烘干(105 ℃、120min)结合升温速率5 ℃/min的复合措施抑制了灌浆料(抗压强度85.7MPa)的爆裂;灌浆料试件的失效模式为竖向通缝式开裂;动态加载应变率(0.067s-1)下的高温后试件峰值应力普遍高于静态下的值,最高可达29.6%;高温后灌浆料应力-应变归一化曲线包括上升、下降两部分,二者均呈现非线性发展特征;通过试验数据的拟合分析,建立高温后灌浆料单轴受压归一化静动态本构模型,并将其应用于高温后套筒灌浆连接高应力反复拉压的有限元模拟分析,率先实现模拟对象的套筒外钢筋断裂,且模拟对象的荷载-位移曲线、峰值荷载等特征与实测结果吻合度较高,并得到400℃为高温作用后套筒灌浆连接失效模式转变的临界温度。     

高温后灌浆料静动态单轴受压力学性能

灌浆料是套筒灌浆连接的关键组成部分。通过36个试件的单轴受压试验,设置静、动态加载应变率,研究高温后灌浆料的力学性能。结果表明：预烘干(105 ℃、120min)结合升温速率5 ℃/min的复合措施抑制了灌浆料(抗压强度85.7MPa)的爆裂;灌浆料试件的失效模式为竖向通缝式开裂;动态加载应变率(0.067s-1)下的高温后试件峰值应力普遍高于静态下的值,最高可达29.6%;高温后灌浆料应力-应变归一化曲线包括上升、下降两部分,二者均呈现非线性发展特征;通过试验数据的拟合分析,建立高温后灌浆料单轴受压归一化静动态本构模型,并将其应用于高温后套筒灌浆连接高应力反复拉压的有限元模拟分析,率先实现模拟对象的套筒外钢筋断裂,且模拟对象的荷载-位移曲线、峰值荷载等特征与实测结果吻合度较高,并得到400℃为高温作用后套筒灌浆连接失效模式转变的临界温度。     

单轴压缩荷载下含黏结面花岗岩能量演化研究

为探究能量演化在含黏结面不完整岩石受载过程中的规律,选取带有矿物质黏结斜面的花岗岩进行单轴循环加卸载压缩试验,同时在试验过程中进行声发射检测.得到以下结论:"有效能比"(累积弹性能/输入岩石的总能)可以作为岩石储能水平的表征,也可间接反映岩石内部结构随应力状态的改变;从整个加载过程来看,黏结面部位破坏的声发射释能短促、强烈,峰值强度时声发射持续时间较长,但声发射释能率相比黏结面破坏时较低;应力水平较低时,卸载过程中一般不会有声发射现象或声发射现象基本可以忽略,但当应力水平达到一定值时,即花岗岩积聚的弹性能超过了黏结面部位破坏的耗散能时,花岗岩在卸载时会发生短促、强烈的脆性破坏;由于声发射能量属于耗散能的一部分,定义"声发射检测效率"(声发射累积能量/累积耗散能),对于本次试验对象而言,"声发射检测效率"在压密阶段降低,弹性阶段升高,黏结面局部破坏时达到峰值,之后直至峰值强度该值呈现持续降低趋势;从能量角度分析,卸载破裂所对应的应力水平低于加载强度,但不应低于与峰值强度时耗散能大小相等的弹性能所对应的应力水平.     

考虑非贯通节理损伤演化岩体复合本构模型

非贯通节理岩体的力学特征与完整岩石相比有较大差异.为推导非贯通节理岩体在单轴压缩下的复合损伤本构模型,采用修正自洽方法考虑不同损伤变量之间的复合.从附加应变能增量和损伤应变能释放量相关联的思路出发,采用等效直线裂纹作为节理裂隙损伤演化轨迹,分别计算细观损伤、初始节理和节理裂隙损伤演化引起的附加应变能;基于Betti能量互易定理,引入自洽方法考虑节理裂隙之间的相互作用,并采用逐条添加节理的方法对传统自洽方法进行修正,得出岩体不同受力阶段细观、初始节理和节理裂隙损伤演化的复合损伤本构模型;将本构模型的理论计算结果与现有文献的室内试验结果进行对比分析,结果显示:本构模型的理论计算结果与室内试验结果规律一致,随着节理个数增加,初始弹性模量和荷载峰值均呈下降趋势,下降幅度较为一致;节理裂隙的损伤演化对岩体的力学特性有重要影响,考虑节理裂隙损伤演化的理论应力应变曲线和荷载峰值与室内试验结果更为吻合,有效验证了复合损伤本构模型的正确性与合理性.     

不同冲击荷载下花岗岩力学和能量耗散特性

为探究不同冲击荷载条件下花岗岩的动力学特性,采用分离式霍普金森压杆分别对花岗岩试样进行单次和重复冲击荷载试验,并对试样的应力-应变响应、应变率曲线特征、能量耗散特性以及破坏形态进行综合分析.结果表明:单次冲击下,试样动态抗压强度与比能量呈现对数函数关系,试样破坏程度随着比能量的增加而逐渐增大；随着入射波峰值应力的增加,应力-应变曲线峰后段的回弹现象逐渐减弱,应变率曲线呈现出愈加明显的“双峰”特征,其第2波峰逐渐高于第1波峰.重复冲击作用下,当试样未破坏时,应力-应变曲线基本经历弹性加载、损伤演化和峰后回弹3个阶段,当试样经历最后一次冲击时,应力-应变曲线峰后段形状与试样的破坏程度有关.此外,试样破坏时的累积比能量越大,其破坏越严重,应变率曲线由“单峰”逐渐向“双峰”过渡.     

Statistical damage constitutive model for concrete materials under uniaxial compression

According to the damage mechanism of concrete material during the uniaxial compressive failure process,this paper further establishes the statistical damage constitutive model of concrete subjected to uniaxial compressive stress based on the statistical damage model under uniaxial tension. The damage evolution law in the direction subjected to pressure is confirmed by the tensile damage evolution process of lateral deformation due to the Poisson effect,and then the compressive stress-strain relationship is defined. The peak nominal stress state and the critical state occurring in the macro longitudinal distributed splitting cracks are distinguished. The whole loading process can be divided into the even damage phase and the local breakage phase. The concrete specimen is divided into the failure process zone and the resting unloading zone. The size effects during the local breakage phase under the uniaxial monotonic compressive process and the hysteretic phenomenon under the cyclic compressive loading process are analyzed. Finally,the comparison between theoretical results and experimental results preliminarily verifies the rationality and feasibility of understanding the failure mechanism of concrete through the statistical damage constitutional law.     

再生混凝土单轴力学性能指标统一计算方法

对大量再生混凝土单轴力学性能试验资料进行整理分析,基于统计分析方法,在借鉴普通混凝土力学模型的基础上,对不同取代率下再生混凝土的各种力学性能指标进行统一分析,提出了适用于不同取代率下再生混凝土的立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、轴心抗拉强度、劈裂抗拉强度、弹性模量、轴心受压峰值应变和轴心受拉峰值应变的统一计算公式,建立了再生混凝土单轴受压、受拉的应力‐应变全曲线表达式,并将公式计算结果与试验结果进行对比。结果表明：计算结果与试验结果吻合较好;提出的再生混凝土单轴力学性能指标统一计算公式精度较高。     

橡胶混凝土受压破坏机理的余能基面力元分析

建立橡胶混凝土二维混合随机骨料模型，基于余能原理基面力元法对橡胶混凝土的细观力学性能进行分析，获得了应力-应变曲线图、破坏过程图和最大主应力、应变云图，模拟了橡胶混凝土破坏过程，分析了橡胶混凝土受压破坏机理，并探究了橡胶颗粒的不同粒径及掺量对橡胶混凝土抗压强度的影响。结果表明，抗压强度随着橡胶掺量的提高，明显降低。相同掺量下，采用大粒径的橡胶颗粒可以使抗压强度略有提高。破坏最开始发生于橡胶颗粒较为密集区域，故而在配置橡胶混凝土时应尽量将橡胶颗粒分散均匀。该模型为分析并预测橡胶混凝土的细观力学性能提供了新方法。     

基于破坏类型的本溪灰岩本构关系研究

根据单轴和三轴条件下本溪灰岩的压缩试验和峰后循环加载试验,总结本溪灰岩的强度、变形随围压的变化规律,研究不同围压下本溪灰岩的破坏过程和重复加载过程,分析不同应力条件下本溪灰岩破坏的方式.结果表明:本溪灰岩在应力刚过峰值且未完全进入残余强度阶段,其弹性模量与峰前相同,此阶段进行循环加载时,新的峰值应力低于卸载点应力;在残余强度阶段,残余强度不再随重复加载发生明显变化;采用比较峰值时的环向弹性应变值与环向应变值的方法来判别本溪灰岩的破坏类型是可行的;不同围压下,本溪灰岩的破坏方式有张性破坏和剪切破坏2种类型,这2种破坏方式下本构模型的控制参数是不同的.分别选取了环向应变和剪切应变作为控制参数建立了本构模型,该模型很好地描述了本溪灰岩峰后阶段的应力脆性跌落现象及应力与应变的关系.     

单轴加卸载条件下岩盐变形过程能量和声发射特征研究 （研究生论坛）

利用 MTS815 Flex Test GT 岩石力学试验系统及声发射(AE)实时监测系统,对取自平顶山和淮安两处矿井的纯盐岩进行了单抽加卸载试验,得到了岩盐的应力-应变加卸载曲线、声发射振铃计数率和能量率曲线,并且从能量与声发射的角度研究了纯岩盐变形破坏过程的基本特征。通过研究表明,岩盐单轴加卸载条件下,弹性变形阶段很短,屈服过程产生很大的塑形变形,且峰后的变形过程没有应力的急剧下降,整个实验过程中加卸、载之间滞回环面积很微小。在整个实验过程中,弹性应变能占的比例非常的小;盐岩单轴加卸载变形破坏过程中,其耗散能随应变一直增加,且增长率递增,而当应力接近峰值时,增长率趋于恒定,耗散能曲线开始呈线性增长;弹性应变能在峰前一直增加,且增长率递减,在峰值处达到最大值,峰后开始下降。岩盐在试验初始阶段振铃计数率与能量率便大量产生,而后在屈服阶段呈现下降进入稳定发展期,直到峰值处,出现一个累计振铃计数和累计能量曲线的拐点,峰后以一个更高的速率稳定地且呈现阶梯状发展。本文对于盐岩储气库的水溶开挖和采气过程中逐渐卸载的应力环境施工过程有一定的实际指导意义。     

Dynamic mechanical property of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HFRC)

The uniaxial compressive response of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HFRC) and steel fiber-reinforced concrete(SFRC) was analyzed under high strain rate loading with a 74 mm diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB).The experimental investigation focused on recorded data and resulted in distinguishing the strain rate that mobilized different ductility of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HFRC) and steel fiber-reinforced concrete(SFRC).64 specimens of HFRC and SFRC with higher static compressive strength were tested at the strain rates changing from 20 to 120 s-1.The static compressive strength and dynamic stress-strain curves of the two materials were obtained at 4 different strain rates and the failure stress,and peak strain and peak toughness were also analyzed.The results show that HFRC has quite good dynamic mechanical property and clear strain-rate effect,and the failure mechanism of HFRC and SFRC was also compared based on the specimens’ failure modes in static and dynamic compressive tests.     

Energy dissipation rate: An indicator of coal deformation and failure under static and dynamic compressive loads

Dynamic disasters in Chinese coal mines pose a significant threat to coal productivity. Thus, a thorough understanding of the deformation and failure processes of coal is necessary. In this study, the energy dissipation rate is proposed as a novel indicator of coal deformation and failure under static and dynamic compressive loads. The relationship between stress-strain, uniaxial compressive strength, displacement rate, loading rate, fractal dimension, and energy dissipation rate was investigated through experiments conducted using the MTS C60 tests(static loads) and split Hopkinson pressure bar system(dynamic loads). The results show that the energy dissipation rate peaks are associated with stress drop during coal deformation, and also positively related to the uniaxial compressive strength. A higher displacement rate of quasi-static loads leads to an initial increase and then a decrease in energy dissipation rate, whereas a higher loading rate of dynamic loads results in larger energy dissipation rate. Theoretical analysis indicates that a sudden increase in energy dissipation rate suggests partial fracture occurring within coal under both quasi-static and dynamic loads. Hence, the energy dissipation rate is an essential indicator of partial fracture and final failure within coal, as well as a prospective precursor for catastrophic failure in coal mine.