大庆油田三元复合驱采出液的油水分离特性

采用室内配制的模拟三元 (碱、表面活性剂、聚合物 )复合驱采出液研究了大庆油田三元复合驱采出液的油水分离特性 ,以模拟采出液为介质采用均匀设计方法研制了一种针对大庆油田三元复合驱采出液的破乳剂并测试了该破乳剂对模拟三元复合驱采出液和实际三元复合驱采出液的破乳效果。     

聚合物驱稠油破乳剂合成与复配实验研究

针对渤海聚合物驱稠油,合成了5种非离子聚醚破乳剂和3种阳离子反相破乳剂,研究了不同类型破乳剂间的复配协同作用。结果表明：（1）在非离子破乳剂中,多分支结构的破乳剂比线形结构破乳剂脱水性能强,星形高分支结构破乳剂比梳状高分支破乳剂脱水性能强;（2）非离子聚醚破乳剂之间没有产生协同效应,非离子聚醚与阳离子反相破乳剂之间产生了较好的协同效应;（3）聚合物浓度的变化对脱水速度和脱水率影响较小,但对脱出水质有明显的影响;（4）复配破乳剂FH36对含聚合物稠油具有良好的破乳效果。     

大庆油田三元复合驱采出水的稳定性及其反相破乳剂的应用

采用室内配制的模拟三元 (碱、表面活性剂、聚合物 )复合驱采出水研究了残留驱油剂含量对大庆油田三元复合驱采出水稳定性的影响规律 ,以模拟采出水为介质研制了一种针对大庆油田三元复合驱采出水的反相破乳剂FM - 3 ,FM - 3对北 1- 6 -P36井实际三元复合驱采出水 4h除油率 93 5 %。     

微波化学法原油破乳脱水工艺的优化

对原油乳状液分别采用热化学法及微波热化学法进行了破乳脱水实验。对于本实验所用含水量为78%的1#原油乳状液,采用热化学方法时,破乳剂的用量为100 mg/L,加热温度为65℃,加热9 min后,可脱水约为96.2%;而采用微波化学法时,破乳剂的用量为50 mg/L,辐射时间为10 s,沉降时间为2 min,可脱水约为94.9%。提出了原油乳状液脱水的工艺为对原油乳状液采用二次脱水处理,首先采用微波化学法,再对一次脱水后的上层原油乳状液采用加热法。对1#原油乳状液,一次微波辐射脱水后,上层油的含水量在18%左右;对上层油进行加热二次脱水后,原油的含水率小于0.3%,可得到合格原油。     

Photocatalysis: A novel approach to efficient demulsification

Using the theories of photocatalysis and emulsification, photocatalytic demulsification was introduced and studied for developing a direct method for destabilization and separation of oil-in-water emulsion. This was systematically investigated by photocatalysis and quiescent gravitational settling. The results demonstrated that the high demulsification efficiency directly correlated with photocatalysis. The photocatalytic effect and demulsifying enhancement have theoretically and experimentally been displayed and attributed to photocharge generation, redistribution of the self-oriented nano-TiO₂, and photocatalytic oxidation of emulsifiers inside oil–water interface film under illumination. The extension of the classical photocatalysis is presented and effectively shifted to a novel process for practical demulsification.     

Study on Demulsification of Crude Oil Emulsions by Microwave Chemical Method

Abstract

The demulsifying and separating experiments of crude oil emulsion were performed by using the heating method, the thermal chemical method, the microwave radiating method, and the microwave chemical method separately. The water content of this emulsion was 78 v/v%, and the type was water‐in‐oil (w/o). The influence tendencies of the key factors on demulsification effect were explored by changing the heating temperature, the demulsifier amount used and the microwave radiating time in this paper. With the microwave chemical experiments on the self‐made emulsions of different water content, the demulsification rate and separation efficiency were explored. The type of these emulsions were oil‐in‐water (o/w), water‐in‐oil (w/o) and the multiple type, related to the water content scopes which were less than 30 v/v%, more than 70 v/v% and between them, respectively. The separation effect by the microwave chemical method for the high water content crude oil emulsion was better than that of emulsion with lower water content. For the crude oil used in this experiment, the result could be obtained that the separation efficiency was about 95 v/v% under the conditions of 50 ppm of demulsifier, 10 seconds radiation time, and 1 minute settling time for the microwave chemical method.     

二元聚合物的合成及在稠油破乳中的应用

采用丙烯酸（AA）与自制丙烯酸壬基酚聚醚酯（NPEAA）为原料,在偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂,甲苯为溶剂的条件下,引发聚合制备了二元共聚物稠油破乳剂,采用FTIR、1HNMR对产物结构进行了确证,GPC测试了分子量;采用荧光光谱仪与表面张力仪测得其临界胶束浓度(CMC)为0.5g/L,表面张力为25.684mN/m。并以脱水率和脱出污水含油量为衡量指标,探讨了不同因素下聚合物破乳剂对陈庄稠油W/O乳液的破乳脱水性能,确定最佳破乳条件：温度55?C,时间2h,用量0.5g/L时,脱水率为88.5%,脱出水中含油量为198.4mg/L。研究了聚合物破乳剂对乳状液表观粘度、体系稳定性、油水界面的影响以及微观破乳过程,探讨分析得出聚合物破乳剂在油水界面更易润湿扩散,脱水速率快,破乳效果好。     

煤热解焦油化学破乳脱盐试验研究

为减少煤焦油乳状液水中大量无机盐对分馏塔冷凝器等设备的腐蚀,促进煤焦油与水分离,利用化学破乳方法对煤焦油进行了脱盐试验,探讨了煤焦油化学破乳的可行性,考察了破乳剂类型、破乳剂添加量、注水量、脱盐温度及停留时间等试验条件对煤焦油脱盐效果的影响。结果表明,自制聚醚破乳剂脱盐效果较佳,破乳剂添加量100×10~(-6),注水量15%,脱盐温度110℃,脱后煤焦油中盐含量均出现明显拐点,停留时间在一定范围内对脱盐效果影响甚微。因此,自制聚醚破乳剂较其他2种较广泛应用于煤焦油脱水的破乳剂具有更好的脱盐效果,这主要归因于其特殊结构与煤焦油中沥青质有很强的相互作用。     

Functions of Demulsifiers in the Petroleum Industry

There are an increasing number of crude oil fields that are now producing both crude oil and water emulsions; such fields are both onshore and offshore. These emulsions are formed during oil exploitation due to the presence of natural surfactants, such as asphaltenes and resins. These molecules strongly stabilize the water/oil interface and prevent coalescence of water droplets. As water/oil phase separation is necessary before oil transportation and refining, demulsifiers are used to break water-in-oil emulsions. This review presents the crude oil emulsion formation, factors affecting demulsification of crude oil emulsion such as demulsifier chemical structure, water content, partition coefficient (K_P), and demulsifier concentration. This review also covers the kinetics and mechanism of the demulsification process.     

超声原油破乳技术室内实验研究

通过大量的矿场实验及室内实验发现,三元复合驱的乳化作用对油田原油采收率的提高具有重大的贡献,但采出原油也需要面临越来越严重的破乳问题。采用超声波辐照的方法,对超声波原油破乳方法进行了室内实验研究。结果表明,超声波辐照法的最终脱水效果,要好于化学剂破乳法及自然沉降法。在此基础上,研究了超声与破乳剂协同破乳的方法,并取得了较好的效果。     

胜利孤岛注聚原油破乳剂的筛选与性能评价

以研究孤岛注聚原油乳状液破乳为目的,通过瓶试法和界面性质的测定,筛选了多种类型的原油破乳剂,考察了破乳剂质量浓度、聚合物和原油组分对破乳效果的影响,探讨了原油乳状液的破乳机理。结果表明,破乳剂BF-069质量浓度在100mg/L,50℃条件下,脱水率达到70%以上,现场温度稍微升高,脱水率达到85%左右,破乳剂BF-069已在胜利油田应用,现场使用效果良好;聚合物质量浓度在50mg/L时,原油乳状液最难破乳;原油中不同组分对破乳效果的影响不同,油水界面性质的测定表明,胶质和沥青质是影响原油破乳的主要因素。     

聚合物驱稠油采出液处理剂研究

针对渤海油田聚合物驱稠油采出液,研究了聚合物对其稳定性影响;合成了不同结构原油破乳剂和絮凝剂,讨论了药剂结构对处理效果的影响;研制出了一种原油破乳剂和一种絮凝剂。结果表明:(1)随着聚合物浓度的升高,原油乳状液中水珠直径与污水中油珠直径都逐渐变小,同时污水中油珠的Zeta电位逐渐升高;(2)具有分支结构的原油破乳剂脱水率比具有线性结构的原油破乳剂脱水率高,具有星形结构的原油破乳剂脱水率比具有梳状结构的原油破乳剂脱水率高;(3)针对该污水体系,絮凝剂的最佳合成条件为单体质量浓度为1%、阳离子度为40%、反应温度为5℃,引发剂浓度为0.15mmol·L-1;(4)破乳剂FA01在脱水温度为70℃,用量为200mg·L-1,脱水时间为60min条件下,脱水率达到86%;(5)絮凝剂WS05在温度为60℃,用量为50mg·L-1,时间为30min条件下,能将含聚污水中含油率降到50mg·L-1以下。     

化学驱采出液破乳剂SWT-06的研究

文章针对郝家坪联合站化学驱采出液破乳脱水过程中存在的脱水速度慢、乳化层厚、脱出水含油高等问题,研制了由两种聚醚复配而成的SWT-06破乳剂,经室内和现场试验,与现用破乳剂相比,SWT-06破乳荆具有脱水效率高、使乳化层变薄及脱出水清的特点,解决了该联合站原油破乳脱水过程中存在的问题。     

Enzymatic Demulsification of the Oil-Rich Emulsion Obtained by Aqueous Extraction of Peanut Seeds

This study details the enzymatic destabilization of the emulsion formed during aqueous extraction of peanut seeds and the quality of the resulting oil. The emulsion was exposed to enzymatic treatment and pH adjustment. The experimental results suggest that the alkaline endopeptidase Mifong^®2709 was the most effective demulsifier, while Phospholipase A2 and pH adjustment had little effect on emulsion stability. The demulsifying conditions of Mifong^®2709 were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions which produced a free oil yield of ~94 % were: 1:1 water-to-emulsion ratio, enzyme concentration of 1,600 IU/g of emulsion and 70 min hydrolysis time at 50 °C. We found that these conditions resulted in a positive relationship (R ² = 0.9671) between free oil yield and the degree of protein hydrolysis. Increased protease treatment produced a smaller number of oil droplets, but the size of these droplets increased significantly. When compared to demulsified oil products obtained by using thermal treatment, the oil obtained by Mifong^®2709 exhibited lower acid and peroxide values, contained more tocopherols and had a longer induction time as determined in the Rancimat test. The high yield and quality of peanut oil obtained by enzymatic treatment makes enzyme demulsification a promising approach to recovering free oil in aqueous extractions of peanuts.     

胺型离子液体聚醚复配破乳剂的制备与性能

合成了硝酸正丁胺和醋酸正十二胺两种胺型离子液体,考察了它们与交联型聚醚破乳剂NJ-20复配产生的破乳脱水作用。结果表明,50℃、复配型破乳剂加入量为200 mg/L时(100 mg/L聚醚NJ-20破乳剂与100mg/L胺型离子液体复配),上述两种胺型离子液体与聚醚NJ-20复配型破乳剂对模拟原油乳状液2 h的脱水率分别达到75%和91%,而单独聚醚NJ-20破乳剂在同样的条件下其脱水率仅为65%。40℃、醋酸正十二胺复配型破乳剂加入量为200 mg/L时,对模拟原油乳状液的脱水率可达59%,明显高于单独聚醚NJ-20破乳剂,表现出较强的低温破乳效果。     

Destabilization‐Enhanced Centrifugation of Metalworking Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions: Effect of Demulsifying Agents

The effect of a commercial flocculant (Alpacon® WS009) and two coagulant salts (CaCl₂ and AlCl₃) on the stability of metalworking oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions was examined. Two O/W emulsions were tested: a fresh emulsion, prepared in the laboratory from a commercial concentrate, and a waste metalworking emulsion, provided by a local waste management company, with initial oil concentrations of 32900 and 16900 mg/L, respectively. The emulsion stability was studied at different demulsifier concentrations, temperatures and pH through centrifugation tests, zeta potential and multiple light scattering measurements. Emulsion breakdown is explained by electrostatic repulsion of oil droplets and steric interactions. The former was observed for the laboratory emulsion, while the latter was observed for the waste emulsion. Aluminum chloride was the only effective agent for demulsifying both emulsions.     

渤海油田聚合物驱采出液的破乳研究

采用室内模拟的聚合物驱采出液,研究了聚合物含量对渤海油田聚驱采出液破乳效果的影响,通过油水界面动态界面张力的测定,对破乳机理进行了探讨。结果表明,油溶性高分支破乳剂ICO-89针对模拟聚驱采出液具有较好的破乳效果,对于ρ(聚)=50 mg/L的模拟采出液,破乳2 h脱水率达到85%,随着聚合物含量的增加,脱水率呈下降趋势,当ρ(聚)=300 mg/L时,破乳2 h脱水率降至81%。破乳剂的分子结构与油水界面吸附能力的强弱是影响破乳脱水的两个重要因素。     

三元复合驱采出污水处理技术的研究

概述了国内在三元复合驱采出污水O/W乳状液稳定机理、悬浮固体组成和检测问题、处理工艺和设备、水处理剂等方面的研究情况。重点介绍了反向破乳剂、油水分离剂、絮凝剂、除硅剂、水质稳定剂的应用,针对今后三元复合驱采出水处理技术的研究提出了一些建议。     

JZ9-3油田聚驱采出液破乳剂的研制

针对渤海JZ9-3油田聚合物驱原油,研制了高效改性对叔丁基酚醛树脂聚醚破乳剂,该破乳剂由支化聚醚BEC-156与具有芳香核的对叔丁基酚醛树脂聚醚经甲苯二异氰酸酯交联而成。结果表明,针对含聚合物原油乳状液,优选后的改性对叔丁基酚醛树脂聚醚在温度为60℃,用量为200mg/L的条件下,静置60min时的脱水率便可达95.4%,与JZ9-3油田正在使用的破乳剂相比,优势明显。     

沥青质和胶质对辽河稠油乳状液破乳的影响

针对辽河曙光稠油乳状液粘度大、破乳难、破乳温度高等问题,以曙光稠油为研究对象,从中分离出沥青质和胶质,用傅里叶变换红外光谱法分析其主要官能团,考察沥青质和胶质对稠油乳状液粘度及破乳效果的影响。测定了不同含量胶质、沥青质对稠油油／水界面张力的影响。结果证实,沥青质比胶质含有羟基多,分子间氢键作用强烈,更容易造成原油粘稠。随着叫（胶质）、训（沥青质）升高,稠油乳状液脱水率降低,w（沥青质）超过2．1％,或w（胶质）超过32％时,稠油乳状液的破乳十分困难。w（胶质）、w（沥青质）的增高会使破乳剂水溶液与原油的界面张力增大,w（沥青质）增加0．7％比叫（胶质）增加7％原油的界面张力升高还要大,所以训（沥青质）的增加对油水界面张力影响更大。