膜电生物反应器深度处理垃圾渗滤液研究

研究了管式膜膜电生物反应器对垃圾渗滤液的深度处理,考察膜电生物反应器的pH、水温、溶解氧和污泥浓度变化对垃圾渗滤液处理效果的影响,同时考察膜出水通量、COD和电导率.结果表明,采用膜电生物反应器进一步处理垃圾渗滤液,膜通量较稳定,出水COD(350～650mg·L~(-1))随原液COD(500～800 mg·L~(-1))呈大体相同趋势变化,在试验后期,COD去除率在25%～45%之间.     

多级生物膜反应器分段进水方式对脱氮效能影响研究

提出多级生物膜反应器,考察了分段进水方式对反应器处理城镇污水生物脱氮效能的影响.结果表明,分段进水点的数量、流量分配及容积分配对反应器脱氮效能的影响显著,分段进水方式有效地提高了碳源利用率以及反应器脱氮效能.在水温为25℃左右,溶解氧为5mg·L~(-1),挂膜密度为30%,COD负荷为1.2 kg·m~(-3)·d~(-1),总氮负荷为0.22 kg·m~(-3)·d~(-1)的条件下,反应器分段进水方式采用第1级、第3级、第6级分段进水,容积分配比为2:3:4,流量分配比为2:2:1时,可使出水COD为38 mg·L~(-1),出水NH_4~+-N和TN的质量浓度分别为1.5 mg·L~(-1)和11.1 mg·L~(-1),去除率分别为80.8%,95.3%和69.2%,与单点进水方式相比TN去除率提高了8.4%.     

污水处理中三种生物膜载体挂膜效率的比较分析

通过悬挂式自然供氧工艺,分别采用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚酰胺6和聚丙烯腈3种纤维材质的绳式生物膜载体对COD为(400±5)mg/L的果糖废水进行处理,比较了3种生物膜载体的挂膜效率.结果表明,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维材质生物膜载体挂膜效率＞聚酰胺6纤维材质生物膜载体挂膜效率＞聚丙烯腈纤维材质生物膜载体挂膜效率.在温度为20～25℃条件下,运行10.42h后,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维材质生物膜载体下端5m处出现1.0mm厚度的生物膜.     

折流式活性炭纤维生物膜工艺处理景观水研究

为提高城市景观水体的透明度,降低水体中的营养盐含量、改善水生态系统恢复的生境条件,研究了折流式活性炭纤维生物膜工艺处理景观水体效果.结果表明,在折流状态下,温度为10～28℃、pH为6.8～7.4、HRT为3 h情况下,系统对COD、NH_3-N、TP和浊度去除率分别达到了82%、67%、45.3%和79.4%.出水COD为14.8 mg·L~(-1),NH_(3~-)N和TP的质量浓度分别为1.02和0.063 mg·L~(-1),浊度为7 NTU.     

复合生物膜反应器味精废水挂膜特性研究

向序批式活性污泥法反应器( SBR)中投加改性悬浮填料作为生物膜载体,形成复合式生物膜反应器(SBBR),填料填充率为体积分数40％,利用味精废水进行生物膜培养.稳定运行6周后挂膜成熟,此时生物膜厚约0.5～1.0 mm,填料内部形成约34.0 mg·g-1的生物膜量,即可使反应器增加2 040 mg·L-1的附着生物量.挂膜过程中COD、NH4+-N和TN的去除率稳步提高,最终去除率可分别达90％、96％、80％以上.     

曝气生物滤池在印染废水回用处理中的应用

采用曝气生物滤池(BAF)工艺对经兼氧-好氧生化预处理后的印染废水进行中试规模的深度处理试验研究.结果表明,在进水COD约为100～250mg·L~(-1)、SS质量浓度约为80～120mg·L~(-1)、色度约为30～50倍的条件下,当BAF水力负荷为1.0m~3·m~(-2)·h~(-1),气水体积比4:1时,出水COD≤50 mg·L~(-1),ρ(SS)≤20 mg·L~(-1),色度≤20倍,出水水质可满足生产工艺对回用水的水质要求.     

多方法联合处理超高浓度润滑油污水研究

采用微生物-磁絮凝-Fenton试剂联合工艺处理含超高浓度润滑油污水,通过控制变量法确定了联合处理方法的最佳条件。结果表明:在微生物处理过程中,加入菌液进行曝气处理,最佳曝气时间为8 h,水体中化学需氧量(COD)从81350 mg·L~(-1)降至19850 mg·L~(-1),去除率为75.6%,水体中氨氮含量从136.6 mg·L~(-1)降至112.6 mg·L~(-1),去除率为17.6%。在磁絮凝过程中,磁粉、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的最佳投加量分别为300 mg·L~(-1),600 mg·L~(-1),10 mg·L~(-1),最佳沉降时间为25 min,水体中COD含量从19850 mg·L~(-1)降至7300 mg·L~(-1),去除率为63.2%,水体中氨氮含量从112.6 mg·L~(-1)降至54.9 mg·L~(-1),去除率为51.2%。经过磁絮凝处理之后的水体使用Fenton试剂进行处理,在pH值=3,nFe~(2+)/nH_2O_2=1:6,Fenton试剂投加量为理论投加量的3倍时,分四次投加,每次反应1.5h的处理后,水体中COD含量从7300 mg·L~(-1)降至175.2 mg·L~(-1),去除率为97.6%,氨氮含量从54.9 mg·L~(-1)降至1.1 mg·L~(-1),去除率为98.0%。最终通过微生物、磁絮凝与Fenton试剂联合处理之后的含油污水COD去除率为99.8%,氨氮去除率为99.2%,出水COD含量和氨氮含量均达到国家排放标准。     

好氧移动床多级AO工艺挂膜启动研究

采用闭路循环法进行好氧移动床多级AO工艺的挂膜启动试验,挂膜初期控制较小的曝气量。结果表明,在水温为20.5～25.8℃,进水COD为180～349 mg/L,进水氨氮的质量浓度为52.22～62.22 mg/L的条件下,在20 d左右完成挂膜,COD和氨氮的去除率分别达到92%和90%以上,出水水质达到GB 18918-2002一级A标准,生物膜镜检发现大量钟虫等原生动物,少量轮虫线虫等后生动物。试验过程中还发现,挂膜期间,氨氮去除率的提高明显滞后于COD去除率的提高,表明异养菌比硝化菌适应能力强、繁殖速度快;生物膜量在连续培养15 d之后达到930 mg/L以上,同时悬浮态污泥的质量浓度从926 mg/L增加到1 935 mg/L,说明生物膜和活性污泥在该环境下可以同时培养;m(MLVSS)/m(MLSS)为0.85左右,污泥活性较高。     

CAF气浮-水解酸化-SBR处理羊剪绒水洗废水

介绍了CAF气浮-水解酸化-SBR工艺处理羊剪绒水洗废水的工艺设计和运行效果.该工艺具有处理效果好、能耗低、易管理等特点.在进水COD为1 800mg·L~(-1),BOD5为300mg·L~(-1),SS质量浓度为1 200mg·L~(-1)的条件下,经过本系统处理,平均出水COD保持在200 mg·L~(-1)以下,BOD_5保持在60 mg·L~(-1)以下,SS质量浓度保持在150mg·L~(-1)以下,出水水质达到GB 8978-1996污水综合排放标准的Ⅱ级标准.     

曝气生物滤池沸石和陶粒滤料性能对比研究

以沸石和陶粒为填料,分别进行了沸石曝气生物滤池和陶粒曝气生物滤池处理污水厂二级出水的中试试验,并对2种滤料的处理性能和工艺特征进行了比较.结果表明,2种滤池均可以在一定工况条件下达到良好的处理效果,且保持较好的抗冲击负荷能力.在气水体积比3:1、水力负荷为1 m~3·m~(-2)·h~(-1),温度分别为20～25℃和15～19℃的情况下,沸石BAF和陶粒BAF对COD去除率分别为12.67%和21.93%,出水COD分别为31.46和37.06mg·L~(-1);NH_3-N去除率分别为96.64%和97.79%,出水NH3-N的质量浓度分别可降到1.46 mg·L~(-1)和1.20 mg·L~(-1),沸石价格低廉,更具有工程应用推广价值.     

生物预处理净水工艺除色度生产应用研究

采用生物接触氧化预处理净水工艺对受污染的水源原水进行了除色度效果研究,结果表明：在正常水温20－28℃的条件下,当污染水源CODMn为6－11mg/L,色度为30－40度和生物预处理净水工艺进行了参数HRT为1.4h,气,水为0.5:1,DO为7－9mg/L时,生物预处理净水工艺对水源原水的脱色率为19％－43％,在较低水温7－16℃的条件下,当污染水源CODMn为6－10mg/L,色度为32－35度和生物预处理净水工艺进行了参数HRT为1.4h,气,水为0.5:1,DO为8-10mg/L时,生物参处理净水工艺可去除水源原水中的色度为13%-22%.     

强化A／O工艺在合成氨工业废水处理中的应用

以某合成氨化工厂废水为研究对象,进行高氨氮化工废水强化缺氧／好氧（A／O）工艺高效生物脱氮中试研究。经过150d的运行,获得了良好的COD和TN去除效果。研究结果显示：载体上生物膜DO基质通量的大小决定了生物膜内活性茵体的分布状况以及生物膜的厚度,挂膜量与DO浓度线性相关。持续稳定运行的强化A／O工艺,在碱度和水力停留时间（HBT）冲击下,具有很好的抗冲击能力和恢复能力。     

MUCT工艺处理实际生活污水实现亚硝酸型硝化

采用MUCT工艺处理低C/N比实际城市生活污水,研究在连续流工艺中实现亚硝酸型硝化的调控措施。试验在常温下共进行了121 d,结果表明：经过87 d的启动期,最终在水力停留时间（HRT）8h,溶解氧浓度（DO）0.3～0.5 mg·L^-1,污泥回流比80%,缺氧回流比120%,硝化液回流比300%的条件下,成功启动了短程硝化,并稳定维持了35 d。 短程硝化期间,好氧区亚硝酸盐积累率平均62%,最高达到80%;氨氮去除率65%,最高达87%。短程硝化影响因素的分析表明：pH值,游离氨（FA）,游离亚硝酸（FNA）对本试验短程硝化无影响;温度和污泥停留时间（SRT）影响较小;HRT和DO是短程硝化实现的控制因素。荧光原位杂交（fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH）试验结果表明：当系统由全程硝化状态转为短程硝化状态后,氨氧化细菌（ammonia oxidizing bacteria, AOB）的比例明显提高,最高达到9.3%;亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(nitrite oxidizing bacteria,NOB)以Nitrospira为主,其所占比例明显下降。     

A~2/O~2工艺处理焦化废水工程实践

印度JSW钢厂焦化废水处理工程,在设计水力停留时间短的情况下,原水不稀释直接生化处理。经过近3个月的调试、运行,出水均可达到设计标准:COD为140～210 mg/L(设计值250 mg/L),去除率大于91%;氨氮质量浓度小于10 mg/L(设计值50 mg/L),去除率大于97%;运行成本较国内类似项目节省3～5元/m3。     

Effect of hydraulic retention time and temperature on submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) performance

Water shortages and strict environmental provisions necessitate wastewater renovation using various wastewater treatment methods, among which applications of submerged membrane bioreactors (SMBRs) are rapidly increasing due to their advantages such as high loading capacity and quality of effluent. In this work, the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT 8, 10 and 12 h) and temperature (25, 30 and 35°C) on membrane fouling and sludge production was investigated in a 5-Liter SMBR equipped with immersed PVDF hollow fiber membrane module. Phenolic synthetic wastewater and acclimatized activated sludge with phenol during a 2-month period were used as toxic and microbial sources, respectively. Results showed that by increasing HRT membrane fouling decreases, while excellent treatment performance of over 99.5% phenol and 95% COD removals was achieved at all HRTs. Therefore, HRT=8 h corresponding to the highest effluent flow rate of 12 L/m²·h was used to investigate the effect of temperature, resulting in phenol and COD removals of higher than 99 and 96%, respectively, at all temperatures. Membrane fouling occurred at 12, 5 and 3 days for 25, 30 and 35 °C, respectively. Additionally, the effect of HRT and temperature on mixed liquor volatile suspended solid (MLVSS) as a measure of biomass was examined. MLVSS concentration showed decreases with increasing HRT and temperature. Overall, it was shown that SMBR can be used to efficiently treat phenolic wastewater at a range of flow rates and temperatures, among which HRT=8 h and T=25 °C are the preferred operating conditions, resulting in high flow rate and low membrane fouling.     

炼油碱性污水中硫化物的生物氧化处理研究

采用新型的循环生物曝气反应器(滤池)工艺(CBAF),对中和后的炼油碱性污水硫化物进行了生物氧化处理,考察了不同粒径填料、水力停留时间(HRT)、溶解氧浓度(DO)、pH值对污水中硫化物去除的影响,并观察到了高活性的生物膜。实验结果表明,硫化物的生物氧化降解主要在一级反应器,当总HRT为32 h,DO2 mg/L,pH=5~8,温度20~35℃,硫化物平均去除率高达99.4%,初步探讨了硫化物去除机理。     

混凝/厌氧/兼氧-好氧膜生物反应器组合新工艺处理制革废水

针对制革废水高悬浮物含量、高有机物浓度及高色度的特点,采用混凝/厌氧/兼氧-好氧膜生物反应器组合新工艺对其进行中试处理研究,重点考察混凝预处理的反应条件（pH、投药量等）、生物反应器的启动策略,以及水力停留时间（HRT）、溶解氧（DO）和水温等运行参数对制革废水处理效果的影响。结果表明：当混凝过程中pH为9.0～10.0,聚合氯化铝（PACl）投加量为350～450 mg·L^-1时,废水悬浮物浓度（SS）、色度、总铬和化学需氧量（COD）去除率的平均值分别为70.4%,73.9%,97.7%和37.9%;基于阶梯负荷启动策略,50 d左右完成联合厌氧折流板反应器的启动,厌氧环节在HRT为20 h、水温30℃左右的条件下能够去除68.2%左右的COD;通过对兼氧-好氧膜生物反应器中DO分布的研究和HRT的优化,该单元的COD和NH₄-N的平均去除率分别达到67.7%和81.3%（HRT 6 h,DO 2.0～3.0 mg·L^-1）。经过组合工艺的处理,系统出水各项主要指标（COD、NH4-N、SS、色度和总铬等）达到DB 44/26-2001一级排放标准,表明本文提出的新工艺在制革废水处理中具有良好的应用前景。     

好氧浮动床生物膜反应器运行参数的试验研究

通过对中试规模的浮动床生物膜反应器处理混合化工废水的试验研究,探讨了水力停留时间、污泥负荷、温度等对反应器处理性能与效果的影响。试验结果表明:水力停留时间在13.4h,14.4h,15.6h,17h时CODCr的平均去除率分别为74%,77%,77%,81%;污泥负荷范围在0.17～0.77kg犤BOD5犦/(kg犤MLSS犦·d)内,BOD5去除率先呈上升趋势,而后呈下降趋势;水温在8～10℃时,水力停留时间为11.7～15h,CODCr去除效率在57.7%～65.8%之间,BOD5去除率在76.3%～85.4%之间。     

厌氧-好氧生物处理工艺用于去除水中杀虫剂(英文)

The biodegradability of wastewater containing priority pollutant pesticideVydine or triadimenol(C14H18CLN3O2) in different bio-reactor configurations was investigated.Two laboratory scale biological reactors were employed:one reactor under aerobic condition and the other under anaerobic condition.The aerobic reactor was operated at an ambient temperature(22±2) °C,while the anaerobic reactor was run in the lower mesophilic range(30±2) °C.The effect of pesticide concentration,hydraulic retention time(HRT) ,and co-substrate on the treatment process was explored,using glucose as a supplemental carbon substrate.More than 96%pesticide was removed after an acclimation period of approximately 172 d(aerobic) and 230 d(anaerobic) .The aerobic reactor achieved complete Vydine utilization at feed concentrations up to 25 mg·L-1 .On the other hand,the anaerobic reactor was able to degrade 25 mg·L-1 of Vydine.Moreover,glucose was consumed first throughout the experiment in a sequential utilization pattern.The combination of anaerobic and aerobic biological processes yielded higher biomass concentration and lower retention time than individual units.The biomass in the combined reactors was first acclimated with the corresponding pesticide.Then,the target pesticide,at a concentration of 25 mg·L-1,was sequentially treated in a semi batch mode in the reactors.HRT studies showed that 24 h HRT of aerobic and 12 h HRT of anaerobic were the optimum combination for the treatment of simulated wastewater containing Vydine,which produced Vydine effluent at concentration below 0.1 mg·L-1 .The optimum ratio of substrate(Vydine) to co-substrate(glucose) was 1︰100.     

Achieving partial nitrification in a novel six basins alternately operating activated sludge process treating domestic wastewater

A novel technology was developed to achieve partial nitrification at moderately low DO and short HRT, which would save the aeration cost and have the capacity to treat a wide range of low-strength real wastewater. The process enables a relatively stable whereas nitrite accumulation rate (NO₂-AR) was stabilized over 94% in the last aerobic basin on average of each phase through a combination of short HRT and low DO level. Low DO did not produce sludge with poorer settleability. The morphology and internal structure of the granular sludge was observed by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis during a long-term operation. The images indicated that thick clusters of spherical cells and small rod-shaped cells (NOB and AOB are rod-shaped to spherical cells) were the dominant population structure, rather than filamentous and other bacteria under a combination of low DO and short HRT, which gives a good indication of nitrite accumulation achievement. MPN method was used to correlate AOB numbers with nutrient removal. It showed that an ammonia-oxidizing bacterium (AOB) was the dominant nitrifying bacteria, whereas high NO₂-AR was achieved at AOB number of 5.33×10⁸ cell/g MLSS. Higher pollutant removal efficiency of 86.2%, 98% and 96.1%, for TN, NH ₄ ⁺ -N, and TP, respectively, was achieved by a novel six basin activated sludge process (SBASP) at low DO level and low C/N ratio which were approximately equal to the complete nitrification-denitrification with the addition of sodium acetate (NaAc) at normal DO level of (1.5–2.5 mg/L).