Scale‐adaptive Structure‐preserving Texture Filtering

This paper proposes a scale‐adaptive filtering method to improve the performance of structure‐preserving texture filtering for image smoothing. With classical texture filters, it usually is challenging to smooth texture at multiple scales while preserving salient structures in an image. We address this issue in the concept of adaptive bilateral filtering, where the scales of Gaussian range kernels are allowed to vary from pixel to pixel. Based on direction‐wise statistics, our method distinguishes texture from structure effectively, identifies appropriate scope around a pixel to be smoothed and thus infers an optimal smoothing scale for it. Filtering an image with varying‐scale kernels, the image is smoothed according to the distribution of texture adaptively. With commendable experimental results, we show that, needing less iterations, our proposed scheme boosts texture filtering performance in terms of preserving the geometric structures of multiple scales even after aggressive smoothing of the original image.     

Spatially Adaptive Image Restoration Using Fuzzy Punctual Kriging

We present a general formulation based on punctual kriging and fuzzy concepts for image restoration in spatial domain. Gray-level images degraded with Gaussian white noise have been considered. Based on the pixel local neighborhood, fuzzy logic has been employed intelligently to avoid unnecessary estimation of a pixel. The intensity estimation of the selected pixels is then carried out by employing punctual kriging in conjunction with the method of Lagrange multipliers and estimates of local semi-variances. Application of such a hybrid technique performing both selection and intensity estimation of a pixel demonstrates substantial improvement in the image quality as compared to the adaptive Wiener filter and existing fuzzykriging approaches. It has been found that these filters achieve noise reduction without loss of structural detail information, as indicated by their higher structure similarity indices, peak signal to noise ratios and the new variogram based quality measures.     

结合双边滤波和多帧均值滤波的图像降噪

针对单幅图像空间降噪中存在的问题,提出一种利用同一场景的多帧图像进行噪声抑制的自适应空域滤波方法。首先对每一帧用双边滤波器进行滤波,以在平滑噪声的同时,保护图像边缘;然后对每一像素进行帧间平均值滤波,以利用多幅图像的信息进一步滤除噪声,并减轻双边滤波后的卡通效果。提出的算法在两组多帧图像上进行了测试。实验显示,与单帧双边滤波和简单的多图像平均方法相比,该方法的降噪性能有所提高。     

一种强高斯噪声的图像滤波方法

针对图像中高方差的强高斯噪声特点，提出了一种图像噪声联合滤波的新方法。算法将受强高斯噪声污染的图像分为强噪声点集和弱噪声点集两部分，首先通过邻域像素强度值的变化特征，定位强噪声像素点，并采用改进的自适应均值滤波方法滤除，然后基于简化的脉冲耦合神经网络（PCNN）平滑弱噪声点像素。经实验结果验证，与已有的其他滤波方法相比，该算法在较好地滤除噪声的同时，具有良好的图像边缘保护和自适应能力。     

Efficient synthesis of gaussian filters by cascaded uniform filters

Gaussian filtering is an important tool in image processing and computer vision. In this paper we discuss the background of Gaussian filtering and look at some methods for implementing it. Consideration of the central limit theorem suggests using a cascade of ``simple' filters as a means of computing Gaussian filters. Among ``simple' filters, uniform-coefficient finite-impulse-response digital filters are especially economical to implement. The idea of cascaded uniform filters has been around for a while [13], [16]. We show that this method is economical to implement, has good filtering characteristics, and is appropriate for hardware implementation. We point out an equivalence to one of Burt's methods [1], [3] under certain circumstances. As an extension, we describe an approach to implementing a Gaussian Pyramid which requires approximately two addition operations per pixel, per level, per dimension. We examine tradeoffs in choosing an algorithm for Gaussian filtering, and finally discuss an implementation.     

方向小波域的选择性阈值SAR图像去噪

SAR图像去噪一直是SAR图像处理中一个具有特殊意义的研究课题。噪声抑制的关键是解决图像平滑与保持纹理之间的矛盾。提出了一种基于方向小波的选择性阈值SAR图像去噪算法。该算法利用方向小波的多方向框架对图像作12个方向的分解和变换。针对方向小波分解图像所产生的系数序列长度不同的特点,利用白噪声的置信区间,将不同长度的系数分成3组,对中间长度的系数序列采用统一阈值,对其他长度序列采用白噪声置信区间阈值处理。为了更好地保持图像细节信息,将每一尺度高频系数的方差中值作为噪声方差估计值。利用真实的SAR图像进行去噪试验,与几种经典的空域滤波和小波软阈值算法进行比较结果表明,该算法在平滑图像的同时更好地保持了图像本身的纹理信息,图像的视觉效果优于其他算法,等效视数和边缘保持指数分别提高了97和0.15。     

一种基于纹理特征融合的SAR图像分割方法

在由若干灰度共生矩阵纹理统计量进行特征融合后所生成的图像上,定义多分辨双Markov-GAR模型,采用多分辨MPM参数估计方法及相应的无监督分割算法,对SAR图像进行纹理分割。该方法既利用了像素的灰度信息,也利用了像素的空间位置信息,削弱了斑点噪声对分割的影响。实验表明对于一些高分辨SAR图像,该方法与单纯基于灰度图像上的多分辨双Markov-GAR模型纹理分割相比,分割精度得以提高。     

蚁群算法实现的图像边缘连接

针对金相晶界重建问题,提出了一种基于蚁群算法的图像边缘断点连接方法。以原图像和传统边缘获取方法得到的边缘为基础,进行边缘的端点分析,并在端点处建立信息素的高斯分布模型,从而促使蚂蚁向端点方向移动;综合考虑了像素间相似性、邻域差和边缘走向三个因素来确定启发式引导函数,使蚂蚁沿着真正的边缘行走。实验表明该算法速度较快,补偿的边缘能够反映原图像边缘信息,是一种有效的边缘断点连接方法。     

新的强高斯噪声自适应滤波方法

为有效去除严重的高斯噪声、更好地保护图像细节,提出了一种基于改进脉冲耦合神经网络（PCNN）的自适应去噪方法。根据PCNN神经元的点火捕获特性,定位受强噪声污染的像素,并采用类中值滤波对强噪声点进行滤除;基于无连接脉冲耦合神经网络（PCNNNI）的点火时刻矩阵自适应选择滤波方法平滑弱噪声点。实验结果表明,与传统去噪方法相比,该方法噪声去除效果好,图像细节保持完整,而且系统具有一定的泛化能力。     

边缘检测滤波尺度自适应选择算法

为回避多尺度边缘检测中融合多幅图像涉及的启发性规则, 同时克服 Jeong 算法的局限性, 本文首先基于 Tan 的广义边缘定义设定一个适应度函数, 然后采用自适应遗传算法针对单个像素及其邻域结构的特征搜索最佳滤波尺度得到局部最佳边缘检测尺度, 最后由最佳尺度高斯滤波器得到最终边缘图像. 实验证明能够得到令人满意的结果.     

Gibbs random field model based weight selection for the 2-Dadaptive weighted median filter

A generalized filtering method based on the minimization of the energy of the Gibbs model is described. The well-known linear and median filters are all special cases of this method. It is shown that, with that selection of appropriate energy functions, the method can be successfully used to adapt the weights of the adaptive weighted median filter to preserve different textures within the image white eliminating the noise. The newly developed adaptive weighted median filter is based on a 3×3 square neighborhood structure. The weights of the pixels are adapted according to the clique energies within this neighborhood structure. The assigned energies to 2- or 3-pixel cliques are based on the local statistics within a larger estimation window. It is shown that the proposed filter performance is better compared to some well-known similar filters like the standard, separable, weighted and some adaptive weighted median filters     

一种快速的自适应图像增强算法①

提出了一种快速的自适应图像增强算法。算法首先对原始图像进行高斯平滑滤波,然后根据原始图像的整体信息和局部信息对图像的像素值进行偏移。最后,利用偏移后的图像信息和非线性函数对图像进行变换,从而实现了对图像细节的增强。通过将RGB图像变换到HSV彩色空间,将增强算法推广到了彩色图像的处理。实验结果表明,该算法运行速度快,能有效改善图像质量。同时能够根据环境的亮暗,自动调整增强效果,具有自适应的功能。     

基于Gabor滤波器的指纹图像快速增强

研究并实现了利用Gabor滤波器对指纹图像增强的算法。改进了指纹图像方向图和纹线频率的提取方法,同时也对Gabor滤波器的快速实现方法进行研究,首先把Gabor滤波器分解为多个不同方向上有着不同参数的一维高斯滤波器的组合,然后通过递归的方法分别实现这些高斯滤波器,最后实现了Gabor滤波器的快速算法在指纹图像增强中的应用。实践表明,该方法效果良好,速度快,能大幅度提高指纹图像质量。     

一类多结构元自适应广义形态滤波器

基于广义形态开—闭和闭—开运算，采用多种结构元和自适应加权平均技术，定义了一类新型形态滤波器。这类滤波器不仅可以有效地抑制图象中的噪声，而且较好地保持了图象的几何特征。滤波器计算简单，便于实时并行处理。     

数字图像的多向混合差分无损编码方法

通过对双向混合差分方法以及3-参数变长编码方法的研究与分析,针对数字图像编码提出了一种多向混合差分预处理方法。多向混合差分方法先根据当前点的邻近4点对当前点作局部特征分析,然后根据分析结果在基本差分方向中选择当前点的最佳差分方向。相对于双向混合差分方法,多向混合差分方法无需保存方向标志位;基本差分方向进一步细分为4种方向。与双向混合差分的实验结果相比,经多向混合差分处理后的测试图像平均熵值降低了8.2%,编码后单个像素值所占平均比特数降低了11%。实验结果表明,该方法可以把数字图像的熵值降到一个较低的水平,从而有利于编码效率的提高。     

基于图像局部纹理方向概率统计模型的非线性滤波算法

为了更有效地利用图像的局部特征恢复被噪声感染的图像，基于图像局部纹理方向概率统计模型，提出一种针对混合噪声的非线性滤波算法。算法利用Radon变换对图像进行主纹理方向分析,得到图像的局部纹理方向概率密度分布,然后基于概率统计模型，借助中心像素的若干邻近像素对中心像素进行估计，得到中心像素点的灰度值。此算法充分利用了图像的局部特征,既具有良好的去噪能力，又兼顾了对图像细节的保持特性。在处理同时感染脉冲噪声和高斯噪声的混合噪声图像时，算法效果明显优于其他滤波算法。     

Noise reduction by fuzzy image filtering

A new fuzzy filter is presented for the noise reduction of images corrupted with additive noise. The filter consists of two stages. The first stage computes a fuzzy derivative for eight different directions. The second stage uses these fuzzy derivatives to perform fuzzy smoothing by weighting the contributions of neighboring pixel values. Both stages are based on fuzzy rules which make use of membership functions. The filter can be applied iteratively to effectively reduce heavy noise. In particular, the shape of the membership functions is adapted according to the remaining noise level after each iteration, making use of the distribution of the homogeneity in the image. A statistical model for the noise distribution can be incorporated to relate the homogeneity to the adaptation scheme of the membership functions. Experimental results are obtained to show the feasibility of the proposed approach. These results are also compared to other filters by numerical measures and visual inspection.     

Unsupervised texture segmentation using Gabor filters

This paper presents a texture segmentation algorithm inspired by the multi-channel filtering theory for visual information processing in the early stages of human visual system. The channels are characterized by a bank of Gabor filters that nearly uniformly covers the spatial-frequency domain, and a systematic filter selection scheme is proposed, which is based on reconstruction of the input image from the filtered images. Texture features are obtained by subjecting each (selected) filtered image to a nonlinear transformation and computing a measure of “energy” in a window around each pixel. A square-error clustering algorithm is then used to integrate the feature images and produce a segmentation. A simple procedure to incorporate spatial information in the clustering process is proposed. A relative index is used to estimate the “true” number of texture categories.     

一种异性扩散的自适应平滑滤波算法

固定尺度的高斯滤波器对图像中的所有像素使用相同的加权系数,在平滑噪声的同时也模糊了边缘信息,影响了后期的边缘定位和提取,为此提出了一种异性扩散的自适应仿高斯滤波器,通过计算当前像素与周围像素的灰度梯度,预判该像素类型（噪声点或是边缘点）,并根据像素点类型和梯度生成自适应的、各向异性的加权系数,通过多次平滑迭代实现权重的异性扩散。实验结果表明,该滤波算法具有平滑噪声的同时保留并锐化边缘效果。     

动态图像序列中的运动目标检测

根据动态图像序列中背景因成像过程中各种因素而产生变化所存在的复杂性，提出了自适应的前景目标检测方法。首先，建立图像每一像素点的高斯分布模型，并根据序列中的当前帧及历史帧信息自适应地调整模型的参数。然后，结合图像帧间的差分信息以及灰度分布的先验概率等因素将图像从空间域映射至统计域。最后，在统计域中对前景目标进行鲁棒分割。实验的结果反映了该方法的有效性。