舒适护理在老年冠心病患者介入治疗围手术期的应用

目的 探讨老年冠心病患者介入治疗手术期间采用舒适护理的效果.方法 40例老年冠心病行冠脉介入治疗患者随机分为实验组和对照组各20例,对照组实施整体护理,实验组在此基础上融入舒适护理,前后进行对比分析.结果实验组患者的焦虑程度、对护理工作的满意度、并发症发生情况均较对照组改善(P<0.05).结论舒适护理增加了患者的安全感,从而减少了术后并发症,缩短了住院时间,提高了患者及家属的满意度.同时可增加护士责任心,促进护士与患者沟通,提高护理质量.     

床边纤维支气管镜吸痰及支气管灌洗的护理配合

总结了重度颅脑损伤并发肺部感染应用纤支镜在床边吸痰及支气管灌洗术的护理配合,包括术前准备、术中配合、术后护理等.认为良好的护理配合能明显减轻患者肺部感染,改善肺通气功能,使低氧血症得到纠正,有效提高患者的生活质量.     

60例胃癌患者围手术期护理体会

目的 探讨胃癌患者围手术期的综合护理对手术疗效和术后并发症的影响.方法 将我院2008年2月至2011年5月收入院的60例患者随机分为对照组和实验组各30例.对照组行常规护理,实验组在围手术期加强心理护理、并发症护理等综合护理,观察两组患者康复率和术后并发症的发生率.结果 实验组患者好转率显著高于对照组(P<0.01).实验组术后吻合口瘘和感染的发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 做好胃癌患者围手术期的综合护理,可提高手术成功率及康复率,减少术后并发症的发生.     

应用临床护理路径对急性心肌梗死患者实施健康教育

目的 探索急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者适用的高质量、高效率的临床健康教育模式.方法将86例AMI患者随机分为实验组和对照组各43例,实验组采用临床路径模式,对AMI患者及家属进行健康教育指导;对照组患者采用传统的健康教育模式.将2组患者知识掌握程度,对护士满意度及住院时间、住院费用进行对比.结果 2组患者在知识掌握程度、对护士满意度及住院时间、住院费用等方面均有显著性差异(P<0.01).结论将临床护理路径运用于AMI患者的健康教育,能提高患者知识掌握程度及对护士的满意度,缩短住院时间,降低住院费用,在临床实践中切实可行.     

早期干预对腹腔镜子宫全切盆腔淋巴清扫术后尿潴留的影响

目的 探讨早期干预对降低腹腔镜子宫全切盆腔淋巴清扫术后尿潴留发生率的效果.方法 按入院顺序将66例腹腔镜下子宫全切盆腔淋巴清扫术的患者分成对照组(34例)和观察组(32例),对照组应用传统护理,针对患者出现的护理问题实施护理措施.观察组采取早期干预措施,护理人员在患者入院后即积极主动的评估患者的病情和心理需求,制定并实施相应的护理措施及早期指导膀胱功能锻炼等.比较2组患者术后留置导尿的时间、患者术后焦虑及尿潴留的发生率.结果 观察组患者术后留置导尿时间、术后焦虑及尿潴留发生率均低于对照组,2组有显著差异(p<0.01).结论 早期干预能充分提高患者对手术的应对能力,调动患者术前术后锻炼的积极性,可以有效的降低术后尿潴留的发生率,从而提高护理质量.     

程序化管理在危重急诊手术配合中的应用

目的 探讨危重急诊手术配合程序化管理的方法与效果.方法 采用传统的手术配合与程序化管理后的手术配合相比较,收集分析危重急诊手术自手术室接到通知后,术前准备的时间和手术时间及主刀医生对手术配合的满意度调查情况.结果 实验组病人术前准备时间(p<0.01)和手术时间(p<0.05)较对照组明显缩短,手术医生对实验组手术配合及抢救配合的满意度明显提高(p<0.01).结论 手术室护士对危重急诊手术配合实行程序化管理,明显缩短了术前准备的时间,并缩短了手术时间,提高了2h内手术的比例,为病人赢得了宝贵的抢救与手术治疗的时机.     

责任小组包干制护理在妇科病房应用的效果观察

目的 探讨责任小组包干制护理在妇科病房应用的效果.方法 随机抽取2009年5月～11月收治的418例病人作为对照组,2010年5月～11月收治的418例病人作为实验组,对照组采用前期责任制+功能制护理,实验组采用责任小组包干制护理,责任小组包干制护理模式即将护士分组,管理固定床位的病人,负责所管床位病人从入院到出院的一切治疗、护理、宣教、费用咨询等,并通过836例病人、39名医生及45名护士对这种护理模式的满意度调查,与前期责任制+功能制护理进行效果比较.结果 实验组护理质量及患者满意度较对照组明显提高(P<0.05),医生、护士对这种护理模式的认同度也较高(P<0.05).结论 责任小组包干制使护士分工更加明确,基础护理更加到位,护患、医护关系更加融洽,不但病人得到了全程的、连续的、无缝隙护理,护士的自我价值也得到了体现,值得临床推广.     

舒适护理在老年胆囊切除患者围术期中的应用

目的 探讨舒适护理在老年胆囊切除患者围术期中的应用效果.方法 选取110例临床资料,观察组55例采用舒适护理模式进行护理,对照组55例采用传统护理模式进行护理.结果 观察组患者发生焦虑、恐惧、疼痛的情况明显低于对照组;术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间也明显少于对照组;舒适情况及患者对护理工作的满意度均明显优于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在老年胆囊切除术中应用舒适护理方法优于传统护理方法,舒适护理能够消除患者的不良心理因素、减少手术时间与住院时间、降低患者术中的出血量与疼痛度,患者的满意度高,是值得大力度推广的一种护理模式.     

护理干预对预防腹腔镜术后尿潴留的影响

目的 探讨护理干预对预防腹腔镜术后尿潴留的影响.方法 2009年5月～2010年3月入住本院,行腹腔镜手术的158例女性患者,随机分为实验组(护理干预组)和对照组(常规护理组)各79例.观察对比2组患者术后尿潴留发生率和导尿率.根据焦虑自评量表(SAS),比较2组患者干预前后的焦虑值.结果 实验组术后尿潴留率和导尿率均低于对照组,p＜0.05,差别有统计学意义;实验组经干预后的焦虑值低于对照组,p＜0.05,差别有统计学意义.结论 通过护理干预,减轻了患者焦虑和痛苦,术后患者尿潴留率明显下降,促进术后康复,效果显著.     

无创通气联合支气管肺泡灌洗对COPD合并肺部感染和Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的疗效

目的:探讨无创通气联合支气管肺泡灌洗对COPD合并肺部感染和Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的疗效.方法:50例不需立即有创机械通气治疗的COPD合并肺部感染和Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者,随机分为对照组26例和灌洗组24例.对照组行常规治疗及无创正压通气(NIPPV);灌洗组在对照组治疗基础上行支气管肺泡灌洗(BAL).观察两组在治疗前后各项指标变化及疗效.结果:血气分析同组内治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),两组间比较差异有显著性(P<0.01);第4天灌洗组WBC、中性粒细胞率、CRP水平较对照组明显降低(P<0.01);灌洗组细菌培养阳性率及观察第7天X线示胸片炎性病变吸收率均明显高于对照组(P<0.01);灌洗组有创通气上机率、住院时间明显低于对照组(P<0.05),治愈率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),两组病死率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),两组均无严重并发症.结论:对不需立即行持续有创通气治疗的COPD合并肺部感染和Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者,无创通气联合BAL治疗较安全,临床疗效确切,值得临床推广应用.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.