基于Fibonacci置乱的小波域数字图像盲水印算法

针对数字图像的版权保护问题,提出一种基于Fibonacci置乱的小波域数字图像盲水印方案。将原图像中的感兴趣区域(ROI)作为水印来源,以此提高水印的隐蔽性。在水印嵌入过程中,将原图像进行分块,对每个块进行Fibonacci置乱和离散小波变换(DWT),选择出低频子带,用于水印嵌入。同时,对水印也执行DWT,选择出低频子带,通过Fibonacci置乱得到置乱矩阵,将水印的置乱矩阵嵌入到主图像的块中。在水印提取过程中,根据嵌入过程中设定的秘钥,通过逆Fibonacci置乱和逆DWT过程提取水印。在多种图像攻击下的仿真结果表明,该水印方案具有较高的安全性、鲁棒性和隐蔽性。     

基于混沌序列和HVS的盲数字水印算法

提出一种针对彩色图像的基于混沌系统和人类视觉系统HVS(Human Visual System)的数字水印算法.通过该算法将二值水印经混沌系统加密后嵌入到彩色图像的蓝色分量B的小波系数中,在水印提取时根据密钥可以实现盲提取.实验结果表明,该算法对常用的图像处理如JPEG压缩、加噪、剪切和滤波等攻击具有较好的鲁棒性,取得了不可见性和鲁棒性的良好折中,同时盲检测使得水印检测的可靠性得到了很大的提高.     

A watermarking algorithm in encrypted image based on compressive sensing with high quality image reconstruction and watermark performance

In this paper, we propose a new digital watermarking algorithm in encrypted image based on compressive sensing measurements and 2-D discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Firstly, we process the original image through 2-D DWT to highlight the important part and unimportant part. For the important LL2 coefficient, before encrypting it by the traditional stream cipher, we divide it into blocks, and mark the blocks to get a sequence as the watermark position key. For other wavelet coefficients, we select two different compressive sensing measurement matrices to simultaneously encrypt and compress them, respectively. Then we embed a watermark into the high frequency coefficient measurements except HH1 section based on the watermark position key. Finally, the watermarked image is scrambled to enhance the security. In this algorithm, compressive sensing is adopted for compression and encryption, and watermark is embedded in the measurements values. It can not only increase the watermark embedding capacity and robustness, but also utilize the reconstruction characteristic of compressive sensing to get higher-quality recovered image. The experimental results verify the validity and the reliability of the proposed algorithm.     

一种改进的DCT域数字音频水印算法

针对现有数字音频水印算法不能同时满足隐蔽性与鲁棒性的问题,在添加水印之前,先将水印的二值图像与随机密钥进行加密操作,再对载体进行三级小波变化和DCT变换,最后对比加密后的水印信息与载体信号,得到密钥值,并将密钥嵌入到载体音频的DCT中频系数中。实验结果表明,该算法能在隐蔽性和鲁棒性之间达到一个较好的平衡。     

基于人类视觉系统和离散小波变换的彩色图像水印

为了扩大数字水印的适用范围,提出一种基于人类视觉系统（HVS）和离散小波变换(DWT)的彩色图像数字水印算法。首先利用混沌加密算法把一个有意义的二值图像加密成水印;然后将彩色图像从RGB色彩空间转换到YCbCr空间,提取Y分量,对Y分量进行一级离散小波变换;最后求出低频分量LL1的视觉掩蔽值,根据视觉掩蔽值,将水印嵌入到彩色图像的Y分量的低频小波系数域上。实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的不可见性和鲁棒性。与以往的基于YCbCr颜色空间的算法相比,该算法具有更好的不可见性和鲁棒性。     

A robust semi-blind watermarking for color images based on multiple decompositions

In this paper, a robust semi-blind watermarking scheme for color images, based on multiple decompositions is proposed to preserve the copyrights of the owner. Using multiple decompositions, the gray watermark is embedded into a host color image. Prior to that, to enhance security the gray watermark is encrypted with Arnold transform and SVD by generating secret keys. The luminance component of the given host image is subjected to discrete wavelet transform(DWT), contourlet transform(CT), Schur decomposition and singular value decomposition(SVD) in sequence and finally the watermark is embedded. In the semi-blind extraction process, the watermark is extracted without the help of the original host image. Experimental results show that the proposed watermarking scheme has better visual imperceptibility and high robustness against image & signal processing attacks compared to other methods.     

BlessMark: a blind diagnostically-lossless watermarking framework for medical applications based on deep neural networks

Nowadays, with the development of public network usage, medical information is transmitted throughout the hospitals. A watermarking system can help for the confidentiality of medical information distributed over the internet. In medical images, regions-of-interest (ROI) contain diagnostic information. The watermark should be embedded only into non-regions-of-interest (NROI) regions to keep diagnostically important details without distortion. Recently, ROI based watermarking has attracted the attention of the medical research community. The ROI map can be used as an embedding key for improving confidentiality protection purposes. However, in most existing works, the ROI map that is used for the embedding process must be sent as side-information along with the watermarked image. This side information is a disadvantage and makes the extraction process non-blind. Also, most existing algorithms do not recover NROI of the original cover image after the extraction of the watermark. In this paper, we propose a framework for blind diagnostically-lossless watermarking, which iteratively embeds only into NROI. The significance of the proposed framework is in satisfying the confidentiality of the patient information through a blind watermarking system, while it preserves diagnostic/medical information of the image throughout the watermarking process. A deep neural network is used to recognize the ROI map in the embedding, extraction, and recovery processes. In the extraction process, the same ROI map of the embedding process is recognized without requiring any additional information. Hence, the watermark is blindly extracted from the NROI. Furthermore, a three-layer fully connected neural network is used for the detection of distorted NROI blocks in the recovery process to recover the distorted NROI blocks to their original form. The proposed framework is compared with one lossless watermarking algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework in terms of side information.

     

基于整型小波变换的彩色图像盲水印算法*

针对多数图像水印算法将灰度图像嵌入宿主图像的研究现状,提出了一种基于整型小波变换将彩色数字水印嵌入到彩色宿主图像中的算法。本算法结合人眼的视觉掩蔽特性, 实现了数字水印嵌入位置的自适应确定,同时采用量化小波系数的方法将彩色水印嵌入到彩色图像YCrCb模式的Y分量中去,彩色水印的提取不需要原始水印和原始宿主图像。实验证明,水印具有良好的不可见性,并且对常见的图像处理操作具有很强的鲁棒性。     

Chaotic based secure watermarking approach for medical images

In this paper, a chaotic based secure medical image watermarking approach is proposed. The method is using non sub-sampled contourlet transform (NSCT), redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) to provide significant improvement in imperceptibility and robustness. Further, security of the approach is ensured by applying 2-D logistic map based chaotic encryption on watermarked medical image. In our approach, the cover image is initially divided into sub-images and NSCT is applied on the sub-image having maximum entropy. Subsequently, RDWT is applied to NSCT image and the singular vector of the RDWT coefficient is calculated. Similar procedure is followed for both watermark images. The singular value of both watermarks is embedded into the singular matrix of the cover. Experimental evaluation shows when the approach is subjected to attacks, using combination of NSCT, RDWT, SVD and chaotic encryption it makes the approach robust, imperceptible, secure and suitable for medical applications.

     

基于小波变换和置乱技术的二值水印新算法

提出一种基于小波变换和置乱技术的二值水印新算法.将载体图像进行置乱变换和小波变换,将水印图像嵌入到低频系数中,嵌入时根据不同的能量范围设置不同的嵌入强度,且根据二值水印图像本身的特点对优值像素和劣值像素设置不同的调整因子.实验结果表明,该算法对加噪、JPEG压缩、裁剪、图像增强、滤波等处理都有很好的抵抗力.     

基于超混沌和小波变换的鲁棒性数字水印算法

提出一种基于二维超混沌序列和离散小波变换（DWT）相结合的鲁棒性数字水印算法．该算法利用形式简单的二维离散超混沌系统产生的超混沌序列生成密码对水印图像加密，同时根据人类视觉系统的特性.对宿主图像在YIQ色彩空间中的Y分量进行多级离散小波变换后，将加密后的水印图像嵌入到宿主图像Y分量的DWT中频子带中．实验结果表明算法同时具有良好的鲁棒性和不可见性．     

SVM based robust watermarking for enhanced medical image security

Medical images are more typical than any other ordinary images, since it stores patient’s information for diagnosis purpose. Such images need more security and confidentiality as total diagnosis depends on it. In telemedicine applications, transmission of medical image via open channel, demands strong security and copyright protection. In our proposed robust watermarking model, a double layer security is introduced to ensure the robustness of embedded data. The embedded data is scrambled using a unique key and then a transform domain based hybrid watermarking technique is used to embed the scrambled data into the transform coefficients of the host image. The data embedding in medical images involves more attention, so that the diagnosis part must not be affected by any modification. Therefore, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as a classifier, which classify a medical image into two regions i.e. Non Region of Interest (NROI) and Region of Interest (ROI) to embed watermark data into the NROI part of the medical image, using the proposed embedding algorithm. The objective of the proposed model is to avoid any quality degradation to the medical image. The simulation is performed to measure the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) for imperceptibility and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) to test the robustness. The experimented result shows, robustness and imperceptibility with SSIM of more than 0.50 and PSNR of more than 35 dB for proposed watermarking model.

     

Securing Fingerprint Images Using PSO-Based Wavelet Domain Watermarking

ABSTRACT

Watermarking techniques are used in biometric systems for the purpose of protecting and authenticating biometric data. This paper presents an efficient scheme to protect and authenticate fingerprint images by watermarking with their corresponding facial images in the wavelet domain using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The key idea is to use PSO to find the best discrete wavelet transform (DWT) coefficients where the facial image data can be embedded. The objective function for PSO is based on the fingerprint image quality with respect to the Structural Similarity index (SSIM) and Orientation Certainty Level index (OCL). As a result, embedding the facial image data in the selected coefficients generated by the proposed method not only results in minimum distortion of the host image but also retains the feature set of the original fingerprint to be used in fingerprint recognition. The robustness of the watermark extracted using the proposed technique has been tested against various image processing attacks. This concept of watermarking a biometric image with another biometric image finds application in multimodal biometric authentication for a more secure system of personal recognition at the receiver's end.     

Robust RDWT-ICA based information hiding

We present a new method for watermarking which is based on redundant wavelet transform (RDWT) and independent component analysis (ICA) for authenticity protection of multimedia products. RDWT gives an over complete presentation of the input sequences and functions as a better approximation to the wavelet transform, and therefore, is well-suitable for watermarking. An advantage of using a large logo is the ability to carry redundant information about copyright, increasing the robustness. By exploiting RDWT, we can embed a large binary logo watermark, which has the same size as the host image. The watermark is detected by a new intelligent ICA-based detector, with which we can directly extract the watermark in spatial domain without transformation steps. Our findings are that RDWT-based watermarking out-performs against image compression, and produces less image distortion than conventional DWT. The robustness of the proposed method is demonstrated and tested under various attacks     

一种基于图象特征的小波水印

本文提出了一种用于图象版权鉴定的小波水印方法。该方法在一定的量化标准下利用小波变换提取图象的特征信息，通过混沌序列对其加密生成数字水印。然后，根据HVS的特点和小波系数间的内在联系确定嵌入强度和位置，将水印信息自适应地嵌入到低频部分。该方法保证了鲁棒性，并实现了脱离原图和参考水印的高概率检测。实验结果表明，这是一种行之有效的图象鉴定方法。     

基于DWT-SVD域的彩色图像自适应水印算法

为了保护数字彩色图像版权,提出了一种结合离散小波变换(DWT)和矩阵奇异值分解(SVD)的彩色图像自适应水印算法。其主要设计思想是:先将原RGB彩色图像的各颜色分量进行小波分解;再将得到的中、低频带的小波系数与原水印图像分别进行奇异值分解,水印信息的奇异值重复嵌入到三通道中、低频带的小波系数奇异值中,且利用临界视觉阈值与奇异值之间的关系对水印嵌入强度作自适应调节,从而达到增强水印鲁棒性和确保水印透明性的目的。本算法适用于二值及灰度水印,在二值水印的提取过程中需设定一个提取阈值,以保证提取水印的完整性。仿真结果说明本算法对水印系统的透明性与鲁棒性作了较好的协调,是一种较稳健的算法。     

基于SURF的ROI区域的可逆水印算法

针对ROI水印算法对几何攻击的抵抗能力较弱的问题,本文提出一种基于SURF(Speeded Up Robust Features)特征点选取ROI,并分别嵌入中、低频子带的可逆水印算法,能有效抵抗几何攻击。该算法首先提取载体的SURF特征点,然后对载体图像进行5/3整数小波变换,筛选出感性兴趣区域(ROI)的低频系数和非感兴趣区域(ROB)的中频系数;水印经过置乱变换和抽样金字塔分解,水印分解后的近似子带嵌入感兴趣区域的低频子带中,残差子带嵌入非感兴趣区域的中频系数中。实验数据表明该算法能够抵抗常规的几何攻击和信号攻击,提取的水印相似度高,NC值均保持在0.89以上,具有良好的可逆性和鲁棒性。     

An adaptive color image watermarking using RDWT-SVD and artificial bee colony based quality metric strength factor optimization

Image watermarking has emerged as a useful method for solving security issues like authenticity, copyright protection and rightful ownership of digital data. Existing watermarking schemes use either a binary or grayscale image as a watermark. This paper proposes a new robust and adaptive watermarking scheme in which both the host and watermark are the color images of the same size and dimension. The security of the proposed watermarking scheme is enhanced by scrambling both color host and watermark images using Arnold chaotic map. The host image is decomposed by redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT) into four sub-bands of the same dimension, and then approximate sub-band undergoes singular value decomposition (SVD) to obtain the principal component (PC). The scrambled watermark is then directly inserted into a principal component of scrambled host image, using an artificial bee colony optimized adaptive multi-scaling factor, obtained by considering both the host and watermark image perceptual quality to overcome the tradeoff between imperceptibility and robustness of the watermarked image. The hybridization of RDWT-SVD provides an advantage of no shift-invariant to achieve higher embedding capacity in the host image and preserving the imperceptibility and robustness by exploiting SVD properties. To measure the imperceptibility and robustness of the proposed scheme, both qualitative and quantitative evaluation parameters like peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index metric (SSIM) and normalized cross-correlation (NC) are used. Experiments are performed against several image processing attacks and the results are analyzed and compared with other related existing watermarking schemes which clearly depict the usefulness of the proposed scheme. At the same time, the proposed scheme overcomes the major security problem of false positive error (FPE) that mostly occurs in existing SVD based watermarking schemes.     

An efficient and robust watermarking approach based on single value decompression,multi-level DWT,and wavelet fusion with scrambled medical images

This paper offers a medical image watermarking approach based on Wavelet Fusion (WF), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), and Multi-Level Discrete Wavelet Transform (M-DWT) with scrambling techniques for securing the watermarks images. The proposed approach can be used for providing multi-level security in various applications such as military, copyright protection, and telemedicine systems. The key idea of the projected approach is to first combine two digital watermark images into a single fused watermark to increase the embedded information payload. Then, the fused watermark is scrambled using Arnold and Chaotic algorithms. Finally, the scrambled fused watermark is embedded in the cover image using the SVD and three-level DWT algorithms. The selection of the Arnold and chaotic for watermark encryption is attributed to confirm robustness which resists several types of multimedia attacks and upturn the security level. This paper also presents a comparative study of the proposed approach for different digital images to determine its robustness and stability. Several simulation results reveal that the proposed system improves the capacity and security of embedded medical watermarks without affecting the cover image quality. In conclusion, the proposed approach achieved not only precise acceptable perceptual quality with admired Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) values but similarly high Correlation Coefficient (Cr) and SSIM values in the existence of severe attacks.

     

一个基于离散混沌加密的数字水印算法

设计了一个基于离散混沌动力系统和小波分解的数字图像水印算法。在水印图像预处理阶段,利用Logistic映射生成的混沌序列对水印图像进行扩展置乱,再利用Logistic映射生成密钥来对水印信息进行加密,从而保证了水印信息的安全性。在水印图像嵌入阶段,对宿主图像进行三层小波分解,利用小波系数大小关系将水印嵌入到水平方向的高频系数中。分析和实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的鲁棒性,水印的安全性和不可见性明显优于常见算法。