等离子喷涂Ni基WC涂层的组织与性能研究

利用等离子喷涂的方法在45钢基体上喷涂Ni基WC涂层;并研究了涂层的显微组织、硬度、耐磨性。结果表明:涂层组织致密与基体结合良好,喷涂中WC颗粒部分分解形成W2C,同时生成新的硬质相和共晶组织。涂层中包含了W2C、Ni3B、Cr7C3、Cr23C6和(Fe,Ni)23C6等化合物,有效地改善了涂层的性能。     

激光重熔Ni基WC涂层的组织与性能研究

研究了45钢为基体的Ni基WC涂层经激光重熔后形成涂层的显微组织、硬度和耐磨性.结果表明:涂层经激光重熔处理后,WC颗粒部分分解形成W_2C,同时形成新的硬质相和共晶组织.涂层中包含γ固溶体和W_2C、Ni_3B、Cr_73、Cr_(23)C_6和(Fe,Ni)_(23)C_6等化合物;有效地改善了涂层的性能.     

WC颗粒增强Ni基合金涂层的组织与性能

利用氧-乙炔火焰喷涂＋激光重熔的方法，在低碳钢表面制备Ni60＋20％（wt）WC合金涂层。利用扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对涂层进行了组织和相结构分析，测试了涂层的显微硬度、耐磨性能及抗热疲劳性能，并用钨极惰性气体保护焊对涂层作了焊接性试验。结果表明，经过激光重熔的涂层组织为γ-Ni基体上分布着Ni3B、CrB、Cr23C6等硬质相，它们和未熔的WC颗粒构成了丰富的耐磨相，增强的Ni基合金涂层，显示了良好的耐磨性和抗热疲劳性，并可进行焊接。     

火焰喷涂Ni基WC复合涂层组织和性能的研究

研究了以T9铜为基体的Ni基WC火焰喷涂层的组织和性能特点。试验结果表明：自熔性合空粉末末喷焊后所形成的复合涂层除生成了γ-Ni固溶体外．还包含有WC、W2C、Ni，B、CrB、Cr7C3、Cr2B、Cr23C6、(Fe，Ni)23C6等化合物和硬质相，有效地提高了基体表面的硬度和耐磨性，其平均显微硬度达900HV。     

激光重熔及回火对Ni基合金火焰喷焊层组织和性能的影响

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射物相分析以及显微硬度测定的方式,分析比较了原始喷焊层和激光重熔喷焊层以及经400℃、500℃、550℃、600℃、650℃、700℃和750℃分别进行1 h和3 h回火处理的Ni基合金喷焊层的显微组织、硬度和耐磨性.结果表明:原始喷焊层的组织主要由γ-(Ni,Fe)和硬质相Cr23C6、Cr5B3、NiB、Fe3B、Ni3B、CrB、Fe2B等组成.经激光重熔的喷焊层与原始喷焊层相比,显微组织得到明显细化,而且硬度和耐磨性都有较大提高.激光重熔喷焊层再经600℃×3h回火后硬度值达到最大,耐磨性最好.     

高频感应熔覆WC增强Ni60合金涂层性能研究

采用高频感应熔覆方法在Q235低碳钢基体上制备了不同含量的WC增强Ni60A合金复合涂层.利用SEM和XRD分析了涂层的显微组织和相结构,并进行了耐磨性试验.结果表明,复台涂层中主要由WC、W2C、Cr7C3、Cr23C6、Cr2B、Ni2B、Ni3Si及Ni3Fe等相组成,并与基体实现了冶金结合.在相同试验条件下,涂层的硬度和耐磨性随WC含量的增加而提高,加入WC涂层的相对耐磨性为Ni60A涂层的2-6倍,当WC加入量为50%时涂层的耐磨性最好,为Ni60A涂层的6.5倍.涂层的磨损机制主要为轻微的塑性切削和硬质相的脆性剥落.     

汽车发动机用AZ91合金表面喷涂与性能研究

采用等离子喷涂和激光重熔法在汽车发动机用AZ91合金表面制备了不同涂层,对比研究了涂层表面和横截面形貌、物相组成、显微硬度和电化学性能。结果表明,等离子喷涂层物相为:γ-Ni、FeNi_3、Ni_3B、WC、W_2C和Cr_7B_3,激光重熔层物相为γ-Ni、CrB、Ni_4B_3、WC、Cr_(23_B6和Cr_2B_3;显微硬度由高到低依次为:激光重熔层等离子喷涂层Ni/Al过渡层AZ91合金基材;等离子喷涂层和激光重熔层的耐腐蚀性能均高于AZ91合金基材,且激光重熔层的耐腐蚀性高于等离子喷涂层。     

火焰重熔对镍基碳化钨涂层显微结构及性能的影响

研究了等离子喷涂NiCrBSi+ 15％WC涂层及对其进行氧乙炔火焰重熔后的组织与性能.采用扫描电镜和显微硬度仪分别对两种涂层做了显微结构的观察和显微硬度测测量以及XRD实验,用MMU-5G摩擦磨损试验机对其做了摩擦磨损性能分析.结果表明,经过火焰重熔后涂层的显微结构得到明显改善,气孔、裂纹、未熔颗粒明显减少,晶粒得到细化,而且形成Cr23C6、CrB、Cr2B3、W2C等硬质相,使涂层的磨损性能显著提高.火焰重熔重熔后涂层的显微硬度能达到800 HV.     

等离子加工热锻模碳化物涂层的制备

以W6Mo5Cr4V2为基体,采用等离子喷涂-重熔技术和喷焊技术,分别用30％SiC、10％Cr3C2和30％WC粉末制备Ni60-SiC涂层、Ni60-Cr3C2涂层和Ni60-WC涂层.然后对各涂层进行显微组织分析和显微硬度测试,并对涂层的热物性参数进行检测.实验结果表明,采用喷焊的方法,配比为70％Ni60和30％SiC的粉末得到涂层性能最好.从宏观形貌、微观形貌、显微硬度和热物性参数上都满足热锻模表面的使用要求.     

激光重熔及时效处理对Ni基合金火焰喷焊层组织与性能的影响

本文利用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）,研究了Ni基合金火焰喷焊层经激光重熔及不同温度时效处理后的金相组织,并进行了显微硬度和耐磨性的测定。试验结果表明,原始喷焊层主要由γ-（Fe,Ni）固溶体和Cr7C3、CrB、Cr5B3、Cr3C2、Fe3B等硬质相组成,经激光重熔后,喷焊层组织为细小的树枝晶及枝晶间分布的共晶组织,使得表面硬度和耐磨性得到很大提高;重熔喷焊层随后经不同温度时效处理后,其组织中不但二次枝晶出现断开现象,硬质相组成发生了改变,而且表面硬度和耐磨性得到进一步的提高。相比较而言,重熔喷焊层经600℃时效处理6h后,表面硬度和耐磨性最好。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.