基于海绵城市理念的城市道路规划与设计

文章对海绵城市进行了概述,分析了海绵城市理念下的城市道路系统规划的注意事项,阐述了海绵城市理念下城市道路系统的规划要点,并将传统城市道路与海绵城市道路进行了对比,探讨了海绵城市道路设计要点。     

城市道路交通规划存在的问题及处理措施——以滁州现代产业园概念规划为例

现代化城市交通是一个开放的、动态的大系统,道路交通管理规划是城市总体规划中的一个重要环节。本文分析了城市道路系统存在的缺陷,并结合滁现代产业园城市道路项规划的工程实例,提出了城市道路合理规划的措施。     

城市道路规划与景观设计的关系与创新策略

生活质量的提高,城市规模的扩大,对城市规划与发展提出了新的要求.城市道路规划和景观设计要保持一种创新的发展模式. 一、城市道路规划与城市景观设计 (一)城市道路规划 城市道路规划是城市建设与未来发展的主要项目,在城市规划与管理设计中,管理辖区与具体的区域划分都要按照道路为标准进行划分,进行交通区域的运输网络项目规划和具体细节的设计,将一系列的城市道路组成部分进行联系,并相互协调,形成有机联系的整体,加强城市道路系统规划可以帮助城市美化环境,提高城市艺术设计风格,提高城市美化效果,让一个城市展现出其魅力与特点.     

山地城市道路系统规划初探

道路系统规划是城市总体规划的重要组成部分。通过山地城市与平原城市道路系统的对比分析．指出山地城市应建立符合自身特点的路网形式和指标体系,并对城市道路规划、建设中存在的道路系统特色和降低建设成本等问题提出了建议。     

周口市城乡规划步入良性发展轨道

一是突出龙头抓编制。先后完成了《周口市（2006—2020）城市总体规划》、《东行政中心控制性详细规划》、《城市道路系统规划》、《城市绿地系统规划》、《住房建设规划》等一系列规划成果,初步形成了引导城市发展、指导城市建设规划成果体系。     

城市公共空间系统协同规划研究——以墨尔本为例

作为城市建成环境的重要组成部分,公共空间不仅自身构成一个相对完整的结构体系,其空间系统也是城市复杂系统内的重要单元,与城市道路系统、城市绿地系统和城市建筑,尤其是公共建筑之间有着紧密的空间与功能联系性。从系统交互关系视角出发,对公共空间系统现存问题做了解读,结合墨尔本的设计实践,从城市道路系统、城市绿地系统和城市公共建筑3个层面提出了公共空间的协同规划策略,以期为构建更完善的城市公共空间系统、进一步促进多个城市空间体系的融合与协同发展提供一种规划思路。     

开放式小区与城市交通的互动探讨

开放式住宅小区建设的首要基础是建设与城市道路衔接的路网系统.它不仅仅是解决住宅小区内部交通出入的问题更为重要的是在住宅小区中适当地规划城市道路顺应城市发展规律使住宅小区发展与城市发展有机联系在一起.本文就开放式住宅小区的道路交通规划进行探讨.     

建设以科研和高科技产业为主体的科技城——嘉定新城总体规划简介（下）

1 规划背景 2 城市性质、规模和发展方针 3 城市土地利用和空间布局 (以上见上期) 4 综合交通规划 4.1 建立布局合理、功能分明、内外衔接、高效畅通的城市道路系统,贯彻公交优先的客运交通政策,加强新城与周边地区特别是与中心城的交通联系。 4.2 道路系统规划     

浅析城市道路规划中的问题及改进措施

城市道路规划对于城市经济的发展具有重要的影响。只有不断完善城市道路规划，才能推动城市经济更加稳步地前进。现阶段，我国经济仍处在发展阶段，而在城市建设过程中，相关部门对道路规划的重视度还不够高，不仅在政策意识方面过于淡薄，同时在技术手段与资源利用方面的能力仍然相当薄弱，为了促进我国城市经济进一步发展，我们必须要提高对城市道路规划设计的重视。本文阐述了城市道路规划中存在的问题，并分析了城市道路规划的基本原则，提出了城市道路规划的改进措施。     

以海绵城市为导向的城市道路优化设计研究

海绵城市是现阶段城市道路规划建设的一个新热点,其有助于解决我国城市的内涝及缺水情况,缓解城市热岛效应,维持城市生态生态平衡.通过阐述海绵城市的相关概念,分析海绵城市理念对城市道路设计中的作用及现阶段城市道路设计中应遵循的原则,以海绵城市为导向分析城市道路优化设计方案,从而优化我国城市道路体系,加快海绵城市建设步伐.     

Automobile gross emitter screening with remote sensing data using objective-oriented neural network

One of the costs of Taiwan's massive economic development has been severe air pollution problems in many parts of the island. Since vehicle emissions are the major source of air pollution in most of Taiwan's urban areas, Taiwan's government has implemented policies to rectify the degrading air quality, especially in areas with high population density. To reduce vehicle pollution emissions an on-road remote sensing and monitoring system is used to check the exhaust emissions from gasoline engine automobiles. By identifying individual vehicles with excessive emissions for follow-up inspection and testing, air quality in the urban environment is expected to improve greatly. Because remote sensing is capable of measuring a large number of moving vehicles in a short period, it has been considered as an assessment technique in place of the stationary emission-sampling techniques. However, inherent measurement uncertainty of remote sensing instrumentation, compounded by the indeterminacy of monitoring site selection, plus the vagaries of weather, causes large errors in pollution discrimination and limits the application of the remote sensing. Many governments are still waiting for a novel data analysis methodology to clamp down on heavily emitting vehicles by using remote sensing data. This paper proposes an artificial neural network (ANN), with vehicle attributes embedded, that can be trained by genetic algorithm (GA) based on different strategies to predict vehicle emission violation. Results show that the accuracy of predicting emission violation is as high as 92%. False determinations tend to occur for vehicles aged 7-13 years, peaking at 10 years of age.     

基于系统动力学的城市轨道交通PPP项目特许期决策模型研究

城市轨道交通因其自身建设期长、造价高、不确定风险大等特点,使得其特许期的确定至关重要。通过文献阅读及前人经验对影响城市轨道交通 PPP 项目特许期因素进行识别,利用系统动力学软件,建立城市轨道交通 PPP 项目特许期模型,并对关键因素物业收入、年交通量、年运营成本和机动车数量进行敏感性分析,得到城市轨道交通 PPP 项目特许期的变动情况,确定不同影响因素对特许期的影响情况。研究结论可为城市轨道交通 PPP 项目特许期的制定提供参考。     

FROM TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE TO GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE — ADAPTABLE FUTURE ROADS IN AUTONOMOUS URBANISM

Modern road systems consist of a large amount of driving fault-tolerant space for security reasons, leaving much of the area vacant and underutilized in off-peak hours. The emerging autonomous vehicle technology may address this problem while reshaping the urban structure and space through transportation technology innovations. Once the algorithm-controlled vehicles can realize an accurate running, 80 percent of the existing roads can be transformed into vegetated permeable surfaces. As a result, the whole road system will be converted into a pervasive green infrastructure network, which provides an opportunity to enhance the continuity of urban ecosystem. Moreover, the cloud computing technology may help distribute more lanes to vehicles during peak hours and shrink vehicles’ right of way during off-peak hours. The saved road space could support activities such as outdoor restaurants and concerts. Finally, the author encourages more landscape architects to contribute to a better future of autonomous urbanism with their visions of eco-environment, public space, and humanity.     

信号控制交叉口U-turn设计及延误模型

城市道路信号控制交叉口左转车流是造成交叉口冲突和拥挤,以至于形成交通瓶颈的主要原因之一。通过分析实施U-turn的交通效益和影响因素,利用稳态模型、过渡函数和可插间隙理论建立了基于交叉口车均延误和U-turn行程时间的延误模型。最后利用实例,得到U-turn设计可使饱和度最高下降29%,车均延误最高下降63%,从而使交叉口服务水平有较大提高。     

城市交通规划、建设与管理中以人为本的公平性

公平共享是城市交通发展的首要原则,但目前没有得到社会各界的关注。指出了城市交通规划、建设与管理中存在的一系列不公平现象。分析了观念和决策上产生这类问题的根源。最后提出了实现交通公平的一系列措施,特别强调了公交优先和切实保障非机动车、行人的交通安全。试图通过公平性探讨,促进城市交通发展方向的明确。     

销品茂与城市商业步行街

销品茂与城市商业步行街作为商业步行街的室内外两种形态,都是从传统城镇商业街的原型发展而来。文章首先简要地讨论了销品茂和城市商业步行街发展的历史,介绍了从上世纪70年代至90年代大规模混合使用开发中步行环境和城市公共空间设计的改善,城镇中心和都市村的开发概念,同时阐述了营建一个成功城市商业步行街的要点,城市步行商业街商业内容的改变和混合娱乐内容的重要性。对于在国内近几年来城市商业步行街实践中常见的一些问题和内容,如步行街的形态,人车分时通行,商业策划步行街的设计和形象等也进行了探讨。     

基于虚拟样机技术的液压液力复合转向机构的优化匹配研究

满足履带车辆在恶劣路面实现原地转向是转向系统设计的重要指标之一.目前,我国履带车辆普遍采用液压机械双功率流的无级转向系统,为满足大吨位车辆原地转向要求,必须匹配大排量的液压泵-马达或提高液压泵-马达的系统压力.为克服这些不足,提出液压液力复合转向工作机构.首先分析了液压液力复合转向机构的工作原理,确定了液力偶合器的原始特性.然后,以某车的综合传动系统为研究基础,通过引入液力偶合器构成液压液力复合转向机构,并在ADAMS/View环境中建立了相应的虚拟样机模型.以此模型为蓝本,确定了4个设计变量,通过分析,偶合器的有效直径和动力输入到液力偶合器泵轮的传动比为关键变量,并进行变量的敏度分析.最后,建立了优化约束条件和优化目标,利用ADAMS的DOE(Design of Experiment)功能进行了优化设计的仿真分析,确定了偶合器的有效直径和传动比,并进行了仿真实验.仿真表明,设计的液压液力复合转向机构可满足车辆在恶劣路面原地转向的要求,同时显著降低了液压泵-马达的排量,为低排量泵-马达实现大吨位车辆的转向性能提供了依据.     

The impacts of large scale use of electric vehicles in southern California

This article summarizes a report to the California Institute for Energy Efficiency on The Impact of Electric Vehicles on the Southern California Edison System. It begins with a review of previous studies of electric vehicles and their impact on the electric utility. It then describes the assumptions adopted for eight scenarios with large scale use of electric vehicles in southern California. The article then explains the likely impacts of these vehicles on Edison's electric loads, its system operation, its total revenue requirements and its average electric rate. The study confirms that electric vehicles can lead to improved load shapes, improved efficiency of operations, and a possible reduction in the average electric rate. But there are unexpected results as well. First, the Edison's resource plan could accommodate an unusually large number of electric vehicles if the vehicles are powered by advanced batteries and their charging is subject to smart control. And second, the rate benefits of electric vehicles can be partially erased by an increase in Edison's payments to private cogenerators who sell power on marginal cost contracts. The article concludes with an analysis of the reduction in tail pipe emissions if electric vehicles were to displace conventional vehicles in southern California.     

Environmental performance of an urban passenger transport system and influencing factors: A case study of Tianjin,China

The environmental performance of an urban passenger transport system (EPUPTS) is the positive influence on the natural environment generated by the urban passenger transport system. It is affected by many factors, including its inputs and the inputs of transportation facility manufacturers. This paper analyses the interaction between EPUPTS and its influencing factors taking Tianjin, China, as an example. EPUPTS in Tianjin is evaluated by a combination evaluation method at first. Then this paper uses a vector auto-regression model to analyze the dynamic relationship between the environmental performance of the urban passenger transport system and its inputs and the inputs of transportation facility manufacturers separately. The results show that 1) EPUPTS was stable in Tianjin but still has a specific space for improvement; 2) compared to the investment in fixed assets, the input of passenger transport vehicles has a significant impact on EPUPTS; 3) the R&D input of transportation facility manufacturers also has an evident impact on EPUPTS, but this impact was relatively small.     

城市道路桥梁的疲劳荷载谱

我国针对公路及城市道路桥梁疲劳设计的车辆荷载谱还是个空白,本文以上海市内环线中山路3号桥地面道路桥梁为例,对城市道路桥梁的疲劳荷载作了研讨.在1994年和1995年两次交通调查的基础上,得到了由18类日常典型的运营车辆组成的荷载频值谱.依据等效的疲劳损伤原理,将实测的车辆荷载频值谱简化成由6类模型车辆组成的具有实用性的荷载频值谱.所建立的模型车辆荷载频值谱,对于日常车辆交通构成与本文状况相类似的其它城市道路桥梁的疲劳损伤度验算,可作为参考.