复合板材的超声特征扫描成像检测

介绍特征扫描(F-scan)超声成像检测技术,研制复合薄壁板材的特征扫描超声自动成像检测系统,通过此系统提取复合材料中缺陷的特征参数,对检测结果进行多种形式(B,C,F,相位特征)成像,在适当的判断条件下,实现缺陷的判断和识别.超声波层析图像表明:此设计实现层状复合材料层间粘结情况、层状材料中密度分布状态的分析和直观显示.     

炭纤维复合材料超声多维扫描成像检测技术

针对各种形状炭纤维复合材料构件，本文介绍了一种实时超声多维扫描成像检测技术。     

SiCp/AZ91D镁基复合材料中SiCp颗粒分散情况的无损检测方法

SiC_p/AZ91D镁基复合材料在航空航天领域应用较为广泛，但由于国内外对于超声波检测方法研究SiC_p/AZ91D镁基复合材料中SiC_p颗粒分布情况鲜见报道。本工作通过挤压铸造法，制备体积分数分别为0%,2%,4%和6%的SiC_p颗粒增强镁基复合材料。为了研究复合材料中颗粒分布情况，本工作采用超声声速法、超声衰减法、超声波特征扫描成像检测及非线性超声检测方法对SiC_p颗粒分散性进行研究。探索各种声学参量随SiC_p体积分数的变化关系及不同的检测方法对SiC_p颗粒分布情况检测能力的差异，并进行实验验证。结果表明：超声特征扫描检测及超声速度法能够定量检测SiC_p宏观团聚，超声衰减法对表征微观团聚和宏观团聚都能达到一个很好的效果，非线性超声检测方法对于检测SiC_p微观团聚更为敏感，颗粒不均匀时对力学性能影响最为突出，抗拉强度大大降低。     

基于空耦换能器的碳纤维增强环氧树脂编织复合材料激光超声检测技术

激光超声技术具有无需耦合剂、快速及高分辨等特点,适用于各向异性碳纤维增强树脂编织复合材料的缺陷检测。运用有限元法分析了激励位置和编织结构对激光点源激发超声波信号的影响,获得了弹性波在材料内部的传播规律以及能量分布特征,并采用1 MHz空气耦合换能器搭建了一套小型化、低成本的非接触激光超声C扫描成像系统,开展了斜纹和缎纹碳纤维增强树脂编织复合材料的近表微结构和内部缺陷检测实验。结果表明,基于空气耦合换能器的激光超声成像可以高精度地再现碳纤维增强树脂编织复合材料的近表树脂囊、碳纤维束形状、取向、尺寸及其内部缺陷等空间分布特征,有望为航空复合材料提供一种原位的微结构表征和缺陷检测方法。      

超声C扫描设备定量评价方法研究

超声C扫描系统在超声成像检测、缺陷识别等无损检测领域获得了广泛应用。但是,对C扫描图像的缺陷进行精确分析和表征一直是超声领域的难点之一。基于超声C扫描缺陷图像,给出了一种结合K-means聚类与Graham算法的图像特征参数定量估计方法,通过定量估计的参数能够有效地评价超声C扫描系统的检测质量。实验结果表明该方法能够有效描述标准圆形人工缺陷区域特征,有利于进一步评价超声C扫描设备。     

复合材料多轴联动超声C扫描检测技术评述

随着航空、航天装备研制中非规则曲面复合材料制件比重的增加,传统的超声C扫描检测手段已难以满足实际应用需求。多轴联动超声C扫描检测技术为非规则曲面复合材料制件的检测提供了重要技术支撑。本文分析和评述了多轴联动超声C扫描检测的技术原理、典型设备形式和主要功能,分析了存在的问题,并指出发展方向。     

航空锻件的超声成像技术

由于锻件表面不平整,且厚度不均,目前超声扫查系统普遍采用手工超声波探伤法检测锻件内部缺陷,无法应用标准的B扫描成像和C扫描成像,存在着效率低、探伤质量较差等不足之处。提出了以“厚度-灰度”超声检测为核心的基本成像过程,包括路径规划、全波采样、信号处理、波形分析和缺陷扫描成像等方法,并示例实现。该检测手段有助于促进航空锻件超声检测的智能化,提高检测的效率和可靠性。     

圆环钎焊蜂窝结构超声C扫描检测及其系统研制

利用直接数字成像和程控采样扫描技术，研制成了圆环蜂窝构件超声Ｃ扫描检测系统，精确地将蜂窝构件检测结果分析处理后直接显示在微机终端屏幕。     

奥氏体厚壁焊缝超声扫描检测成像

采用自行研制的超声换能器和透声楔块,对99mm厚奥氏体焊缝进行了超声扫描成像检测。为消除透声楔块中超声的散射噪声,将检测信号与楔块中的信号进行了相消处理。利用基于匹配追踪和小波分析的信号处理方法,有效消除了焊缝中粗大晶粒造成的材料噪声信号,提高了厚壁焊缝超声检测的信噪比。基于经过信号预处理的超声扫描信号,生成了焊缝的超声扫描图像,并对图像分辨率、缺陷定位精度进行了分析。结果表明:该方法可检测到焊缝试块中2人工横孔,实现了奥氏体厚壁焊缝缺陷的超声检测成像。     

四通道水浸式超声C扫描检测软件研制

为解决航空航天复杂精密构件或大厚度工件利用水浸式超声C扫描检测需要分区聚焦的使用问题,作者研制出四通道水浸式超声C扫描检测软件CScanPro,实现了一次扫描4个通道同时成像的分区聚焦检测功能,提高了检测效率,其实用性强,运行稳定。同时,CScanPro软件也可应用于非聚焦四通道超声C扫描检测,当前已在3台超声C扫描检测系统中安装和使用,实际检测结果准确,满足测试要求。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.