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基于双谱分析理论,结合表面粗糙度偏斜度参数的定义,提出了偏斜度函数的表达方式,以及二维双谱的对角线切片算法,并将它们用于三维粗糙工程表面的偏斜度描述。文中还对具有对称、正偏态和负偏态分布特征的电火花、精密车削和研磨加工试件进行了实验研究,认为双谱和偏斜度函数可以合理有效地描述三维粗糙表面偏离高斯分布的程度。 相似文献
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二维原子晶体材料简称二维材料,因载流子迁移和热量扩散都被限制在二维平面内,展现出了许多奇特的性质而受到了广泛关注。二维材料的带隙可调特性在场效应管、光电器件、热电器件等领域应用广泛。另外二维材料的自旋自由度和谷自由度的可控性使得二维材料在自旋电子学和谷电子学等领域也引发了深入的研究。不同的二维材料由于晶体结构的特殊性质导致了不同的电学特性或者光学特性的各向异性,包括拉曼光谱、光致发光光谱、二阶谐波谱、光吸收谱、热导率、电导率等性质的各向异性。这些各向异性特性在偏振光电器件、偏振热电器件、仿生器件、偏振光探等领域拥有巨大的发展潜力。二维材料的各向异性还能够用于实现器件性能的最优化。文章介绍了各种二维材料的各向异性的最新研究进展。 相似文献
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在金刚石车削中,刀具与工件之间的相对振动会在加工表面上生成具有某种规律性的特征,并恶化表面质量.本文仿真了振动影响下的金刚石端面车削表面的成型,并研究了刀具与工件之间的相对振动对表面形貌的影响.传统的二维轮廓方法并不适用于整个表面特征的分析,只能采用径向、周向和进给螺旋方向的轮廓进行联合分析.采用由二维快速傅里叶变换推导得到的面域功率谱密度函数可以一次性描述加工表面的形貌,并依此形成了一种根据表面数据分析辨识刀具与工件之间相对振动的系统方法,拓展了面域方法在加工表面分析上的应用.最后,通过金刚石实际车削表面的分析验证了该方法的有效性. 相似文献
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二维原子晶体材料简称二维材料,因载流子迁移和热量扩散都被限制在二维平面内,展现出了许多奇特的性质而受到了广泛关注.二维材料的带隙可调特性在场效应管、光电器件、热电器件等领域应用广泛.另外二维材料的自旋自由度和谷自由度的可控性使得二维材料在自旋电子学和谷电子学等领域也引发了深入的研究.不同的二维材料由于晶体结构的特殊性质导致了不同的电学特性或者光学特性的各向异性,包括拉曼光谱、光致发光光谱、二阶谐波谱、光吸收谱、热导率、电导率等性质的各向异性.这些各向异性特性在偏振光电器件、偏振热电器件、仿生器件、偏振光探等领域拥有巨大的发展潜力.二维材料的各向异性还能够用于实现器件性能的最优化.文章介绍了各种二维材料的各向异性的最新研究进展. 相似文献
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为了提高材料去除率和加工通用性,本文提出了工具施加二维超声波振动辅助的化学机械磨削(CMG)复合加工方式,开发具有伸缩和弯曲两种模态的二维超声波振动子及实验装置.以单晶硅片为加工对象,进行单点切削加工轨迹特性分析,并比较不同加工模式以及加工参数对表面粗糙度和材料去除率的影响.实验结果表明,二维超声辅助下的单点切削轨迹存在更多延性加工趋势.在同样普通机床精度条件下,随着时间的增加,二维超声辅助CMG表面粗糙度明显改善,达到纳米级.较无超声情况下二维超声波辅助CMG复合加工材料去除率提高约1倍,可获得最优表面粗糙度5 nm,一维径向超声辅助加工结果次之. 相似文献
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该文利用核磁共振实验技术详细研究了抗心律失常药物盐酸普罗帕酮的化学结构特征,并借助二维核磁共振实验技术对盐酸普罗帕酮的氢谱和碳谱进行了完全归属,为该类化合物的结构解析提供了有益的分析依据。 相似文献
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Yumin Da Jinxin Liu Lu Zhou Xiaohui Zhu Xiaodong Chen Lei Fu 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2019,31(1)
The rise of micro‐supercapacitors is satisfying the demand for power storage in portable devices and wireless gadgets. But the miniaturization of the energy‐storage components is significantly limited by their energy density. Electrode materials with adequate electrochemical active surfaces are therefore required for improving performance. 2D materials with ultralarge specific surface areas offer a broad portfolio of the development of high‐performance micro‐supercapacitors in spite of their several critical drawbacks. An architecture engineering strategy is therefore developed to break these natural limits and maximize the significant advantages of these materials. Based on the approaches of phase transformation, intercalation, surface modification, material hybridization, and hierarchical structuration, 2D architectures with improved conductivity, enlarged specific surface, enhanced redox activity, as well as the unique synergetic effect exhibit great promise in the application of miniaturized supercapacitors with highly enhanced performance. Herein, the architecture engineering of emerging 2D materials beyond graphene toward optimizing the performance of micro‐supercapacitors is discussed, in order to promote the application of 2D architectures in miniaturized energy‐storage devices. 相似文献
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三维表面粗糙度参数的矩表征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以分形几何理论为基础,利用轮廓谱矩和表面谱矩对三维表面粗糙度评定参数进行了分形表征;并且从理论上提出了一些新的三维评定参数,如均一性、等方性等;最后还进行了实验验证。 相似文献
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Huijun Yu Meng Dai Jing Zhang Wenhan Chen Qiu Jin Shuguang Wang Zuoli He 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2023,19(5):2205767
Assembling different 2D nanomaterials into heterostructures with strong interfacial interactions presents a promising approach for novel artificial photocatalytic materials. Chemically implementing the 2D nanomaterials’ construction/stacking modes to regulate different interfaces can extend their functionalities and achieve good performance. Herein, based on different fundamental principles and photochemical processes, multiple construction modes (e.g., face-to-face, edge-to-face, interface-to-face, edge-to-edge) are overviewed systematically with emphasis on the relationships between their interfacial characteristics (e.g., point, linear, planar), synthetic strategies (e.g., in situ growth, ex situ assembly), and enhanced applications to achieve precise regulation. Meanwhile, recent efforts for enhancing photocatalytic performances of 2D/2D heterostructures are summarized from the critical factors of enhancing visible light absorption, accelerating charge transfer/separation, and introducing novel active sites. Notably, the crucial roles of surface defects, cocatalysts, and surface modification for photocatalytic performance optimization of 2D/2D heterostructures are also discussed based on the synergistic effect of optimization engineering and heterogeneous interfaces. Finally, perspectives and challenges are proposed to emphasize future opportunities for expanding 2D/2D heterostructures for photocatalysis. 相似文献
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Chiral materials are widely applied in various fields such as enantiomeric separation, asymmetric catalysis, and chiroptical effects, providing stereospecific conditions and environments. Supramolecular concepts to create the chiral materials can provide an insight for emerging chiro-optical properties due to their well-defined scaffolds and the precise functionalization of the surfaces or skeletons. Among the various supramolecular chiral structures, 2D chiral sheet structures are particularly interesting materials because of their extremely high surface area coupled with many unique chemical and physical properties, thereby offering potential for the next generation of functional materials for optically active systems and optoelectronic devices. Nevertheless, relatively limited examples for 2D chiral materials exhibiting specific functionality have been reported because incorporation of molecular chirality into 2D architectures is difficult at the present stage. Here, a brief overview of the recent advances is provided on the construction of chiral supramolecular 2D materials and their functions. The design principles toward 2D chirality and their potential applications are also discussed. 相似文献
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Wei Zhang Yang Yang Bianxiao Cui 《Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science》2021,25(1):100873
The physical properties of biomaterials, such as elasticity, stiffness, and surface nanotopography, are mechanical cues that regulate a broad spectrum of cell behaviors, including migration, differentiation, proliferation, and reprogramming. Among them, nanoscale surface topography, i.e., nanotopography, defines the nanoscale shape and spatial arrangement of surface elements, which directly interact with the cell membranes and stimulate changes in the cell signaling pathways. In biological systems, the effects of nanotopography are often entangled with those of other mechanical and biochemical factors. Precise engineering of 2D nanopatterns and 3D nanostructures with well-defined features has provided a powerful means to study the cellular responses to specific topographic features. In this Review, we discuss efforts in the last three years to understand how nanotopography affects membrane receptor activation, curvature-induced cell signaling, and stem cell differentiation. 相似文献
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Textile reinforcement forming is frequently used in aeronautic and automobile industries as a composite manufacturing process. The double-curved shape forming may be difficult to control and can lead to defects. Numerical simulation analysis can predict the suitable forming conditions and minimize the defects. Wrinkling as one of the most common flaws can be experienced easily during textile composite forming for certain specific shapes, for example the square box. In order to product a composite square box without wrinkles, a surface 3D weaving process has been developed to weave directly the shape of final part without the step of 2D preforming. In the surface 3D weaving the three directions are completely designed. The warp and weft yarns on all the surfaces of square box are absolutely under control and the final 3D ply has a homogeneous fibre volume fraction. 相似文献
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This article investigates the 3D surface topography and 2D roughness profiles, and micrographs were analyzed in the abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting of AISI D2 steel kerf wall cut surfaces by varying water jet pressures and jet impact angles. In 3D surface topography, roughness parameters such as Sq, Ssk, Sp, Sv, Sku, Sz, and Sa were improved by various jet impact angles with different water jet pressures. However, the roughness parameters Ssk and Sku strongly depend on the water jet pressure and jet impact angle. This is confirmed by kerf wall cut profile structures. Fine irregularities of peaks and valleys are found on the AWJ cut surfaces, as evident from 2D roughness profiles. The scanning electron microscope micrographs confirm the production of an upper zone not very much damaged and a lower striation free bottom zone, by using the jet impact angle of 70° with a water jet pressure of 200?MPa. Finally, the results indicate a jet impact angle of 70° maintaining the surface integrity of D2 steel better than normal jet impact angle of 90°. The results are useful in mating applications subjected to wear and friction. This has resulted in enhancement of the functionality of the AWJ machined D2 steel components. 相似文献
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Tzu-Cheng Sung Chao-Wen Heish Henry Hsin-Chung Lee Jhe-Yu Hsu Chun-Ko Wang Jia-Hua Wang Yu-Ru Zhu Shih-Hsi Jen Shih-Tien Hsu Abdurahman H.Hirad Abdullah A.Alarfaj Akon Higuchi 《材料科学技术学报》2021,63(4):9-17
Human mesenchymal stem cells,such as human adipose-derived stem cells(hASCs),are typically cultured on a two-dimensional(2 D)monolayer material surface,on which 2 D culturing methods are easily performed and time-saving.However,hASCs usually suffer from decreased pluripotency and differentiation ability when cultured with a 2 D monolayer culturing method compared to hASCs cultured with a three-dimensional(3 D)culturing method,such as suspension culture.In this study,we evaluated whether the pluripotency and differentiation ability of hASCs can be reversibly changed during sequential cultivation with 2 D and 3 D culturing processes.The hASCs cultivated with a 3 D culturing process after 2 D culture showed at least 2-fold enhanced pluripotency(Sox2,Nanog,and OCT4)compared with that of hASCs cultured with the 2 D culture process alone.Furthermore,hASCs obtained from the 3 D culture process expressed increased levels of differentiation markers of chondrocytes and osteoblasts compared with hASCs obtained from the 2 D culture process when hASCs were induced to differentiate.However,their pluripotency and differentiation ability were extensively reduced when hASCs were shifted from 3 D culture to 2 D culture and vice versa,which indicates that hASCs show reversibility in terms of their pluripotency and differentiation ability depending on their environment in 2 D and 3 D culture.The reversibility of pluripotency and differentiation ability were found to last for at least 5 passages in culture during the alternative and sequential culture of cells with 2 D and 3 D culturing processes.Our study revealed the importance of the culture microenvironment in maintaining the pluripotency and differentiation ability of hASCs,which may reduce the effects of the aging process in hASCs.We discuss whether the environment of stem cell culture(i.e.,2 D or 3 D cultivation)can affect stem cell fate in terms of pluripotency and differentiation reversibility. 相似文献
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Yue Liu Yanbo Gao Xinyu Bao Fujun Zhang Zehua Xu Junhua Hu Zhifeng Shi Min Lu Zhennan Wu Yu Zhang Dingdi Wang William W. Yu Xue Bai 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2023,19(42):2302337
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on 2D/3D composite structure have shown enormous potential to combine high efficiency of 3D perovskite with high stability of 2D perovskite. However, there are still substantial non-radiative losses produced from trap states at grain boundaries or on the surface of conventional 2D/3D composite structure perovskite film, which limits device performance and stability. In this work, a multifunctional magnetic field-assisted interfacial embedding strategy is developed to construct 2D/3D composite structure. The composite structure not only improves crystallinity and passivates defects of perovskite layer, but also can efficiently promote vertical hole transport and provide lateral barrier effect. Meanwhile, the composite structure also forms a good surface and internal encapsulation of 3D perovskite to inhibit water diffusion. As a result, the multifunctional effect effectively improves open-circuit voltage and fill factor, reaching maximum values of 1.246 V and 81.36%, respectively, and finally achieves power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.21%. The unencapsulated devices also demonstrate highly improved long-term stability and humidity stability. Furthermore, an augmented performance of 21.23% is achieved, which is the highest PCE of flexible device based on 2D/3D composite perovskite films coupled with the best mechanical stability due to the 2D/3D alternating structure. 相似文献