The theoretical study of O<Subscript>2</Subscript> adsorption on NiTi (100) and (110) surfaces

The discrete variational Xa method (DV-Xα) within the framework of density-functional theory was applied to study O₂ molecule adsorption on NiTi (100) and (110) surfaces. The bond order and charge distribution between Ti and O atoms for two possible O₂ molecule adsorption ways on NiTi (100) and (110) surfaces were calculated. It is found that the adsorption way for O−O bond perpendicular to NiTi surface is preferred to that for O−O bond parallel to NiTi surface, and O₂ molecule only interacted with one nearest surface titanium atom during the adsorption process. Mulliken population and the partial density of state analysis show that the interaction between Ti and O atoms is mainly donated by O 2p and Ti 4s electrons on NiTi(110) surface, O 2p and Ti 4s, 4p electrons on NiTi(100) surface, respectively. The total density of state analysis shows that NiTi(100) surface is more favorable for O₂ molecule adsorption. HUA Ying-jie: Born in 1966. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50081001)     

Insights into the adsorption performance and mechanism of hydrated Ca ion on talc (0 0 1) basal surface from DFT calculation

The utilization of Ca ion as assistant depressant of CMC on talc has been widely reported. Thus, the study on the adsorption mechanism of Ca ion on talc surface is very crucial for understanding the performance of CMC on talc depression. In this paper, mechanism insights into hydrated Ca ion adsorption on talc (0 0 1) basal surface were creatively provided using DFT calculation. [Ca(H₂O)₆]²⁺ and [Ca(OH)(H₂O)₃]⁺ were determined as the effective hydrate components for Ca ion adsorption, and the top O site was the most favorable position for their adsorptions on talc surface. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanisms of [Ca(H₂O)₆]²⁺ and [Ca(OH)(H₂O)₃]⁺ on talc surface were found to be not the Ca—O chemical bond, but the hydrogen bonding formed by the H atom of the H₂O ligand and the surface O atom. H₂O acted like a bridge to connect them to the talc surface. Moreover, the hydrogen bonding was formed due to the hybridization of H 1s orbital with the O 2s, O 2p orbitals. Simultaneously, electrons transferred between the H atom and the surface O atom. This work provides theoretical insights into the Ca ion adsorption on talc surface, which can help deeply understand the talc flotation using CMC as depression.     

Chemial Bond and Stability of Adsorption of [Au（ AsS3 ）]^2- on the Surface of Kaolinite

Density function theory and discrete variation method (DFT-DVM) were used to study the adsorption of [Au( AsS3 )]^2- on the surface of kaolinite. The correlation among structure, chemical bond and stability was discussed. Several models were selected with [ Au( AsS3)]^2- in different directions and sites. The results show that the models with gold on the edge of kaolinite basal layer contain pincerlike bond among gold and several oxygen atoms and form strong Au - 0 covalent bond, so these models are more stable than those with gold above or under the layer. The models with gold near to [ AlO2(OH)4] octahedra are more stable than those with gold near to the vacancy withont aluminium. These two stable tendencies in kaolinite- [ Au( AsS3)]^2- are stronger than that in kaolinite-Au systems. The interaction between [ Au( AsS3 )]^2- and kaolinite is stronger than that between gold and kaolinite, and this interaction is strong enough to form the surface complexes.     

Study on hydrogen atom adsorption and diffusion properties on Mg (0001) surface

Hydrogen atom adsorption and diffusion properties on clean and vacancy defective Mg (0001) surface have been investigated systematically by using a first-principles calculations method based on the density functional theory. The calculation results of adsorption energy and diffusion energy barrier show that hydrogen atom is apt to be adsorbed at fcc and hcp sites on clean Mg (0001) surface, and fcc adsorption site is found to be more preferred. The highest diffusion energy barrier is estimated as 0.6784 eV for the diffusion of hydrogen from clean Mg (0001) surface into its bulk. Surface effects, which affect hydrogen diffusion obviously, results in a slow diffusion velocity of hydrogen from surface to subsurface, while a fast one from subsurface to bulk, indicating the range of surface effects is only restricted within two topmost layers of Mg (0001) surface. Comparatively, Mg atom vacancy on Mg (0001) surface not only enhances the chemisorption interaction between H and Mg surface, but also benefits H atom diffusion in Mg bulk with relatively more diffusion paths compared with that of clean surface. Besides, hydrogen atom is found to occupy mostly the tetrahedral interstice when it diffuses into the Mg bulk. Further analysis of the density of states (DOS) shows that the system for hydrogen atom to be adsorbed at fcc site has a lower DOS value (N (E _F)) at Fermi level and more bonding electrons at the energy range blow the Fermi level of H/Mg (0001) system as compared with that at hcp site. On the other hand, the enhanced chemisorption interaction between hydrogen and defective surface should be attributed to the fact that the electronic structures of Mg (0001) surface are modified by an Mg vacancy, and the bonding electrons of the topmost layer Mg atoms are transferred from low energy range to Fermi level, which is in favor of improving the surface activity of Mg (0001) surface. Supported by the PhD Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 200805321032), the Science and Technology Program Project of Hunan Province (Grant No. 2008GK3083) and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and the Innovative Research Team in university (Grant No. 531105050037)     

H2在Pt（111）表面吸附及电催化的密度泛函理论

Pt是燃料电池的重要电催化剂,为研究H2在Pt表面的吸附和氧化行为,采用密度泛函理论,通过构造表面层模型方法,对H2分子在金属态和电极Pt(111)表面Top、Bridge和Hollow三种吸附位进行研究。 H2在Pt(111)表面Hollow位吸附能最大,Top位吸附能最小;电极表面吸附能远大于金属态表面吸附能。吸附过程中H—H键被拉长,吸附后H—H键振动频率比自由分子振动频率减少,产生明显红移。电吸附过程中电子由H2分子向电极Pt(111)表面进行了不同程度的转移。计算结果与实验结果十分相近,从理论上解释了H2在电极Pt表面的电吸附和电催化机理。     

Electronic band structures of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> with heavy nitrogen doping

The first-principles density-functional calculation was conducted to investigate the electronic band structures of titanium dioxide with heavy nitrogen doping （TiO2-xNx）.The calculation results indicate that when x≤0.25,isolated N 2p states appear above the valence-band maximum of TiO2 without a band-gap narrowing between O 2p and Ti 3d states.When x≥0.50,an obvious band gap narrowing between O 2p and Ti 3d states was observed along with the existence of isolated N 2p states above the valence-band of TiO2,indicating that the mechanism proposed by Asahi et al operates under heavy nitrogen doping condition.     

Eleetronie Structures and Bonding Properties of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2

The relation among electronic structure, chemical bond and property of Ti2AlC, Ti3AlC2 and doping Si into Ti2AlC was studied by density function and the discrete variation （DFT-DVM） method. After adding Si into Ti2AlC, the interaction between Si and Ti is weaker than that between Al and Ti, and the strengths of ionic and covalent bonds decrease both. The ionic and covalent bonds in Ti3AlC2, especially in Ti-Al, are stronger than those in Ti2AlC. Therefore, in synthesis of Ti2AlC, the addition of Si enhances the Ti3AlC2 content instead of Ti2AlC. The density of state （DOS） shows that there is mixed conductor characteristic in Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2. The DOS of Ti3AlC2 is much like that of Ti2AlC. Ti2SiAl1-xC has more obvious tendency to form a semiconductor than Ti2AlC, which is seen from the obvious difference of partial DOS between Si and Al 3/7.     

Chemieal Strueturcs and Adsorptive Behaviors of Superplastieizers on β-C2S

The chemical structures of four types of superplasticizers （SPs） and their adsorptive behaviors on β-C2S were investigated. The adsorption properties of SPs on β-C2S were measured and the relationship between the adsorption quantity and the specific surface of β-C2S was analyzed. The experimental results show that the adsorption quantity increases with the surface area increase of β-C2S, but the adsorption quantity per surface area is similar, which means that the main adsorbent is β-C2S itself. Polycarboxylic ester （PCE） showed the highest adsorption amount on β-C2S, followed by β-naphthalene sulfonates （NSF） and formaldehyde-acetone condensates sulfonates （FAS）, amino sulphonate （AS） showed the least adsorption amount on β-C2S. PCE affected the surface potential of β-C2S particles in water differently in comparison with other types of SPs. The adsorption capacity of SPs on β-C2S is determined by factors such as molecular structure, functional groups and molecular weight of SPs.     

Cu_2O空心微球光催化降解生活污水

以硫酸铜为铜源,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为表面修饰剂,水合肼为还原剂,在水溶液中制备纳米氧化亚铜颗粒构成的空心微球。通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱等手段对样品进行表征,并研究了氧化亚铜空心微球对生活污水的光催化降解性能。研究结果表明,氧化亚铜空心微球壳厚20～30nm,直径170～220nm,在400～700nm波长范围有较强吸收,对生活污水有明显的光催化降解效果。     

Interface structure of Ag (111)/SnO<Subscript>2</Subscript> (200) composite material studied by density functional theory

Electric contact material of Ag/SnO₂ was successfully synthesized by in situ process method. The interface structure was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HTEM) and simulated at atomic scale on computer. The mean-square displacements of atoms near the interface were calculated, and the results showed that near the interface both Ag side and SnO₂ were mismatched and this effect decays rapidly far from the interface. By inspecting the calculated density of states (DOS), we found that the electric-conductivity of this composite material was decreased because of the localized 4d and 2p electrons of Ag and O near the Fermi surface, respectively. Electron density changed acutely across the interface, so that there was no extra compound precipitated. A micro-electric field also formed in the whole material due to the interface structure, and this may affect the electron conduction and the related electric-conductivity of the composite. It is found that the interface cohesive energy of Ag (111)/SnO₂ (200) was −3.50 J/m², which is higher than the experimental results. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 2008CB617609), the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province (Grant No. 2006E003Z) and Science Innovation Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology     

Preparation and characteristics of Cu/Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>/MgF<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Au tunnel junction

The fabrication process of Cu/Al₂O₃/MgF₂/Au double-barrier metal/insulator/metal junction (DMIMJ) was introduced, and more stable light emission from this junction was successfully observed. The light emission physical mechanism of the junction was discussed. Results show that light emission spectrum of this structure locates at wavelength of 250–700 nm with two peaks at around 460 nm and 640 nm, which moves towards shorter wavelength region in comparison with that of the Al/Al₂O₃/Au junction. The light emission efficiency of this junction ranges from 0.7×10⁻⁵–2.0×10⁻⁵, which is 1 to 2 orders higher than that of the single-barrier Al/Al₂O₃/Au junction. The improved properties of this structure should be due to the electrons resonant tunneling effect in the double-barrier.     

CO在Cu表面吸附过程中电荷转移的理论研究

应用密度泛函理论,对CO分子在Cu(100)表面的吸附过程进行了研究。计算了CO分子以垂直方式在3种不同吸附位置吸附时CO分子和Cu(100)表面原子的电荷分布。结果表明:与碳原子最近邻的铜原子表面上发生明显电荷转移,而其他表面原子及体相原子的电子结构没有变化。Mulliken集居数及局域态密度分析表明,吸附过程中CO分子与表面Cu原子相互作用主要是CO分子内杂化轨道和3d,4s,4p(Cu)的贡献。     

The Theoretical Study of O_2 Adsorption on NiTi (100) and (110) Surfaces

1　IntroductionNiTishapememoryalloyhaswidelybeenusedinmanyfieldsduetoitsexcellentmechanicalproperties ,uniqueshapememoryeffectandsuperelasticity .In 1970’s ,thegoodbiocompatibilityofNiTialloywasdiscoveredanditwasfurtherusedforvariousbiomedicalapplica tions ,suchasorthopaedicsurgery ,cardiovascularandgas trointestinalsurgery[1-4] .Thehighmechanicalpropertiesandbiocompatibilityofthebiomedicalmaterialsarenec essaryfortheirefficientuseinhumanbody .Thecorrosionresistanceofthealloyandthetoxicityo…     

Influence of mechanical milling on photocatalytic activity of g-C<Subscript>3</Subscript>N<Subscript>4</Subscript> prepared by heating melamine

Using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectra, and photoluminescence spectroscopy, the effect of mechanical milling on the photocatalytic activity of g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst was investigated. The rhodamine B, as a photodegrading goal, was used to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of g-C₃N₄. The experimental results indicate that the milling treatment is an effective method to improve the photocatalytic activity of g-C₃N₄. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to the improvement in catalyst’s surface area and dye adsorption on catalyst surface. Moreover, checking the luminescence properties of g-C₃N₄, it is found that the photocatalytic active sites on g-C₃N₄ are likely the same as luminescence sites.     

层状磷酸锆的制备及插层研究

具有层状结构的磷酸锆α-Zr（HPO4）2·H2O通过粉末X-射线衍射（XRD）,振动光谱（红外IR和拉曼光谱Raman）,热分析仪（TG）,透射电子显微镜（TEM）,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和BET氮气吸附等手段进行了表征.所制备的α-Zr（HPO4）2·H2O的BET表面积为12.29 m^2/g.研究了α-Zr（HPO4）2·H2O的插入行为,与四甲基溴化铵和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的插入反应表明插入是完全的,层间距分别增加了0.46 nm和1.68 nm,且插入化合物的荧光性质在室温被检测.     

Study on H atoms diffusion and adsorption properties of MgH<Subscript>2</Subscript>-V systems

Based on experimental results that VH_0.81/MgH₂ interface was found during the process of mechanically milling MgH₂+5at.%V nanocomposite, H atoms diffusion and adsorption properties of MgH₂-V systems have been investigated by using a first-principles plane-wave pseudopotential method based on the density functional theory. The results are as follows. When VH/MgH₂ interface is formed due to V alloying MgH₂ phase, the vacancy formed by H atoms near VH phase region is more stable than that without V alloying, while vacancy near MgH₂ phase region is less stable than that without V alloying. During the process of H atoms diffusion after V alloying, the max migration barrier energy of H atoms in MgH₂-V systems is reduced compared with that of MgH₂ phase, which means that H atoms diffuse easily. When H diffuses into VH from MgH₂ across VH/MgH₂ interface, among three substitutions such as the replacement of H for V vacancy, or interstitial site or V atoms, the replacement of H for V vacancy has the strongest diffusion ability, next interstitial site, and finally V atoms site. As far as H adsorbed on different surfaces of VH phase is concerned, physical adsorption is carried out more easily than chemical adsorption, and the behavior of H atoms adsorbed on the surface near VH phase region can be found more easily than that near MgH₂ phase region. Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2006CB605104) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50771044)     

配体保护下的Au8团簇吸附和活化O2的第一性原理研究

采用密度泛函理论的TPSS泛函,研究在配体聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（poly（N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone）,PRD）保护下O2吸附在Au8团簇上的稳定构型的结构和电子性质。PRD通过物理吸附作用在Au8团簇上,PRD中的O与Au8形成较弱的Au-O键。相对于Au8团簇,Au8：PRDR团簇的活性略有提高并与O2产生共吸附效应。分析表明：在共吸附中,PRD通过Au8将部分电子转移给了O2,进入了O2的LUMO轨道,促进了Au对O2的活化作用,从而提高了Au8的催化活性。     

氢原子在Cu，Pt（100），（111），（110）面上的吸附扩散势能面结构的研究

构成了Ｈ－ＣＵ，Ｈ－Ｐｔ相互作用的５参数Ｍｏｒｓｅ势，用经典的对势方法研究了氢原子在Ｃｕ（１００），ＣＵ（１１１），ＣＵ（１１０），Ｐｔ（１００），Ｐｔ（１１１），Ｐｔ（１１０）面上的吸附和扩散，得到了氢原子在６个表面上的吸附位、吸附几何、键能及本征振动等数据和实验结果附和得很好。同时系统地研究了６个体系的吸附扩散势能面结构。此外，还重点研究了氢原子在ＣＵ（１００）、Ｐｔ（１１１）两体系的吸附态之间经过渡态扩散的活化能，扩散系数及隧道效应对扩散系数的影响，这些工作都基本上达到预期的结果，证实了所采用的方法的可行性。     

Reaction Activity of Kaolinite Surfaces：Quantum Chemistry Calculations

The anion-kaolinite surface infractions and AuS - adsorption onto the surfaces of kaolinite were studied using the self-consistent-field discrete variation ( SCF - Xα - DV) method. Electronic structure and energies of the system of anion AuS- adsorbed on an atomic cluster of kaolinite were calculated. The results show that the systems with lower total energy are those AuS- adsorbed on the edge surfaces, which indicates that the systems of adsorption of AuS- on the edges are more stable relative to those adsorbed on the basal plane. On the other hand, bond order data suggest that significant shifting of atomic charge and the overlapping of electronic cloud between Au ( Ⅰ ) of the AuS- and the surface ions of kaolinite would take place in the systems with AuS - being adsorbed on the edges, especially at the she near A1 octahedra. Therqrore, it can be concluded that edge sites will dominate the complexation reactions of the surfaces of kaolinite, with negligible contributions from other fimctional groups on the basal plane, which are dominated by either siloxane sites in silica layers or aluminol sites in gibbsite layers.     

Sensing characterization of Sn/In/Ti nanocomplex oxides for CO,CH<Subscript>4</Subscript> and NO<Subscript>2</Subscript>

The nanocomplex oxides of Sn-In and Sn-In-Ti were prepared by controlled co-precipitation method as sensing materials of semiconductor gas sensors for detection of CO, CH4 and NO2. Through manipulating the Sn/In cation ratio, metal salt total concentration, precipitation pH value and aging time, the nanocrystalline powders were successfully derived with chemical homogeneity and superior thermal stability, compared with the single component oxides. The particle size and morphology, surface area, and thermal and phase stabilities were characterized using TEM, TG-DTA, BET and XRD. The sensing tests showed that the Sn-In composites exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity for CO and NO2. The introduction of TiO2 enhanced CH4 sensitivity and selectivity, particularly, additives of Pd and Al2O3 as a dopant and surface modification greatly enhanced the sensing properties. The sensitivity depended on the composition of composites, calcination temperature and operating temperature. The optimal values were (25%In2O3- 75%SnO2)-20%TiO2 for ternary composite, 600 and 300℃, respectively. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) studies were employed to explain the gas adsorption behavior displayed by the surface of nanocomposites and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis was used to confirm the electronic interactions existing between oxide components. The sensing mechanism of the nanocomposites was attributed to chemical and electronic synergistic effects.