1,3—取代方酸衍生物的光谱研究及二聚体,簇集体的形成

本文合成了１，３－取代方酸衍生物：１，３－双〔４－二甲胺苯基〕－２，４二羟基环丁二烯氢氧双内盐（ＤＭＣＳ），１，３－双〔４－双十六烷胺苯基〕－２，４二羟基环丁二烯氢氧双内盐９ＤＨＣＳ）。研究了ＤＭＣＳ和ＤＨＣＳ在不同溶剂中的光物理行为，估算了ＤＭＣＳ、ＤＨＣＳ的基态与激发态之间偶极矩差值。在ＣＴＡＢ胶束中，除ＤＭＣＳ单体分子外，ＤＭＣＳ形成了二聚体。在二氧六环－水体系中，研究了ＤＨＣＳ的簇集行为。     

农药新化合物(杀菌剂)专利文摘(1999年1月～1999年6月)

苯甲氧苯基环丙烷化合物作为杀菌杀虫剂ＥＰ８８９０２４（Ｒｏｈｍ＆Ｈａｓｓ）１（３羟基苯基）２苯基环丙烷α［２（溴甲基）苯基］β甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯以及ＫＯＨ在ＤＭＦ中搅拌得到５９％的３甲氧基２［２［３（２苯基环丙基）苯氧甲基］苯基］丙酸甲酯对黄瓜Ｓｐｈａｅｒｏｔｈｅｃａｆｕｌｇｉｎｅａ有防效。ＯＣＨ２ＣＨＣＨ３ＯＣＨ２ＣＯＯＭｅ［（氨基苯氧苯基）乙酰胺基］异噻唑及吡啶化合物杀虫杀菌剂（ＢａｙｅｒＡＧ）ＤＥ１９７２７１６２２－５ｇ４氯３甲基５［４（４硝基苯氧基…     

6,7-二氨基-2-(2′,4′-二甲基)苯基-1H-苯并[de]异喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮的合成

苊经发烟硝酸硝化，稀硝酸氧化得到６，７－二硝基－１Ｈ，３Ｈ－萘并［１，８－ｃｄ］吡喃－１，３－二酮，它与２，４－二甲基苯胺缩合后用氯化亚锡还原得到６，７－二氨基－２－（２′，４′－二甲基）苯基－１Ｈ－苯并［ｄｅ］异喹啉－１，３（２Ｈ）－二酮。与６－氨基－２－（２′，４′－二甲基）苯基－１Ｈ－苯并［ｄｅ］异喹啉－１，３（２Ｈ）－二酮（Ｃ．Ｉ．溶剂黄４４，或Ｃ．Ｉ．分散黄１１）相比，其在ＤＭＦ中的最大吸收波长红移了１７．６ｎｍ，最大荧光波长蓝移了４２．７ｎｍ，荧光量子产率有所增大。     

含草酰胺桥的新型铜（Ⅱ）─镍（Ⅱ）双核配合物的合成和磁性研究

本文合成和表征了两种新的杂双核配合物：［Ｃｕ（ｏｘｄｎ）Ｎｉ（ｔｍｎ）＿２（ＣｌＯ＿４）＿２（１）和［Ｃｕ（ｏｘｄｎ）Ｎｉ（ｔｍｄ）＿２］（ＣｌＯ＿４）２（２），ｏｘｄｎ代表Ｎ，Ｎ＇－双（３－氨丙基）草酰胺根阴离子；ｔｍｎ为Ｎ．Ｎ．Ｎ＇－四甲基乙二胺；ｔｍｄ表示１．３－丙二胺。测定了配合物（１）的变温磁化率（４～３００Ｋ），其数值用最小二乘法和从自旋哈密顿算符Ｈ＝－２ＪＳ＿１·Ｓ＿２导出的磁方程拟合，求得交换积分Ｊ＝－１１８．８ｃｍ￣（－１）。文中还用Ｋａｈｎ理论解释了这种反铁磁自旋交换作用。     

一种有用的锌配合物的制备研究及其可能机理

二（１,３－二硫杂环戊烯－２－硫酮－４,５－二硫）合锌酸的四级铵盐（以下简写为［Ｚｎ］）是合成有机超导材料ＢＥＤＴ－ＴＴＦ［１］的原料,它是合成含硫取代基ＴＴＦ的重要试剂。其合成文献［２～５］报道较多,但产率均不高,且操作要在惰性气氛或无溶剂下进行。本文对［Ｚｎ］制备工艺进行了研究,取得了满意结果,并提出了可能机理。合成路线如下：ＣＳ２＋ＮａＤＭＦＳＳＳＮａＳＳＮａＺｎＣｌ２,Ｅｔ４ＮＢｒＣＨ３ＯＨ,ＮＨ３·Ｈ２Ｏ（Ｅｔ４Ｎ）２ＳＳＳＳＳＺｎＳＳＳＳＳ　［Ｚｎ］１　实验将ＤＭＦ滴加到１８ｍＬ二硫…     

5，10，15，20－四（4－甲氧基－3－磺酸苯基）卟啉铑、钌、钯金属配合物的合成及光助还原水放氢的研究

一种合成铑、钌、钯卟啉配合物的简便方法。合成了３种新配合物：Ｒｈ（ＤＭＦ）２［Ｔ（４－ＭＯＰ）ＰＳ］·９Ｈ２Ｏ、Ｒｕ（ＣＯ）２（ＤＭＦ）［Ｔ（４－ＭＯＰ）ＰＳ］·１５Ｈ２Ｏ、Ｐｄ（ＤＭＦ）２［Ｔ（４－ＭＯＰ）ＰＳ］·１８Ｈ２Ｏ。元素分析、电子光谱、红外光谱和放氢功能的研究证明Ｒｈ（Ⅱ）配合物具有较好的光敏性。     

N,N′-双(2-氨乙基)草酰胺合铜的Cu(Ⅱ)-Mn(Ⅱ)双核配合物的合成及其性质的研究

以Ｎ，Ｎ′－双（２－氨乙基）草酰胺合铜［Ｃｕ（ｏｘｅｎ）］作为螯合剂，合成和表征了４个草酰胺桥联的异双核配合物［Ｃｕ（ｏｘｅｎ）Ｍｎ（Ｌ）２］（ＣｌＯ４）２。ｏｘｅｎ表示Ｎ，Ｎ′－双（２－氨乙基）草酰胺根阴离子；Ｌ分别为Ｎ，Ｎ，Ｎ′，Ｎ′－四甲基乙二胺（ｔｍｅｎ）、１，３－丙二胺（ｔｍｄ）、１，２－丙二胺（ｔｍｅ）和乙二胺（ｅｎ）。测定了配合物［Ｃｕ（ｏｘｅｎ）Ｍｎ（ｔｍｅｎ）２］（ＣｌＯ４）２的变温磁化率（４～３００Ｋ）；其数值用最小二乘法和从自旋Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎｉａｎ算符（Ｈ＝－２ＪＳ１·Ｓ２－ＤＳ２Ｚ１）导出的磁方程拟合，求得交换积分Ｊ＝－２６．８ｃｍ－１，表明双核配合物中金属离子间存在反铁磁性超交换作用。实验还发现双核配合物的抑菌活性优于配体的抑菌活性。     

1，5－二（2－硝基苯氧基）－3－氮杂戊烷及其N－取代物的合成

报道了９个新型二硝基化合物的合成。将１，５－二（２－硝基苯氧基）－Ｎ－对甲苯磺酞基－３－氮杂戊烷用３３％ＨＢｒ－ＨＡｃ脱磺酰基得到１，５－二（２－硝基苯氧基）－３－氮杂戊烷。Ｎ－取代氮芥与邻硝基苯酚在碳酸钾存在下，在ＤＭＦ中，于８０℃缩合反应６ｈ得到Ｎ－取代－１，５－二（２－硝基苯氧基）－３－氮杂戊烷，取代基为：ＣＨ＿２ＣＨ＝ＣＨ＿２，Ｃ＿４Ｈ＿（９－ｎ），Ｃ＿５Ｈ＿（１１－ｎ），ＣＨ＿２ＣＨ＿２ＯＣＨ＿３，ＣＨ＿２ＣＨ＿２ＯＣ＿２Ｈ＿５，ＣＨ＿２ＣＨ＿２ＯＣ＿４Ｈ＿（９－ｎ），（ＣＨ＿２ＣＨ＿２Ｏ）＿２ＣＨ＿３，（ＣＨ＿２ＣＨ＿２Ｏ）＿２Ｃ＿４Ｈ＿（９－ｎ）。     

LaCrO_3－NiMn_2O_4复合陶瓷的结构分析

将尖晶石型ＮｉＭｎ＿２Ｏ＿４及钙钛矿型ＬａＣｒＣ＿３这二者电阻个较高的半导体陶瓷热敏材料复合并经高温烧结后，其复合体电阻率大幅度降低。应用ＸＲＤ，ＸＰＳ，ＴＥＭ和ＳＥＭ对复合体结构进行较为系统的研究，结果表明：ＮｉＭｎ＿２Ｏ＿４与ＬａＣｒＯ＿３按一定比例复合后，在烧结过程中两者之间有离子迁移发生，离子迁移的结果使钙钛矿结构的ＬａＣｒＯ＿３转变为高导电相的Ｌａ［Ｃｒ＿（１－ｘ－ｙ）Ｎｉ＿ｘＭＮ＿ｙ］Ｏ＿３（０＜ｙ＜０，０＜ｘ＋ｙ＜０），它使复合体电阻率大幅度降低。     

立构嵌段聚丁二烯的研制 Ⅴ．立构三嵌段聚丁二烯的合成及动力学行为

以α－甲基萘锂（α－ＭＮＬｉ）为引发剂、二哌啶乙烷（ＤＰＥ）为调节剂、环己烷为溶剂的丁二烯负离子聚合体系，研究了ＤＰＥ／α－ＭＮｌｉ、聚合温度与聚合物１，２－结构含量关系，合成出１，２一结构近１００％的１，２－聚丁二烯（１，２－ＰＢ）和１，２－１，４－１，２－ＰＢ。反应动力学研究表明：１，４－ＰＢ与１，２－ＰＢ中单体浓度与反应速率呈一级方程关系；４０℃时，生成１，４－ＰＢ的反应动力学方程式为－ｄ［Ｍ］／ｄｔ＝０．２８［Ｃ］￣０．５［Ｍ］；ＤＰＥ用量增大，表观增长反应过度常数Ｋ＿ｐ￣η减小；求得不同条件下的表观增长活化能。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。