SiC纤维／LCMAS微晶玻璃基复合材料的界面结合和力学性能

本工作通过在母体玻璃中引入ＭｇＯ后进行热处理得到一系列具有不同热膨胀系数的微晶玻璃．ＳｉＣ纤维／ＬＣＭＡＳ微晶玻璃基复合材料在烧结条件下，在纤维和基体间形成一厚度约为２μｍ的界面层．纤维、基体间的界面剪切应力通过单根纤维压出法测试，发现纤维、基体间的界面剪切强度对复合材料的力学性能有严重的影响，并且ＳｉＣ纤维／ＬＣＭＡＳ系微晶玻璃基复合材料具有较高的界面剪切强度，通过降低基体的热膨胀系数减弱界面剪切强度，可使复合材料的强度和断裂韧性都得到明显的改善．     

多向细编碳／碳复合材料界面力学性能测试与表征

本文用自制装置研究了多向细编Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料纤维束性能，分析了工艺过程的影响。同时用界面微脱粘实验技术研究了Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料界面性能，给出了相应的理论模型和界面应力分布，提出了由界面脱粘力，纤维、基体和复合材料性能表征界面剪切强度的方法，为Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料优化设计提供了定量参数。结果表明：织物结构、织物编织工艺以及织物／基体复合对纤维的强度影响很大，降为原始纤维的２０％左右，对模量影响小。不同界面层次，纤维／基体的界面结合情况和界面剪切强度不同，Ｚ向纤维束中纤维／基体结合好，具有最高的结合强度，ＳＥＭ观察证实有大量基体碳在纤维上枝联。     

界面涂层对气相渗硅Cf/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响

在1650℃气相渗硅（Vapor Silicon Infiltration—VSI）制备了3D碳纤维增强SiC基复合材料（Cf／SiC），其密度约为1．85g／cm^3．当C／SiC界面涂层存在时，气相渗硅cf／SiC强度为239．5MPa；而无界面涂层存在时，Cf／SiC弯曲强度大幅下降，约为67．4MPa．无界面涂层保护时，气相渗硅过程中纤维与硅蒸气发生反应，使得纤维硅化，造成材料性能下降．纤维表面沉积的C／SiC涂层，不仅保护纤维，避免被硅侵蚀，而且具有弱化界面、偏转裂纹等作用，复合材料的断裂功得到显著提高．将气相渗硅温度提高到1700℃后，有界面涂层存在情况下Cf／SiC复合材料密度显著提高，达到2．25g／cm^3，强度基本与1650℃时相当．     

制备工艺对炭纤维增强碳化硅基复合材料性能的影响

研究了炭纤维编织增强体的预处理工艺和基体致密化工对炭纤维增强碳化硅基复合材料性能的影响。研究表明，“涂层＋高温处理”工艺比单纯的高温处理工艺提高纤维强度保留率１３－４４％。涂层厚度对纤维强度保留率和复合材料强度也有影响。涂层厚度约为０．７μｍ时，效果最佳。采用“均热法化学气相渗透＋先驱体转化法”制备的碳／碳化硅复合材料密度可达２．０ｇ／ｃｍ＾３以上，弯曲强度和断裂韧性可分别达到６４３ＭＰａ和１７．     

多向细编碳/碳复合材料界面力学性能测试与表征

本文用自制装置研究了多向细编C/C复合材料纤维束性能,分析了工艺过程的影响。同时用界面微脱粘实验技术研究了C/C复合材料界面性能,给出了相应的理论模型和界面应力分布,提出了由界面脱粘力,纤维、基体和复合材料性能表征界面剪切强度的方法,为C/C复合材料优化设计提供了定量参数。结果表明:织物结构、织物编织工艺以及织物/基体复合对纤维的强度影响很大,降为原始纤维的20%左右,对模量影响小。不同界面层次,纤维/基体的界面结合情况和界面剪切强度不同,Z向纤维束中纤维/基体结合好,具有最高的结合强度,SEM观察证实有大量基体碳在纤维上枝联。     

界面监测系统对复合材料界面最佳性能的评价

本文采用自行建立的纤维增强复合材料界面监测系统研究了纤维/树脂基体间的界面强度及其与复合材料力学性能的关系。结果表明,界面剪切强度是决定复合材料层间剪切强度与断裂韧性的一个关键的临界参数。     

玻璃纤维增强热塑性有机复合材料界面强度及其对材料力学性能的影响

本文研究了 BK-10玻璃纤维增强聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚碳酸酯两种热塑性有机基复合材料中纤维与基体界面强度的测量、控制及其对复合材料性能的影响。用有机硅烷耦联剂涂覆纤维表面可以提高纤维与基体的界面强度并相应提高复合材料的力学性能。实验发现四种基体纤维界面破坏形式分别存在于界面强度强和弱的韧性和脆性基体复合材料体系中。选用折光率相匹配的基体和纤维,适当控制制备工艺可以制备出光学透明的复合材料。     

高性能有机纤维单丝复合体系界面粘结性能实验研究

采用单丝复合体系多次断裂法,通过对纤维单丝断点数的统计及其断点形貌的分析,考察了PBO纤维、芳纶Twaron纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维(UHMWPE)3种高性能有机纤维与韧性环氧基体的界面剪切强度;并对比考察了界面剪切强度与对应复合材料单向板层间剪切强度之间的关系;结合XPS、SEM等手段分析了有机纤维表面物理化学特性对界面剪切强度的影响。结果表明,Twaron/环氧的界面剪切强度高于PBO/环氧,UHMWPE/环氧的界面粘结弱,该方法不能测试;上述体系界面剪切强度与对应的复合材料单向板层间剪切强度变化趋势是一致的;表面化学活性高的纤维对应的界面剪切强度高。     

超声作用对芳纶/环氧浸润行为的影响

芳纶/环氧复合材料界面性能较弱是影响其优异发挥的主要原因，为改善树脂对纤维的浸润性和提高界面强度，采用超声强迫浸渍技术，研究了超声作用下，树脂体系粘度、表面张力的变化趋势，进而研究了树脂对纤维的浸润性，为提高芳纶/环氧复合材料的界面性能提供了依据。     

碳纳米管纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面剪切强度及微观结构

研究了碳纳米管纤维的微观结构和拉伸性能,并进一步分析了其与环氧树脂形成界面剪切强度及微观结构。采用单丝断裂试验测试了碳纳米管纤维/环氧树脂复合材料体系的界面剪切强度,结合单丝断裂过程中的偏光显微镜照片、复合材料的拉曼谱图和断口扫描电镜照片,研究了碳纳米管纤维/环氧树脂复合材料界面的微观结构。结果表明: 碳纳米管纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面剪切强度约为14 MPa;在碳纳米管纤维和环氧树脂形成界面的过程中,环氧树脂可以浸渍纤维,形成具有一定厚度的复合相,这种浸渍过程和界面相的形成都有利于碳纳米管纤维与基体之间的连接。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.