分形理论在肝脏CT影像分割中的应用研究

针对肝脏CT影像的特点,提出了基于分形理论的分割算法。根据分形维数反映图像复杂程度的定义,通过计算两次突变的分维数,来确定图像的灰度值范围,并利用该灰度值范围确定阈值。并通过实验,表明利用分形维数所得到的阈值进行分割处理较传统方法有较大改进,且该方法计算的肝脏边缘分维数也为今后评价肝脏是否发生病变提供参考数据。     

一种彩色纹理图像的分割方法

纹理分析一直是图像理解和计算机视觉等领域研究的重点和难点,现有的纹理分割方法大多集中于研究灰度纹理图像,文中提出一种基于分形理论的BP神经网络原彩色纹理图像分割方法,该方法将彩色图像由RGB色彩空间转换为HSI色彩空间,根据亮度计算分数维、多重分形广义维数谱q-D（q)和“空隙”等纹理特征,同时加入归一化的色度和饱和度作为另外两个分类特征,采用经过有监督训练的BP神经网络作为分类器,通过对纹理图像的分割实验,结果证实该方法行之有效。     

遥感图像的分形特征

为了通过分形理论将空间结构信息应用于遥感解译之中,引入一种分析遥感图像分形特征的方法,运用所编程序对-景ETM 遥感数据进行运算,得到所需分形特征数据.并发现:所得分维值的大小能相对地表达原图像的复杂性,原图像及地物的复杂性都与分维值的大小具有正相关关系.该算法还可以计算除遥感图像外其他数字图像的分形特征,并为将遥感图像的空间结构信息引入遥感分类打下基础.     

一种基于数学形态学的分形维数估计方法

对于分形维数的估计是基于分形理论的纹理图像分割算法中最重要的环节。由于使用固定划分的规则网格，常用的基于盒计数的分形维数估计算法及其各种改进方法的误差较大；而传统的形态学维数估计算法虽然在准确性上有一定提高．但其时间复杂度偏高。为此提出了一种基于可变结构元的数学形态学分形维数估计方法(VSEM)。该方法将灰度图像视为一个三维空间中的曲面，使用一组不同尺度的结构元分别度量该曲面．根据度量结果与尺度之间满足的指数率来估计图像表面的分形维数。通过恰当的选择结构元和使用递推技术得到不同尺度下的膨胀结果，新方法成功地弥补了现有算法的不足。本文使用了一组合成纹理和一组自然纹理来评估几种常见的分形维数估计算法。结果显示，本文提出的新方法能够在较小的时间复杂度下，得到更为精确的估计结果。最后，将该方法应用于遥感图像的分割。与其他常用的分形分割算法相比，使用该方法估计的分形维数和图像的临域均值作为特征能够得到更好的分割结果。在对比分析和分割实验中表现出的良好性能说明本文提出的分形维数估计算法可以有效地应用于纹理图像分割。     

改进差分盒维数阈值的自然图像分割方法

分形可以提供自然图像复杂度信息,是一种最接近自然的算法,而维数是分形理论中最重要的内容之一,在图像处理中被广泛的应用.由于普通的阈值分割方法只注重灰度信息,而分形维数能很好考虑空间信息,还能考虑一些主要的细节问题,从而将两者结合,改进的差分盒维数法是利用图像分块处理的思想,能处理大数据图像信息,因此改进差分盒维数阈值法得到很好效果,应用于数学形态学处理.实验结果证明,改进差分盒维数阈值的自然图像分割法比传统方法和盒维数的方法效果好,不仅提高分割速度,而且分割精度也得到提高.     

基于分形理论的空间目标图像分割算法

针对像素邻域灰度方差和分形维数提出了一种空间目标的图像分割算法.首先针对空间目标自然背景的特点,从分形理论的相似性上对云背景进行分析,提出了衡量灰度变化程度的指标像素邻域灰度方差,进而建立与灰度图像对应的像素邻域灰度方差图,实现了目标边界奇异性的增强.其次,在对阈值和方差图分形维数关系分析的基础上,提出了灰度方差的阈值选择方法进行仿真,最后给出空间目标图像分割算法的流程,仿真结果验证分割算法是有效的.     

一种基于乘性可变尺度形态分形模型的分割新算法*

在定义乘性可变尺度结构算子对数学形态维分形模型进行优化和改进的基础上,提出了一种基于提取分形特征参数的图像分割算法.首先定义并比较了加性和乘性可变尺度形态结构算子,并以此为基础进行形态学膨胀运算,提取归一化模型下的数学形态维分形维数,再用分形特征维数调制灰度值,以拉开各个灰度级间的距离,有效地增大了目标和背景的差异,最后进行自适应阈值分割.大量对比仿真实验取得了良好的分割效果,并且证明了本算法的有效性和可靠性.     

分形理论在遥感图像分类处理中的应用综述

针对遥感图像的特点,将分形理论应用于遥感图像分类中,可以根据不同的类型引入不同的分维数,在一定程度上符合了地物实际分布的特征,从而可以应用到遥感图像分类中。     

基于分形的彩色岩石裂隙分割

纹理分割是图像处理与计算机视觉领域研究的重点和难点.现有的纹理分割方法大多集中于研究灰度纹理图像,该文提出了一种基于分形纹理特征和颜色信息结合的彩色纹理分割算法.该算法将复杂的彩色图像分形维数计算转化为单色图像分形维数的计算,将纹理特征和颜色信息相结合,采用区域生长法来实现分割.通过对彩色岩石裂隙图像的分割实验,结果证实该该方法行之有效.     

基于分形特征的磨粒图像分割

磨粒图像分割是磨粒图像分析的关键一步,分割结果的准确性将直接影响磨粒的最终识别和分类。分形理论在表征磨粒的轮廓特征和表面特征方面得到了广泛应用。结合磨粒图像的分形特征和自组织特征映射神经网络,提出基于分形特征的磨粒图像分割方法。首先,计算磨粒图像的分形维数,多重分形维数,结合图像的灰度信息,共得到图像的8个特征;然后,利用自组织特征映射神经网络的自组织、自学习特性,实现磨粒图像的分割。磨粒图像分割的结果表明,该算法是可行的、有效的。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.