聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土柱大偏心受压承载力计算

对270个聚丙烯纤维掺量(体积分数)分别为0vol%、0.1vol%、0.2vol%、0.3vol%、0.4vol%、0.5vol%、钢纤维掺量(体积分数)分别为0vol%、0.5vol%、1vol%、1.5vol%、2vol%的聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土试块进行立方体抗压试验、轴心抗压试验和劈裂抗拉试验,基于复合材料力学理论,考虑纤维的取向系数、长度有效系数和界面黏结系数,对其建立强度预测模型并进行机制分析,同时选取掺量分别为0vol%、0.1vol%、0.3vol%的聚丙烯纤维、掺量分别为0vol%、1.5vol%的钢纤维制作6根聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土柱,对其进行大偏心受压试验,在强度预测模型的基础上进行承载力计算,提出聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土承载力计算方法。结果表明:钢纤维对聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度均有提高;聚丙烯纤维可提高聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度,但不能提高聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土的抗压强度;聚丙烯-钢混杂纤维加入混凝土柱可有效提高其极限承载力。      

喷嘴行进速度及高度对3D打印混凝土力学性能影响的试验

为研究喷嘴行进速度、喷嘴高度等打印参数对3D打印混凝土力学性能的影响,制备了相同配合比的浇筑试块和不同打印参数组合下的打印试块,通过混凝土立方体抗压试验、棱柱体轴心抗压试验和立方体劈裂抗拉试验,考察了其受力破坏过程和破坏形态,分析了喷嘴行进速度、喷嘴高度对3D打印混凝土力学性能的影响,得到了3D打印混凝土轴心受压应力-应变曲线,建立了3D打印混凝土各强度之间的关系。结果表明：3D打印混凝土立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度均随喷嘴行进速度的加快、喷嘴高度的升高而降低,且喷嘴高度对强度的不利影响强于喷嘴行进速度;在较优打印参数组合下,打印试块的抗压强度高于浇筑试块,但因打印试块存在层间粘结弱面,其劈裂断面在其层间界面处,致使断面明显平滑,劈裂抗拉强度低于浇筑试块;通过回归分析,建立了3D打印混凝土各强度与打印参数间的函数关系及轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度与立方体抗压强度之间的换算关系。     

太阳能光谱选择性吸收涂层研究进展

采用高速研磨搅拌加水掺法,制备出含不同质量分数的纳米SiO2混杂纤维（NSPF）混凝土,通过力学试验测得立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、变形性能及冲击韧性。通过与钢纤维／聚丙烯二元混杂纤维（SPF）混凝土进行比较,NSPF混凝土的立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、疲劳次数、弹性模量、初裂抗冲击次数和破坏抗冲击次数分别提高10...     

玄武岩-碳纤维/矿渣混凝土力学性能正交试验

应用正交试验法开展了16组玄武岩-碳纤维(BF-CF)/矿渣混凝土和1组C40级基准混凝土的塌落度、立方体抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度试验,研究了BF、CF和矿渣三种因素对BF-CF/矿渣混凝土力学性能的影响。结果表明:BF-CF/矿渣混凝土立方体抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度均高于C40基准混凝土,立方体抗压强度最大提高了21.0%,劈裂抗拉强度最大提高了35.3%。BF和CF的掺入均会减小混凝土的塌落度,BF对于塌落度的减小更加明显,BF对塌落度的最大降幅为67.1%;矿渣代砂率是影响BF-CF/矿渣混凝土立方体抗压强度的显著因素,随着矿渣代砂率的增大,立方体抗压强度先增大后减小,矿渣对立方体抗压强度的最大提高幅度为7.6%;BF是影响BF-CF/矿渣混凝土劈裂抗拉强度的显著因素,劈裂抗拉强度随BF体积率的增加而增大,BF对劈裂抗拉强度的最大增幅为12.0%,CF对劈裂抗拉强度的提升不明显。对正交试验的结果进行回归分析得出BF-CF/矿渣混凝土立方体抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度预测模型,模型精度较高。      

钢纤维增强超高性能混凝土抗压性能的细观数值模拟

利用LS-DYNA软件在细观层次上建立了三维钢纤维增强超高性能混凝土（Steel fiber reinforced ultra-high performance concrete,SF/UHPC）圆柱体试件有限元模型,对其轴心受压下的力学性能和裂缝发展进行了数值模拟。在验证细观数值模型的有效性和合理性的基础上进行参数分析,着重研究了钢纤维体积率、钢纤维长径比、形状效应和尺寸效应对超高性能钢纤维混凝土抗压强度、韧性和破坏形态的影响。最终,根据模拟结果拟合了超高性能钢纤维混凝土抗压强度计算公式。结果表明：三维超高性能钢纤维混凝土细观模型可以较好地模拟单轴受压应力条件下混凝土的静力性能和损伤破坏机制,所拟合的公式也能较好地预测超高性能钢纤维混凝土的抗压强度。     

超高性能混凝土梁正截面受弯承载力理论研究

基于64组超高性能混凝土（ultra high performance concrete, UHPC）抗压性能试验数据,分别建立了峰值压应变ε₀、立方体抗压强度f_cu与轴心抗压强度f_c之间的关系以及弹性模量E_c与立方体抗压强度f_cu的关系;基于复合材料力学,建立了受拉区UHPC等效拉应力;基于平截面假定,建立了UHPC梁正截面受弯承载力计算公式,推导了受压区等效矩形应力图形参数、计算公式,并结合UHPC受压本构确定等效矩形应力图形参数。通过28根试验梁的相关数据,验证UHPC梁正截面受弯承载力计算公式及等效矩形应力图形参数取值的可行性。研究结果表明,等效矩形应力图形参数取值较为合理,梁正截面受弯承载力计算值与试验值吻合良好。     

钢纤维和碳纤维的混合效应对高性能混凝土力学性能的影响

通过在混凝土基体中加入一种纤维和混合纤维,制备了高性能混凝土试件和混合纤维高性能混凝土试件。通过劈裂抗拉强度试验和落锤冲击试验,研究了单掺钢纤维、单掺碳纤维和混合纤维对高性能混凝土试件劈裂抗拉强度和抗冲击性能的影响,分析了混合效应对试件力学性能的增强作用。劈裂抗拉强度试验结果表明,只掺入碳纤维,且碳纤维掺入量为1%时,试样劈裂抗拉强度的提升系数最多增加了50%;只掺入钢纤维时,钢纤维的掺入量越多,试样劈裂抗拉强度的提升系数越小,而且减小了基体高性能混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度;当钢纤维掺量为4.0%、碳纤维掺量为0.5%时,试样的混合效应系数最大为1.35,此时产生正混合效应,提升了高性能混凝土试样的劈裂抗拉强度。抗冲击性能试验结果表明,单掺碳纤维减弱了高性能混凝土试件的抗压强度,单掺钢纤维虽然可以加强试件的抗压强度但试件的延性比提升率不高,而混合纤维比单一纤维有优势,更能够增强高性能混凝土试件的抗冲击性能。因此,钢纤维与碳纤维的混合效应提升了试件的劈裂抗拉强度与抗冲击性能,明显提升了高性能混凝土的力学性能。     

纤维对超高性能混凝土残余强度及高温爆裂性能的影响

采用普通原材料制备56 d龄期抗压强度为140~160 MPa的空白组超高性能混凝土、钢纤维超高性能混凝土及混杂纤维超高性能混凝土,测定其遭受高温作用后的残余抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度,并对100%含湿量的混凝土试块进行高温爆裂试验。此外,测定大小2种加热速率对超高性能混凝土高温爆裂行为的影响。结果表明:所配制混凝土的残余抗压强度均随着目标温度的升高呈现先增大再降低的趋势,800℃高温后的残余抗压强度约为常温强度的30%。钢纤维与混杂纤维混凝土的残余劈裂抗拉强度亦呈现先升高再降低的趋势,800℃高温后的残余劈裂抗拉强度分别为常温强度的15.1%和35.4%。空白组混凝土的残余劈裂抗拉强度随着目标温度的升高而单调下降,800℃高温后的强度值约为常温强度的20.3%。7.5℃/min加热速率下,100%含湿量的3种混凝土试块均发生了严重高温爆裂,单掺钢纤维可以改善超高性能混凝土的高温爆裂,但不能避免爆裂的发生,而混杂纤维对超高性能混凝土高温爆裂的改善效果并未显著优于钢纤维。2.5℃/min加热速率下,混杂纤维可避免部分超高性能混凝土试块发生爆裂。      

纳米SiO_2混杂纤维混凝土力学特性试验研究

采用高速研磨搅拌加水掺法,制备出含不同质量分数的纳米SiO2混杂纤维(NSPF)混凝土,通过力学试验测得立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、变形性能及冲击韧性。通过与钢纤维/聚丙烯二元混杂纤维(SPF)混凝土进行比较,NSPF混凝土的立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、疲劳次数、弹性模量、初裂抗冲击次数和破坏抗冲击次数分别提高10.4%、24.1%、90.0%、3.3%、49.8%和46.1%,泊松比无明显变化。综合分析表明,纳米SiO2在SPF混凝土中的合理掺量处于1.0%~2.0%之间。     

喷射混凝土抗冻性及冻融损伤力学行为实验研究

为系统研究喷射混凝土抗冻性能,采用快冻法,对普通喷射混凝土及钢纤维喷射混凝土进行快速冻融实验,并与同配合比模筑混凝土进行对比,研究模筑混凝土与喷射混凝土抗冻性能差异;而后对冻融循环后试件进行微观结构观察,分析其性能劣化机理。结果表明,随着冻融循环次数增加,试件相对动弹性模量、质量损失率、立方体抗压强度及劈裂抗拉强度呈下降趋势,且模筑混凝土性能衰减程度远大于喷射混凝土。而此时试件内部微气孔相互连通继而发展成为微裂缝,凝胶体在冻胀压力及过冷水渗透压作用下结构酥松且部分流失,进一步加剧试件性能劣化速度;钢纤维的加入可显著改善喷射混凝土内部微观孔结构,提高其抗冻性能。同时,对冻融循环50,100,150及200次后试件进行轴心抗压强度实验,分析冻融损伤对试件应力-应变曲线的影响。随着冻融损伤的加剧,试件弹性模量及峰值应力减小,峰值应变和极限应变增大,应力-应变曲线趋于扁平。经相同冻融循环次数作用时,钢纤维喷射混凝土峰值应变和极限应变增大,说明钢纤维的掺入可显著提高喷射混凝土延性及韧性。     

Flexural toughness characteristics of steel–polypropylene hybrid fibre-reinforced oil palm shell concrete

Hybridization of steel–polypropylene leads to improvements of both the mechanical and ductility characteristics of concrete. In this investigation, the effect of steel, polypropylene (PP) and steel-PP hybrid fibres on the compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural toughness and ductility of oil palm shell fibre reinforced concrete (OPSFRC) was studied. The comparison on the above said properties between the specimens prepared with crushed and uncrushed oil palm shell (OPS) as lightweight coarse aggregate was also carried out. The experimental results showed that the highest compressive strength of about 50 MPa was produced by the mix with 0.9% steel and 0.1% PP hybrid fibres. The highest increments in the splitting tensile and the flexural strengths of the OPSFRC were found up to 83% and 34%, respectively. However, the mixes with 1% PP fibres produced negative effects on both the compressive and tensile strengths. The results on the toughness indices showed that the OPSC possess no post-cracking flexural toughness. Though, the flexural deflection and toughness of the OPSC was significantly enhanced by the addition of fibres; the dominance of the steel fibre on the first crack flexural deflection and toughness of OPSFRC was evident. The mixes with 0.9% steel and 0.1% PP hybrid fibres reported the highest improvement in toughness index and residual strength factor.     

Effect of steel fiber on the mechanical properties of oil palm shell lightweight concrete

This paper reports the results of a study conducted to investigate the effect of low volume content of steel fiber on the slump, density, compressive strength under different curing conditions, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of a grade 35 oil palm shell (OPS) lightweight concrete mixture. The results indicate that an increase in steel fiber decreased the workability and increased the density. All the mechanical properties except the modulus of elasticity (E) improved significantly. The 28 day compressive strength of steel fiber OPS lightweight concrete in continuously moist curing was in the range of 41–45 MPa. The splitting tensile/compressive and the flexural/compressive strength ratio for plain OPS concrete are comparable with artificial lightweight aggregate. The (E) value measured in this study was about 15.5 GPa on average for all mixes, which is higher than previous studies and is in the range of normal weight concrete. Steel fiber can be used as an alternative material to reduce the sensitivity of OPS concrete in poor curing environments.     

Mechanical properties of steel fibre reinforced lightweight concrete with pumice stone or expanded clay aggregates

This paper presents basic information on the mechanical properties of steel fibre-reinforced light-weight concrete, manufactured using pumice stone or expanded clay aggregates. Results are presented for standard compressive tests and indirect tensile tests (splitting tests on cylinder specimens and flexure tests on prismatic beams using a three-point loading arrangement) under monotonically increasing or cyclically varying loads. The influence of steel fibres and aggregate types on modulus of elasticity, compressive and tensile strength and post-peak behaviour is evaluated. Test results show that compressive strength does not change for pumice stone aggregates, while an increase is observed for expanded clay; tensile strength and fracture toughness are significantly improved for both pumice stone and expanded clay. The results also show that with both expanded clay and pumice stone lightweight aggregates a suitable content of fibres allows one to obtain performances comparable with those expected from normal weight concrete, the important advantage of lower structural weight being maintained.     

纳米SiO2对钢纤维/混凝土高温后力学性能及微观结构的影响

研究了掺纳米SiO₂的钢纤维混凝土(NSFC)、 钢纤维混凝土(SFRC)和普通混凝土(NC)三种材料在不同加热温度后的抗压、 劈裂和抗折强度等力学性能, 对不同温度热处理后的微观结构进行了SEM分析, 对钢纤维与过渡区界面的相结构进行了XRD分析。结果表明: 在测试温度范围内, NSFC的抗压、 劈裂和抗折强度均高于SFRC和NC的强度, 且在400 ℃时达到最大值。在常温下, NSFC的抗压、 劈裂和抗折强度较NC分别提高27.01%、 63.28%和54.12%, 400 ℃高温热处理后比NC分别高35.09%、 84.62%和87.23%; SEM分析表明, 在钢纤维与过渡区的界面处, 致密度提高, 显微硬度提高。由于固相反应, 使界面区结构发生变化, 在钢纤维表层形成扩散渗透层(白亮层), 即化合物层, 呈锯齿状, XRD分析证明, 白亮层主要由FeSi₂和复杂的水化硅酸钙组成, 从而增强了钢纤维与基体的粘结力, 提高了混凝土的高温力学性能。     

Some characteristics of high strength fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete

The effect of polypropylene and steel fibers on high strength lightweight aggregate concrete is investigated. Sintered fly ash aggregates were used in the lightweight concrete; the fines were partially replaced by fly ash. The effects on compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, stress–strain relationship and compression toughness are reported. Compared to plain sintered fly ash lightweight aggregate concrete, polypropylene fiber addition at 0.56% by volume of the concrete, caused a 90% increase in the indirect tensile strength and a 20% increase in the modulus of rupture. Polypropylene fiber addition did not significantly affect the other mechanical properties that were investigated. Steel fibers at 1.7% by volume of the concrete caused an increase in the indirect tensile strength by about 118% and an increase in the modulus of rupture by about 80%. Steel fiber reinforcement also caused a small decrease in the modulus of elasticity and changed the shape of the stress–strain relationship to become more curvilinear. A large increase in the compression toughness was recorded. This indicated a significant gain in ductility when steel fiber reinforcement is used.     

纤维增韧轻骨料混凝土单轴受压应力-应变全曲线试验研究

为探究纤维增韧后轻骨料混凝土应力-应变全曲线,完成了不同混凝土强度等级、纤维种类及掺量下的9组棱柱体单轴受压试验,分析了破坏过程和破坏特征,系统研究了各因素对峰值应力、峰值应变和弹性模量的影响,并结合已有研究给出了各曲线特征点计算模型,考虑纤维轻骨料混凝土自身特征,建立了分段式纤维轻骨料混凝土应力-应变全曲线模型。研究表明:轻骨料混凝土破坏特征与普通混凝土显著不同,掺入纤维有效抑制了其内部微裂缝的开展,起到阻裂、增韧的效果,且随混凝土强度等级、纤维种类及掺量变化差异明显;纤维增韧后试件的应力-应变曲线下降段坡度趋于平缓,脆性得到有效改善;建议的应力-应变全曲线模型与试验结果吻合良好,能够准确描述纤维增韧轻骨料混凝土在单轴受压作用下的受力变形特征。     

Shear capacity of steel and polymer fibre reinforced concrete beams

This paper deals with the application of a plasticity model for shear strength estimation of fibre reinforced concrete beams without stirrups. When using plastic theory to shear problems in structural concrete, the so-called effective strengths are introduced, usually determined by calibrating the plastic solutions with tests. This approach is, however, problematic when dealing with fibre reinforced concrete (FRC), as the effective strengths depend also on the type and the amount of fibres. In this paper, it is suggested that the effective tensile strength of FRC can be determined on the basis of the tensile stress-crack opening relationship found from wedge splitting tests. To determine the effective compressive strength of FRC, it is proposed to adopt the formula used for conventional concrete and modify it by introducing a fibre enhancement factor to describe the effect of fibres on the compressive softening behaviour of FRC. The enhancement factor is determined as the ratio of the areas below the stress–strain curves for FRC and for conventional concrete. The outlined approach has been verified by shear testing of beams containing no fibres, 0.5% steel fibre volume and 0.5% polymer fibre volume. The tests results are compared with estimations and show satisfactory agreements, indicating that the proposed approach can be used.