等离子熔覆铁基涂层的组织及冲蚀磨损研究

采用等离子熔覆法制备了铁基涂层.研究了涂层的组织结构,测试了涂层的显微硬度及耐冲蚀磨损性能,并利用扫描电镜对涂层显微组织、冲蚀表面形貌进行了分析.结果表明:涂层显微硬度是基体材料不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti的2倍,最高达到550,涂层冲蚀后质量损失是不锈钢对比试样1Cr18Ni9Ti和0Cr13Ni5Mo的1/2左右.     

活塞环用Mo-(NiCr-Cr_3C_2)复合涂层的优化研究EI北大核心CSCD

采用机械混合方法配制喷涂用粉末Mo-(NiCr-Cr3C2),并利用大气等离子喷涂方法制备活塞环耐磨涂层,对涂层进行力学性能以及摩擦学性能测试。结果表明,Mo的添加有助于减小涂层的孔隙率,涂层显微硬度随Mo含量的增加而降低,添加20%(质量分数)Mo的复合涂层具有较好的摩擦磨损性能。复合涂层的磨损主要表现为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损,NiCr-Cr3C2含量高的涂层存在较多的剥落现象。涂层的耐磨性与涂层的硬度模量比(H/E)有较好的对应关系。     

氮气钻井过程中的耐冲蚀涂层

将多功能四通制造材料30CrMo钢作为基体材料,使用氩弧焊制备钴基合金HS113,625,Co-112堆焊层,采用喷焊方法制备Ni60涂层,使用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)方法制备WC-12Co涂层。对该5种涂层的冲蚀行为使用自制的冲蚀试验机进行了研究,分析了显微组织与显微硬度对冲蚀性能的影响及涂层冲蚀后的表面形貌。结果表明:涂层的冲蚀失重与减薄均随冲蚀时间线性增加,HS113涂层的耐冲蚀性要优于其他4种涂层的耐冲蚀性;显微组织、硬度等均会影响涂层的耐冲蚀性能。     

TiAlSiN-Ti(Mo)N/MoS2复合涂层微观结构及摩擦学性能的研究

采用磁控溅射技术在AISI-304不锈钢上制备了TiAlSiN-Ti(Mo)N/MoS2复合涂层。采用电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度计、球盘摩擦磨损试验机、表面形貌仪等对涂层的表面形貌、显微组织、硬度和摩擦学性能进行了系统的研究。结果表明TiAlSiN-Ti(Mo)N/MoS2复合涂层的硬度为27.56 GPa,相比于TiAlSiN涂层的硬度(29.1 GPa)有所下降,但是涂层的耐磨性能得到明显提高。在室温至600℃条件下TiAlSiN-Ti(Mo)N/MoS2复合涂层的主要磨损机理为黏着磨损,200和400℃时的磨损率分别为0.0339×10^-3和0.1122×10^-3mm^3/(Nm),相较于TiAlSiN涂层分别降低了38%和57%,600℃时的磨损率接近TiAlSiN涂层。总体来说TiAlSiN-Ti(Mo)N/MoS2复合涂层的性能高于单一的TiAlSiN涂层。     

8Cr4Mo4V钢表面减摩耐蚀涂层研究

为了提升8Cr4Mo4V钢表面的减摩耐蚀性能,利用真空磁控溅射镀膜技术,在单晶硅P(111)、8Cr4Mo4V钢表面分别制备了WCx和CrN/WCx2种涂层.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了涂层截面形貌,采用UMT高温摩擦磨损试验机、台阶仪、纳米压痕仪、电化学工作站和盐雾试验机分别研究了8Cr4Mo4V钢和2种涂层的摩擦磨损性能、硬度和弹性模量、电化学腐蚀性能和耐盐雾腐蚀性能.结果 表明:涂层截面结构致密均匀,涂层的增加使8Cr4Mo4V钢的摩擦系数降低至0.20以下,磨损率降低2～3个数量级,纳米硬度提高3倍以上,弹性模量降低24％左右,电化学腐蚀降低1个数量级,耐盐雾性能明显提升,涂层起到了很好的保护基材的作用.     

超音速等离子喷涂WC-10Co4Cr涂层的力学性能及冲蚀磨损失效分析

为改善水轮机表面的抗冲蚀磨损性能,采用超音速等离子喷涂微米WC-10Co4Cr粉末制备碳化物金属陶瓷涂层。对涂层的显微硬度、孔隙率、结合强度、抗冲蚀性能进行了测试,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征和分析了WC-10Co4Cr涂层的物相组成、微观组织结构,并探讨了涂层在含沙水流中的冲蚀磨损失效机制。结果表明:获得的WC-10Co4Cr涂层的孔隙率为0.5%,平均显微硬度达1 226HV0.2,结合强度为70MPa,涂层的抗冲蚀磨损性能是基体的2.46倍,可有效提高基体的抗冲蚀性能,在含沙水流作用下的冲蚀磨损失效以犁削和剥落磨损为主。     

多功能超音速火焰喷涂WC10Co4Cr涂层磨损性能研究

应用自行研制的多功能超音速火焰喷涂设备,在HVOF、HOV/AF、HVAF不同工况下成功制备WC10Co4Cr涂层,并测试了涂层性能.分析表明,HVAF工况下,碳化物几乎没有分解,涂层的显微硬度明显较高;二种工况中,涂层的磨粒磨损机制主要为碳化物颗粒的剥落,冲蚀磨损的失效行为主要表现为脆性材料的冲蚀磨损机制.相比之下,随着燃气温度的降低,涂层的耐磨粒磨损性能增强,涂层的抗冲蚀磨损性能与燃气流量和温度有关.     

电磁轨道失效与表面喷涂Mo技术研究

为提高电磁轨道材料性能,采用等离子喷涂技术在45CrNiMoVA钢表面制备了Mo涂层,观察了涂层显微形貌,测试了显微硬度和载流摩擦磨损性能,并与基体进行了比较。结果表明:Mo涂层显微硬度平均值为482.3HV1 N,比基体45CrNiMoVA钢硬度提高1倍。涂层与基体结合强度为41.5 MPa,结合方式为机械结合;同等载流摩擦磨损试验条件下,与基体45CrNiMoVA钢相比,Mo涂层磨合时间较短,摩擦系数更小(0.6),耐电弧烧蚀能力强,磨损量小;涂层磨损机理为断续式黏着磨损。     

氩弧熔覆含Al_2O_3-TiB_2增强颗粒的自熔性镍基合金复合层的冲蚀磨损性能

为了提高Al2O3-Ti B2复相陶瓷涂层的冲蚀磨损性能并降低熔覆成本,以Ni60A自熔性合金粉末、Al2O3粉末以及Al-Ti O2-B2O3体系为原料,在Q235钢表面氩弧熔覆原位合成了Al2O3-Ti B2增强颗粒复合层。采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度仪及冲蚀磨损试验对熔覆层的显微组织、物相结构、显微硬度和耐冲蚀磨损性能进行分析。结果表明:熔覆层与基体之间的结合方式为冶金结合,界面无气孔、裂纹;熔覆层中有Al2O3,Ti B2,Fe2B和Fe19Ni3相生成;熔覆层的显微硬度最高可达771.9 HV,较基体提高了3.82倍;熔覆层的冲蚀磨损性能相对基体提高了2.49~4.70倍。     

1Cr12Ni2W1Mo1V不锈钢表面等离子堆焊司太立熔覆层的组织及性能

为提高1Cr12Ni2W1Mo1V不锈钢的耐水蚀性能,采用等离子堆焊方法在其表面制备司太立熔覆层。研究了涂层的显微组织和显微硬度分布,分析了涂层的抗微粒冲蚀性能和耐水蚀性能。结果表明:司太立熔覆层与基体材料冶金结合良好,熔覆层组织细小、分布均匀,基体为枝晶状Co-Cr固溶体,枝晶间较均匀地分布着黑色碳化物,主要为M7C3和少量WC颗粒;司太立熔覆层的平均显微硬度(382.38 HV4.9 N)约为基材平均硬度(195.29HV4.9 N)的1.96倍,最高硬度值达到了421.00 HV4.9 N;堆焊第2层的硬度明显高于第1层的;司太立熔覆层合金的抗微粒冲蚀性能优于基材,其水蚀速度比基材小,在基材1Cr12Ni2W1Mo1V上堆焊司太立合金能有效提高其耐水蚀性能。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.