溶聚丁苯橡胶在绿色轮胎胎面体系中的应用

进行了不同种类溶聚丁苯橡胶在绿色轮胎胎面体系中的应用研究。从试验结果看,溶聚丁苯胶中苯乙烯含量、乙烯基含量的变化,以及所充油品种类的变化,对胶料的基本物理性能及动态性能有一定影响。依据苯乙烯含量及乙烯基含量比较,使用苯乙烯含量高、乙烯基含量低的溶聚丁苯胶的胎面混炼胶tanδ(0℃)低,tanδ(60℃)低,即抗湿滑性差,滚动阻力好;充环保芳烃油(TDAE)的溶聚丁苯胶与充环烷油(NAP-10)的溶聚丁苯胶相比较,充环保芳烃油(TDAE)的溶聚丁苯胶使用后,混炼胶tanδ(0℃)高,tanδ(60℃)低,即抗湿滑性及滚动阻力好。     

端基改性溶聚丁苯橡胶在高性能轮胎胎面中的应用

研究不同种类端基改性溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)在高性能轮胎胎面中的应用。结果表明:SSBR中结合苯乙烯和乙烯基含量以及端基改性方法的变化,对胶料的流变性能、物理性能和动态力学性能有一定影响。随着SSBR中结合苯乙烯和乙烯基含量的增大,胶料0和60℃下的损耗因子均增大,胎面胶的机湿滑性能提高,滚动阻力增大。     

充油溶聚丁苯橡胶的结构与性能

研究充油溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)的微观结构与物理性能和动态粘弹性能的关系。结果表明:苯乙烯质量分数、乙烯基质量分数和反式1,4-结构丁二烯摩尔分数高,胶料的拉伸强度大,回弹性差;在动态粘弹性能方面,高乙烯基SSBR的损耗因子(tanδ)峰高且窄,峰温也较高,0℃下的tanδ明显高于低乙烯基SSBR,说明其具有较好的抗湿滑性能,但60℃下的tanδ明显高于低乙烯基SSBR,说明其滚动阻力大;乙烯基质量分数对SSBR的Payne效应影响不大,苯乙烯质量分数和充油量对Payne效应有一定影响,其中端基硅偶联的高乙烯基SSBR72606的Payne效应较弱,苯乙烯质量分数最小的低乙烯基SSBRT1534的Payne效应最弱。     

两种溶聚丁苯橡胶在轮胎胎面胶中的应用

研究低结合苯乙烯和高乙烯基含量溶聚丁苯橡胶（SSBR） E680与高结合苯乙烯和低乙烯基含量SSBR HP755R在轮胎胎面胶中的应用。结果表明，与SSBR HP755R胶料相比，SSBR E680胶料的焦烧时间和t90缩短；SSBR E680硫化胶的300%定伸应力和拉伸强度略大；两种胶料挤出工艺性能无明显区别；SSBR E680胶料在0 ℃时的损耗因子（tanδ）略大，在60 ℃时的tanδ略小，表明SSBR E680胶料的抗湿滑性能较好、生热和滚动阻力较低。     

白炭黑/丁苯吡橡胶/顺丁橡胶复合材料的性能研究

对比研究白炭黑填充溶聚丁苯橡胶/顺丁橡胶(BR)、乳聚丁苯橡胶/BR和丁苯吡橡胶(VPSBR)/BR复合材料的性能。结果表明:白炭黑在VPSBR/BR并用胶中的分散较好,相应胶料定伸应力较高,0℃下的tanδ较大,耐磨性能较好;提高VPSBR/BR并用胶中BR用量可降低胶料60℃下的tanδ,且耐磨性能变化不大。     

白炭黑填充溶聚丁苯橡胶并用胶复合材料的性能对比研究

对比研究白炭黑填充溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)以及SSBR并用顺丁橡胶(BR)、异戊橡胶和反式1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI)所制备复合材料的性能。结果表明:经偶联剂Si69改性的白炭黑填充的SSBR/BR并用胶在低温下的损耗因子(tanδ)最大,在60℃下的tanδ值最小,耐磨性能最好,抗切割性能最差;白炭黑填充的SSBR/TPI并用胶在60℃下的tanδ值最大。     

溶聚丁苯橡胶2557A的结构与性能研究

研究溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)2557A的结构和性能,探讨其对轮胎胎面胶抗湿滑性能和滚动阻力的影响,并与乳聚丁苯橡胶(ESBR)1712E进行对比。结果表明:与ESBR1712E相比,SSBR2557A的乙烯基含量高,数均和重均相对分子质量大,相对分子质量分布指数小;混炼胶的焦烧时间长,硫化速度稍慢;硫化胶的邵尔A型硬度和定伸应力稍高,拉断伸长率减小,压缩生热和压缩永久变形较低,其他物理性能差别不大,不同应变下的剪切弹性模量、剪切损耗模量和损耗因子(tanδ)均较小,0℃下的tanδ值较大,60℃下的tanδ值较小。采用SSBR2557A的胎面胶在抗湿滑性能和滚动阻力方面可达到较好的平衡。     

NBR在白炭黑表面吸附对SSBR胶料性能的影响

以高乙烯基溶聚丁苯橡胶（SSBR2557A）为研究对象,研究了不同丙烯腈含量的2种丁腈橡胶（NBR1846和NBR3305）对白炭黑填充的SSBR2557A胶料加工性能、力学性能和动态性能的影响。结果表明,加入NBR,缩短了混炼胶的硫化时间,提高了硫化速度。加入NBR除对硫化胶的压缩生热和永久变形造成不利影响外,对其他力学性能都有不同程度的改善,尤其是耐磨耗性能改善显著。动态力学性能（DMA）测试表明,加入NBR,使硫化胶在0℃时的tanδ值升高,60℃时的tanδ值降低,NBR3305的影响尤为显著。     

胎面用溶聚丁苯橡胶改性技术的研究进展

介绍胎面用溶聚丁苯橡胶（SSBR）改性技术的研究进展。SSBR改性技术包括化学组成及结构调整、分子链末端改性和共聚组成改性。较高相对分子质量和乙烯基含量、低苯乙烯含量的SSBR具有较好的综合性能;全偶联星形SSBR的综合性能优于线形SSBR;分子链末端由大体积官能团封端改性的线形SSBR能有效降低胶料的滚动阻力,并提高抗湿滑性能;苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯橡胶（集成橡胶,SIBR）弥补了单一胶种性能的局限和不足,全方位满足轮胎胎面胶的使用要求。     

用于高性能轮胎的微观不相容聚合物并用胶

本文研究了由乳聚丁苯橡胶(苯乙烯含量为23.5％)作为母体聚合物,掺加溶聚异戊二烯橡胶(3,4-结构含量分别为40％,60％和75％),溶聚笨乙烯异戊二烯椽胶苯乙烯含量为23.5％和35％),以及具有不同苯乙烯含量和分子量的乳聚丁苯橡胶的并用胶料。从tan δ作为温度函数的测试,透射电子显微镜(TEM)、干、湿路面的抗滑性、皮克磨耗试验以及轮胎试验中发现,微观不相容并用胶(双峰宽tanδ)的性能优于具有相容性的并用胶,特别是在较宽温度范围内,它改善了干路面的抗滑性能,并能获得更好的湿路面抗滑性能与皮克耐磨耗性能之间的平衡。我们发现,并用胶的最佳组成是乳聚丁苯橡胶与3,4-结构为60％的聚异戊二烯橡胶之比为80/20。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。