碳氮化钒在奥氏体中析出的动力学模型

 采用应力松弛方法研究了钒氮微合金钢中V(C,N)在奥氏体区的等温析出行为,证实了动力学计算模型的模拟结果。结果表明,试验钢的析出 温度 时间(PTT)曲线呈典型的“C”形,本试验条件下析出开始时间最短的“鼻子”温度为850 ℃左右,与模型计算得到的820 ℃相差很小。钢中氮含量对PTT曲线形状有较大影响,随着氮含量的增加C曲线向左移动,这与模型计算结果非常吻合。     

Ti-MO低碳超高强钢中相间析出强化

在不同温度下对Ti-Mo低碳钢进行等温转变,对热轧板进行力学性能检测,利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、选区电子衍射等方法进行组织观察,同时分析了相间析出粒子的形貌、尺寸和分布规律.结果显示,随着等温温度降低,钢的强度提高,延展性降低,屈强比增大.在透射试样中观察到两种不同形态分布的相间析出碳化物:平面型相间析出和曲面型相间析出.相间析出碳化物的平均直径为4.30nm,平均纵横比为1.375.在650℃等温保温1 h时,相间析出强化对铁素体相强度的增量在400MPa以上.      

组织和组织稳定性对高钼奥氏体不锈钢性能的影响

本文研究了五种高Mo奥氏体Cr-Ni钢固溶处理后的组织与耐蚀性、等温回火后的析出行为及其组织对耐蚀性的影响,其结果如下:①在固溶处理状态,腐蚀性能主要取决于基体的化学成分,特别是Mo含量;②在等温回火处理过程中,中间金属相和碳化物开始析出时间和析出量受C和Mo含量的影响,Mo和C含量愈高,开始析出时间愈早。氮的加入抑制了中间相的析出,③钢在敏化状态,由于晶界上的析出,耐蚀性急剧降低。蚀点首先在晶界形成,然后沿晶界发展,最后导致晶粒脱落。     

含铜高磁感取向硅钢中AIN和MnS析出行为的研究

本文研究了含铜高磁感取向硅钢中 AIN 和 MnS 的等温析出、热轧析出及在常化过程中的行为。用硫和氮在奥氏体和铁素体中溶解度的差异和扩散速率,可以满意地解释本试验钢 AIN、MnS 的等温析出规律。常化过程试验证实了常化加热和均热阶段对析出细小弥散 AIN 的重要性。     

高强韧铝合金非等温时效工艺的研究进展

非等温时效工艺作为一种新兴的时效处理方法,能够有效地提高高强韧铝合金的综合性能。通过简要归纳近些年来应用于高强韧铝合金的非等温时效工艺,总结出经不同非等温时效处理后高强韧铝合金析出相的特征、合金力学性能和腐蚀性能的变化情况。非等温时效工艺的效率相较于传统时效工艺有很大提高,并且能够同时调控高强韧铝合金内基体析出相和晶界析出相的种类、尺寸和分布情况,使高强韧铝合金兼具与T6峰值时效态相差不多的力学性能和近T7x过时效态的腐蚀性能。最后,对未来高强韧铝合金非等温时效工艺的研究和应用进行了展望。      

等温时效对节约型双相不锈钢2101析出行为的影响

研究了700~850℃等温时效对节约型双相不锈钢LDX 2101析出行为的影响。研究结果表明经等温时效处理,颗粒状析出物主要在奥氏体和铁素体相界处形核长大,从而恶化材料的冲击韧性。700℃是影响该材料冲击韧性最敏感脆化温度。在700℃等温时效处理120 min后,冲击韧性值降低到33 J,仅为固溶处理后冲击韧性值的31%。经过TEM观察分析,颗粒状析出物主要是Cr2N型氮化物以及少量Cr23C6型碳化物。     

18Mn-18Cr-0.5N 钢氮化物等温析出动力学研究

用金相法并结合Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）分析研究了１８Ｍｎ－１８Ｃｒ－０．５Ｎ钢在８００￣９５０℃范围内氮化物由奥氏体中等温析出的过程，获得了相应的氮化物等温析出动力学曲线。结果表明，对于１８Ｍｎ－１８Ｃｒ－０．５Ｎ钢，在９５０℃以上无氮化物析出，Ｃｒ２Ｎ等温析出的鼻尖温度约为８６０℃，其不析出的临界冷却速度约为０．７５℃／ｓ，Ｃｒ２Ｎ析出量（ｘｖ／％）与奥氏体点阵常数（ａγ／ｎｍ）的关系为ｘｖ＝－９２     

超低碳钢等温时效过程中析出物的电镜观察

采用扫描电子显微镜研究了超低碳钢在650 ℃经100 s、1000s、100 h、300 h等温时效过程的组织变化及铜的析出颗粒,探讨了时效时间与铜原子扩散对富铜析出颗粒的影响.研究结果表明,等温时效后的组织为多边形铁素体晶粒,富铜析出颗粒优先在铁素体晶界处析出,随着时效时间的延长,在铁素体晶粒内部也出现了富铜析出颗粒.计算表明在晶粒内部的铜原子完全可以借助位错和晶界的高扩散率通道,逐渐富集、长大并粗化.     

热变形对钒、氮合金钢77B性能的影响

 对未微合金化高碳钢77B和V、N微合金化高碳钢钢77B进行了620℃盐浴等温和920℃热变形后再进行620℃等温处理。结果表明：盐浴等温后微合金化钢比未微合金化钢77B强度显著增加,韧性略有下降, V（CN）的沉淀析出提高了组织的强度,但对珠光体团几乎无细化作用;经热变形等温处理后,两种试验钢的强度和韧性与盐浴等温相比,均得到了有效提高,加V、N的77B钢珠光体团发生了显著的细化,计算表明这与大量V(CN)形变诱导析出抑制奥氏体再结晶有关。     

低碳钢中纳米尺寸碳化物的相间析出行为

采用扫描电镜和透射电子显微镜对低碳Ti-Mo系的热轧板进行了组织分析,同时对其中的纳米粒子析出行为进行了研究.强化机理分析表明析出强化对于屈服强度的贡献值可达291 MPa.随着卷取温度的降低,纳米粒子相间析出的排间距会减小,相间析出的排间距与其在铁素体中形核点位置有一定的离散值,但基本上呈一定的固定值.α/γ界面的观察和采用不同理论的计算结果表明相间析出的产生主要与α/γ界面的台阶形成有关,相间析出的排间距大小由台阶高度、晶界扩散系数、等温温度、台阶面迁移速率等决定.      

MnS Precipitation Behavior in Re‐Sulfurized Steels with Intermediate Levels of Sulfur

This paper presents results on the quantification of MnS precipitation during solidification of steels with intermediate levels of sulfur (0.05%) using a Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope (CSLM) equipped with a gold image furnace. The precipitation of MnS was observed in the liquid pools remaining in between advancing dendrites at the end of solidification. It was observed that MnS precipitated during cooling on existing mixed‐oxide particles of AI, Si and Ca. The rate of precipitation was seen to accelerate at two distinct points, once when the steel was molten and once during solidification.     

Effect of Thermomechanical Fatigue on Precipitation Microstructure in Two Precipitation-Hardened Cast Aluminum Alloys

Thermal loading induces modifications of the precipitation microstructure of Al–Si–Cu–Mg alloys. This study focuses on the effect of deformation on precipitation microstructure during thermomechanical loadings. Several specimens were thermomechanically cycled while others were exposed to the same thermal cycles without any mechanical loading. The nature and morphological characteristics of the precipitation microstructure of the thermomechanically cycled specimens are compared to those of the thermally aged ones, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in order to assess the effect of deformation on the precipitation microstructure and especially on the kinetics of precipitate growth. The absence of any significant effect of superimposed straining during thermal cycling is discussed. Implications for the prevision of yield strength degradation during service operation are briefly presented.

     

Precipitation of nanoscale carbides in Ti- Mo microalloyed steel during tempering process

The distribution, morphology and size of the carbide precipitates in as- rolled and as- tempered Ti- Mo microalloyed steels were elucidated by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The change in nanoscale precipitate during tempering and its effect on strength of test steel were analyzed by tensile test. The results revealed that substantial improvement in yield strength occurred on tempering at 600?? for 2 h because of the supersaturated precipitation and homogeneous distribution of profuse (Ti, Mo)C carbide in the matrix in average size from 5-6nm except interphase precipitation, and the precipitation volume fraction of the sample tempered at 600?? exhibited an approximate 3%-5% increase compared to the samples tempered at 650 and 700??. With increase in tempering temperature and holding time, the interphase- precipitated carbides were observed to have slightly coarsened to a maximum size of less than 8nm, but did not coarsen as much as the supersaturated carbides formed during tempering. The interphase precipitation exhibits more excellent behavior of thermal stability than supersaturated precipitation during tempering process.     

烧结法氧化铝生产过程中镓的行为研究

产品氧化铝中的镓含量与原矿中的镓含量、生产方法及分解过程中的作业条件有关。本文对烧结法氧化铝生产过程中镓的分布进行了普查测定,并着重对熟料溶出过程、碳分分解过程中镓的行为进行了研究。     

快速沉淀晶型碳酸钕新工艺的研究

依据碳酸氢铵沉淀氯化钕时pH值的变化，提出了沉淀、结晶化反应方程式。研究了加料速度、加料比、陈化时间对碳酸钕结晶过程的影响，确定了快速沉淀晶型碳酸钕的工艺条件。     

Hot and warm forming of 2618 aluminium alloy

The hot and warm formability of 2618 aluminium alloy, in the as-solutioned condition, was investigated in extended ranges of temperature and strain rate by means of torsion testing. Precipitation was found to occur during deformation. The effect of the precipitation of second phase particles, occurring during deformation, on the flow curve shape and on the stress level was evaluated. At the lowest temperatures, precipitation, during deformation, resulted in a continuous increase of flow stress; by contrast, when testing temperature exceeded 250 °C, precipitation and subsequent coarsening of precipitates, during deformation, resulted in a peak of flow curves, followed by softening. The constitutive equations of the material were calculated and the ductility of the alloy was evaluated as strain to fracture values in all the tested condition.     

湿法炼锌过程中铟铁的分离

以锌焙砂的热酸浸出液为原料,采用先还原高价铁后中和沉铟的方法,对湿法炼锌过程中铟铁分离进行研究。结果表明,还原过程中温度对Fe3+的还原率影响最大,在95℃还原3 h、锌精矿过量1.2倍情况下,溶液中Fe3+的还原率在95%左右;中和沉铟过程中终点pH对铟沉淀影响较大,控制终点pH在4.0左右,中和时间1.0 h,温度在80℃时,铟的沉淀率在99%以上。     

HRB500E抗震钢筋中钛化物析出热力学分析

 钢液凝固过程中钛化物在液相、固相的存在形态对固相组织的性能有着重要的影响,其第二相析出起到细化晶粒的作用。为分析HRB500E抗震钢筋钢中TiN、TiC、Ti(C,N)析出物的析出规律,对TiN、TiC、Ti(C,N)析出物进行热力学计算。结果表明,TiN、TiC在钢液成分均质状态下难以析出,TiC_0.19N_0.81在温度为1 843 K时析出;在凝固过程中,由于Ti、N在凝固前沿富集,TiN在凝固过程中具备析出的热力学条件,析出温度为1 745 K;在固相奥氏体中,TiN和TiC粒子具备析出热力学条件,TiC析出温度比TiN的低,铁素体中有TiC的析出。     

20CrMnTi齿轮钢中TiN夹杂物的特征与分布

为了研究含钛齿轮钢中TiN夹杂物的析出与控制,利用扫描电镜对20CrMnTi齿轮钢两个端淬试样中TiN夹杂的分布与形貌进行了观察,通过夹杂物自动分析系统统计了试样中TiN夹杂的尺寸、数量,建立了数学模型,对试样中TiN夹杂的析出与长大进行了计算。结果表明,较高钛含量的试样凝固过程中TiN析出更早,析出量也更大,由于析出了更多数量的TiN夹杂,从而使得析出TiN夹杂的最终尺寸更小,当TiN夹杂的数量密度由37.28增加为58.65个/mm2时,TiN平均尺寸由2.33减小为1.49 μm。通过在凝固过程中为TiN夹杂提供充足数量的氧化物颗粒作为析出核心,提高异质形核率,从而增大TiN的析出数量,就可以降低析出TiN的整体尺寸,这为含钛齿轮钢中TiN夹杂物的控制提供了一种新的思路。     

微合金钢连铸坯表面裂纹敏感性预测模型

为了从凝固及相变特性角度解决微合金钢连铸坯表面裂纹问题,建立了与合金化相关联的初始凝固包晶反应度模型、奥氏体晶粒长大模型、铁素体转变量模型以及碳氮化物的析出模型。结合铸坯实际冷却条件，进一步建立了包晶反应度预测、初生奥氏体晶粒长大、铁素体转变、析出相析出等对铸坯表面裂纹敏感性的预测模型。针对某J55钢连铸板坯，奥氏体晶粒尺寸超过1 mm、铁素体析出量为10%、二次相析出量增加时，横裂纹敏感性最大。表面裂纹敏感性预测模型有助于实现基于成分微调和组织调控的微合金钢连铸、热装等生产过程表面裂纹控制技术。