单体组成对水凝胶接触镜材料结构的影响

以甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)、N乙烯吡咯烷酮(NVP)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、甲基丙烯酸乙酯(EMA)或者甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)为原料,采用本体共聚法制备水凝胶角膜接触镜材料。采用环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)研究各单体对水凝胶结构的影响,结果表明,在溶胀状态下,HEMA的均聚物水凝胶结构均匀,而HEMA与NVP共聚物水凝胶在微米层次上出现含水量不均;在脱水状态下,HEMA的均聚物以及HEMA与NVP共聚物表现出均匀的结构,HEMA与AM共聚物呈纤维状,而HEMA、NVP与MMA、EMA或者BMA共聚物均出现微米级塌缩。     

NVP/HEMA/RMA共聚水凝胶溶胀性能研究

采用本体聚合法,制备了N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)/甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)、NVP/HEMA/EMA(甲基丙烯酸乙酯)和NVP/HEMA/BMA(甲基丙烯酸丁酯)3种不同的共聚水凝胶材料,并用重量法和TG法研究了这3种不同组成水凝胶的溶胀性能.研究结果表明:加入疏水性单体甲基丙烯酸酯类,共聚水凝胶溶胀性能下降,由于EMA与HEMA结构相似,相容性好,其对溶胀性能的影响比BMA的影响小.     

NVP-HEMA角膜接触镜材料的透氧性能

以过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂，N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)和甲基丙烯酸β-羟乙酯(HEMA)在一定温度下共聚得水凝胶，可作为软性角膜接触镜材料．实验发现，随NVP含量的增大，水凝胶的含水量越大，透氧性增大，水凝胶材料的透氧率(Dk／L)的倒数与其厚度成正比．并自行设计了一套角膜接触镜材料透氧性能的测试装置、     

HEMA共聚物水凝胶中水的存在状态

用过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)作为引发剂，合成了N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)／甲基丙烯酸β-羟乙酯(HEMA)和NVP/HEMA／甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)共聚物水凝胶，用差热扫描量热法(DSC)和热重法(TG)对这些亲水凝胶中吸附水的状态进行了研究．结果表明，水凝胶中水的状态大致可分为自由水、可冻结的结合水和非冻结的结合水．不同用量的MMA与NVP和HEMA共聚，溶胀度不同，其吸附水中不同状态水的含量也有所差异，结果表明，随着MMA含量的增加，水凝胶中非冻结结合水的含量也增加。     

共聚物水凝胶接触镜材料的研究

以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)、甲基丙烯酸β-羟乙酯(HEMA)以及甲基丙烯酸酯共聚,制备水凝胶接触镜材料,并研究了该水凝胶的溶胀性能。实验发现,不添加交联剂的情况下,共聚产物即可形成具有交联结构的水凝胶;随NVP含量的增大,水凝胶的平衡溶胀度也增大;少量甲基丙烯酸酯的加入,可较小幅度地降低共聚物水凝胶的平衡溶胀度;TG分析表明,NVP与HEMA二元共聚物水凝胶中的自由水容易脱水,而添加甲基丙烯酸酯可增强水凝胶的抗脱水性能,以甲基丙烯酸乙酯较为明显。     

HEMA-NVP共聚物表面性能研究

室温下,以质量分数为0.2%的2-羟基-甲基苯基丙烷-1-酮(1173)为引发剂,0.5%的二乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,在紫外光照下合成了甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯(HEMA)-N-乙烯吡咯烷酮(NVP)二元共聚物水凝胶.探讨了共聚物表面的润湿性、脱水性及对牛血清蛋白(BSA)的吸附性.试验表明,材料薄膜表面接触角随着NVP含量增大及接触时间的延长而减小;BSA通过物理作用吸附于水凝胶薄膜表面,BSA吸附量随时间延长及吸附液初始浓度升高而增大;随着共聚物中NVP含量的增大,BSA吸附量增大,而释放量减小;脱水试验表明水凝胶薄膜的脱水速率随NVP及交联剂含量的增大而减小.     

含磷脂胆碱新型水凝胶的制备及性能初探

用具有高亲水性和优良生物相容性的磷脂胆碱化合物改性HEMA/NVP,制备新型角膜接触镜水凝胶,并初步探讨其对水凝胶性能的影响.在光引发剂IRGACURE2959作用下,以HEMA和NVP为主要单体,加入一定量的2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基-2'-三甲胺乙基磷酸酯·内盐(MPC),紫外光引发自由基聚合制备PHEMA/NVP-MPC水凝胶.得到的水凝胶在红外光谱(FTIR)中呈现了磷酰胆碱结构特征吸收峰.当MPC含量由0增加至5%时,平衡含水率由48.32%提高到53.66%,透光率由36.55%提高到98%以上,抗张强度在0.76～0.35MPa之间.采用磷脂胆碱改性HEMA/NVP制得新型水凝胶,平衡含水率和透光率得到显著改善,可能成为角膜接触镜材料的新选择.     

N-乙烯吡咯烷酮/甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯/甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物水凝胶中吸附水的状态

用过氧化二苯甲酰作为引发剂,合成了几种N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)/甲基丙烯酸β-羟乙酯(HEMA)/甲基丙烯酸酯(RMA)共聚物水凝胶,用差热扫描量热法(DSC)和热重法(TG)对这些亲水凝胶中吸附水的状态进行了研究和比较.结果表明,水凝胶中水的状态大致可分为自由水、可冻结的结合水和非冻结的结合水.不同的RMA与NVP和HEMA共聚,溶胀度不同,其吸附水中不同状态水的含量也有所差异.     

共聚物水凝胶角膜接触镜材料的离子渗透性研究

以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,N-乙烯吡咯烷酮(NVP)单体、甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯(HEMA)单体、γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)单体及交联剂N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(Bis)在一定温度下共聚制得软性角膜接触镜材料--水凝胶,并采用池膜测量法研究了钠离子在角膜接触镜材料中的渗透性能.实验发现,随NVP含量的增大,水凝胶的含水量增大,钠离子渗透性能增强;KH570含量小于15%时,钠离子渗透性能随KH570含量的增加而增强,而含量在15%～25%时钠离子渗透性能则降低;交联剂含量增大会降低钠离子的渗透性能,含量以不超过0.7%为宜.     

共聚物水凝胶温度及pH敏感行为的研究

用自由基聚合法合成了NVP／HEMA和NVP／HEMA／AAm共聚物水凝胶材料,研究了温度、pH值、离子强度等因素对凝胶溶胀性能的影响。结果表明水凝胶的溶胀度随着温度的升高而减少;水凝胶在酸性溶液中溶胀,在碱性溶液中收缩,显现出良好的pH值敏感性;水凝胶的溶胀度随着离子强度的增加而减少。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.