生物质气化的应用与研究

生物质能是一种重要的可再生能源,利用生物质气化技术能实现CO2的减排,节约常规能源,符合可持续发展的要求.文章介绍了自1664年Thomas shirly进行气化试验以来,历经几百年的发展,生物质气化工艺和相关气化装置已经取得了巨大的进步;阐述了近几十年来我国在生物质气化领域的发展历程和取得的研究成果;对生物质的气化机理、气化装置结构,生物质气化技术的推广与应用、开发前景与经济效益进行了探讨.     

生物质气化制氢中的流化床工艺选择

可再生的生物质及其他含碳燃料气化后能够产生富氢气体。通过回顾生物质气化技术,从现有的10种气化工艺中筛选出3种可用于生物质制氢的气化工艺:FERCO Silvagas、MTCI和FICFB工艺,并加以详细介绍。同时分析了将流化床应用在生物质气化制氢工艺中的优点及需要进一步开展的研发工作。     

生物质转化为高品位液体燃料的研究进展

在分析国内外发展现状的基础上,总结了国内外相关的工艺类型和反应装置,提出了通过生物质气化合成甲醇、二甲醚和生物质热解液化制油这两条工艺途径制取液体燃料时存在的问题,及可能的解决方案,对发展生物质转化为液体燃料技术有指导意义。     

SLQ-300型空气鼓风常压流化床生物质气化系统

１前言生物质气化技术的应用，消化了大量剩余秸秆，既减少了环境污染，又满足了人民群众日益提高的生活需求。近几年来，国内已有较多单位从事固定床生物质气化器的研究开发，固定床气化系统也已经在部分地区的农村炊事集中供气中得到了应用，而流化床生物质气化器的研制与开发仍属初期。根据我国近期的技术经济可行性及市场需求分析，我们认为研究和开发流化床生物质气化技术是十分必要的。２工作原理ＳＬＱ－３００型空气鼓风常压流化床生物质气化系统由供料装置、气化器、净化系统和电器控制装置组成。其工艺流程图如图１所示。该系统是…     

生物质流化床气化技术应用研究现状

按所得产品不同,可将生物质气化技术分为制氢、发电和合成液体燃料3大类。文章介绍了生物质流化床水蒸气气化制氢、催化气化制氢和超临界水气化制氢的工艺特点;分析了生物质流化床气化发电的技术、经济可行性;简述了生物质流化床气化合成液体燃料的研究现状;指出气化产出气化学当量比调变、焦油去除问题和合成气净化是生物质流化床气化技术应用的主要瓶颈,认为定向气化是今后研究的主要方向。     

生物质气化合成甲醇二甲醚技术现状及展望

综述了国内外生物质气化合成甲醇技术的研发现状,介绍了国外几种生物质气化合成甲醇工艺,包括美国的Hynol工艺和NREL项目,瑞典的Bal-Fuels项目、BioMeet项目和造纸黑液气化制汽车燃料技术,以及日本三菱重工的MHI项目。讨论了生物质气化合成甲醇技术与我国联醇工艺的结合,对我国开发生物质制甲醇技术提出了建议。     

生物质整体气化联合循环发电系统的发展现状

文章介绍了生物质整体气化联合循环发电系统（RIGCC）搜其关键技术和设备，阐述了目前出现的大型生物质整体气化联合循环发电系统示范工程的工艺过程和运行经验，对我国发展BIGCC技术的可行性进行了分析，并提出目前需要解决的关键技术问题。     

生物质气化发电技术讲座(7)大中型生物质气化发电系统应用实例分析

1 中型生物质气化发电系统。中型生物质气化发电系统一般采用流化床气化工艺，发电规模为400～3000kW。中型生物质气化发电系统在发达国家应用较早，所以技术较成熟，但由于设备造价很高，发电成本居高不下，所以，在发达国家应用极少。近年来，我国开发出了循环流化床气化发电系统，由于该系统有较好的经济性，所以在我国推广很快，已经成为国际上应用最多的中型生物质气化发电系统。     

复合式低焦油固定床生物质气化装置研究

综合分析上吸式固定床及下吸式固定床生物质气化装置各自特点,提出复合式低焦油固定床生物质气化装置,建立生物质原料处理量为600 kg/h的中试规模试验装置并开展研究。研究结果表明:复合式低焦油固定床生物质气化装置具有结构简单、气化效率高、热效率高、碳转化率高、原料适用性广等优点,极大程度提高了燃气清洁程度,对于生物质气化、发电、供热、化石燃料替代等领域的工业化应用起到了极大的推动作用。     

生物质能应用技术现状及发展趋势

综述了国内外生物质能应用技术现状，包括生物质捆包直燃供热技术、生物质成型燃料供热技术、生物质直燃发电技术、生物质气化多联产技术、生物质气化产碳耦合供热技术、生物质气化耦合大型燃煤锅炉技术，以及生物质气化制氢、NH₃及甲醇技术，为生物质能进一步利用提供方向。     

生物质气化原理及设备浅析

生物质作为一种可再生的洁净能源,其气化技术得到大力发展。本文对生物质气化的基本原理及气化工艺类型进行了简要介绍,同时阐述了主要气化炉类型的工作原理及优缺点,如固定床原料适应性广,但难以大型化,流化床气化效率高但结构复杂;并对气化炉的特性进行浅析,对生物质气化工程的设计及运行具有指导意义。     

生物质气化影响因素分析

阐述了生物质定义、特点及生物质气化原理，综述了生物质在流化床气化中，气化剂、原料粒径、温度、压力、原料前处理等操作条件对生物质气化产品组成的影响，讨论了煤与生物质共气化的协同作用，指出了生物质流化床气化的技术关键。     

Gasification of lignocellulosic biomass in fluidized beds for renewable energy development: A review

A literature review on gasification of lignocellulosic biomass in various types of fluidized bed gasifiers is presented. The effect of several process parameters such as catalytic bed material, bed temperature and gasifying agent on the performance of the gasifier and quality of the producer gas is discussed. Based on the priorities of researchers, the optimum values of various desired outputs in the gasification process including improved producer gas composition, enhanced LHV, less tar and char content, high gas yield and enhanced carbon conversion and cold gas efficiency have been reported. The characteristics and performance of different fluidized bed gasifiers were assessed and the obtained results from the literature have been extensively reviewed. Survey of literature revealed that several industrial biomass gasification plants using fluidized beds are currently conducting in various countries. However, more research and development of technology should be devoted to this field to enhance the economical feasibility of this process for future exploitations.     

浅谈生物质气化在发电技术应用

随着经济的发展,世界各国电力需求猛增,电力供应日益紧张,在这种环境下,通过气化发电技术,把生物质能转化为电能,既能大规模处理生物质废料,又能提供电力,具有明显的社会和经济效益。介绍了生物质气化发电技术的国内外发展现状,着重讲述了生物质气化发电技术的原理、特点和分类,以及各类生物质气化发电技术的特点,分析了生物质气化发电技术的社会效益及应用前景。指出在我国这样一个农业大国应该大力发展生物质气化发电技术。     

Bench-scale bubbling fluidized bed systems around the world - Bed agglomeration and collapse: A comprehensive review

Thermochemical conversion by gasification process is one of the most relevant technologies for energy recovery from solid fuel, with an energy conversion efficiency better than other alternatives like combustion and pyrolysis. Nevertheless, the most common technology used in the last decades for thermochemical conversion of solid fuel through gasification process, such as coal, agriculture residues or biomass residues are the fluidized bed or bubbling fluidized bed system. For these gasification technologies, an inert bed material is fed into reactor to improve the homogenization of the particles mixture and increase the heat transfer between solid fuel particles and the bed material. The fluidized bed reactors usually operate at isothermal bed temperatures in the range of 700–1000 °C, providing a suitable contact between solid and gas phases. In this way, chemical reactions with high conversion yield, as well as an intense circulation and mixing of the solid particles are encouraged. Moreover, a high gasification temperature favours carbon conversion efficiency, increasing the syngas production and energy performance of the gasifier. However, the risk of eutectic mixtures formation and its subsequent melting process are increased, and hence the probability of bed agglomeration and the system collapse could be increased, mainly when alkali and alkaline earth metals-rich biomasses are considered. Generally, bed agglomeration occurs when biomass-derived ash reacts with bed material, and the lower melting temperature of ash components promotes the formation of highly viscous layers, which encourages the progressive agglomerates creation, and consequently, the bed collapse and system de-fluidization. Taking into account the relevance of this topic to ensure the normal gasification process operating, this paper provides several aspects about bed agglomeration, mostly for biomass gasification systems. In this way, chemistry and mechanism of bed agglomeration, as well as, some methods for in-situ detection and prediction of the bed agglomeration phenomenon are reviewed and discussed.     

生物质气化技术比较及其气化发电技术研究进展

生物质能是一种理想的可再生能源,由于其在燃烧过程中二氧化碳净排放量近似于零,可有效地减少温室效应,因而越来越受到世界各国的关注。首先对生物质能的概念及其转化方式进行了简单介绍,着重介绍了生物质气化技术在国内外的研究及应用发展现状,通过对固定床气化炉和流化床气化炉的技术性能的对比．提出了研究开发经济上可行、效率较高的生物质发电系统,是我国今后有效利用生物质能的发展方向。     

Fundamental design of a continuous biomass gasification process using a supercritical water fluidized bed

A novel biomass gasification (first stage of hydrogen production from biomass) process using a supercritical water fluidized bed was proposed and the fundamental design of the process was conducted. The flow rate was determined by evaluating the minimum fluidization velocity and terminal velocity of alumina particles enabling fluidization with the thermodynamic properties of supercritical water. Three cases were examined: a bubbling fluidized bed in which water was used mainly as the fluidized medium and biomass were added for gasification, a bubbling fluidized bed fluidized by biomass slurry feed alone, and a fast fluidized bed fluidized by biomass slurry feed alone. According to calculations of the residence time and thermal efficiency assuming heat recovery with a heat exchanger efficiency of 0.75, the bubbling fluidized bed fluidized by biomass slurry alone was appropriate for continuous biomass gasification using a fluidized bed.     

生物质高温空气气化分析、现状及前景

本文概述了我国发展生物质高温空气气化的必要性，对生物质高温空气气化的思想由来、系统组成、工作原理及过程进行了详细地介绍，并且阐述了生物质高温空气气化系统的基本特性；对国内外生物质利用技术的现状及前景进行了介绍，并对国内外生物质高温空气气化开发现状及前景进行了阐述。     

A review on the development and commercialization of biomass gasification technologies in China

With the fast economic growth, the energy demand in China has increased two-fold in the past three decades. Various energy resources have been exploited and utilized and biomass is one of the energy resources that is abundant and has been widely used in China for a long time. Biomass gasification is an efficient and advanced technology for extracting the energy from biomass and has received increasing attention in the energy market. In this paper the development of biomass gasification for various energy applications in China is reviewed and their prospects are discussed. Among the different biomass gasification technologies, biomass gasification and power generation is found to be the most promising biomass gasification technology that has great potential to be further developed in China.