氧氩流量比对ZnO薄膜的微结构及其发光特性的影响

在室温下,利用射频磁控反应溅射法分别在硅片和石英玻璃上制备ZnO薄膜。通过控制O2/Ar流量比,研究O2/Ar流量比对ZnO薄膜的微结构、表面形貌及其光致发光特性的影响。X射线衍射仪和原子力显微镜结果显示,当O2/Ar流量比为3∶4时,所得薄膜结晶度最佳,表面粗糙度为0.725 nm;荧光光谱显示,ZnO薄膜在波长407 nm附近出现紫光发光峰,该发光峰源于氧空位浅施主能级到价带顶的电子跃迁,发射强度随O2/Ar流量比的增加先减小后增加。     

Mn掺杂对ZnO薄膜结构和光学性质的影响

利用脉冲激光淀积的方法在Si衬底上生长出了c轴高度取向的ZnO和Zn0.9Mn（0.1）O薄膜.光致发光结果显示了Mn的掺杂引起了薄膜的带边发射蓝移,强度减弱,紫光发射几乎消失,但绿光发射增强.利用X射线衍射,X射线吸收精细结构和X射线光电子能谱等实验技术对Mn掺杂的ZnO薄膜的结构及其对光学性质影响进行了研究.结果表明：Mn掺入到ZnO薄膜中形成了Zn0.9Mn0.1O合金薄膜,Mn以＋2价的价态存在,这就导致了掺Mn以后的薄膜带隙变大,在发光谱中表现为带边发射的蓝移.同时由于掺入的Mn与薄膜中的填隙Zn反应,导致薄膜的结晶性变差,薄膜中的填隙Zn减少,O空位增多,引起带边发射和紫光发射减弱,绿光发射增强.     

衬底温度对低功率直流磁控溅射ZnO薄膜特性的影响

采用低功率直流反应磁控溅射法,在Si衬底上成功制备出了具有高c轴择优取向的ZnO薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪、荧光分光光度计研究了沉积温度对ZnO薄膜微观结构及光致发光特性的影响.结果表明,合适的衬底温度有利于提高ZnO薄膜结晶质量;在室温下测量样品的光致发光谱(PL),观察到波长位于440nm左右和485nm左右的蓝色发光峰及527nm左右微弱的绿光峰,随衬底温度升高,样品的PL谱中蓝光强度都明显增大,低功率溅射对其蓝光发射具有很重要的影响.综合分析得出440nm左右的蓝光发射应与Zni有关,485nm附近的蓝光发射是由于氧空位形成的深施主能级上电子跃迁到价带顶的结果,而527nm左右的较弱的绿光发射主要来源于导带底到氧错位缺陷能级的跃迁.生长温度主要是通过改变薄膜中缺陷种类及浓度而影响着ZnO薄膜的发光特性的.     

氧氩比和热处理对ZnO：Eu^3＋薄膜的结构及其发光性质的影响

用射频磁控溅射法在石英衬底上制备了ZnO：Eu^3＋薄膜,通过X射线衍射仪和荧光光谱仪对样品进行了表征,考察了氧氩比和退火工艺对其结构及发光性能的影响。结果表明：样品均呈现ZnO的六角纤锌矿结构,适当的氧氩比有利于ZnO的C轴择优取向的形成,高温退火会使晶粒尺寸增大;合适的氧氩比,尤其是退火工艺（700℃）可以促进ZnO基质（372nm）到Eu^3＋离子（^5Do-^7F2）之间的能量传递,但过多的氧及高温退火不利于稀土Eu^3＋离子465nm（^7Fo-^5D2）到611nm（^5Do-^7F2）的直接能量传递。     

PLD生长的ZnO薄膜的微结构及其发光特性研究

在不同的衬底温度下，通过脉冲激光淀积（PLD）方法在Si衬底上生长出c轴高度取向的ZnO薄膜。ZnO薄膜的结构分别通过X射线衍射（XRD）和广延X射线吸收精细结构（EXAFS）来表征，而表面成份和化学态则通过X射线光电子能谱来研究。利用光致发光（PL）来研究样品的发光特性。XRD结果和EXAFS结果都表明了500℃时生长的ZnO薄膜的结晶性比300℃时生长的要好。EXAFS结果和XPS结果显示，300℃时生长的ZnO薄膜处于富氧状态，而500℃时生长的则处于缺氧状态。结合XRD谱、EXAFS谱、XPS谱和PL谱的结果可以看到：随着ZnO薄膜的结晶性变好，它的紫外发光增强；另一方面，随着ZnO薄膜中O的含量减少，绿光发射变强。我们的结果表明绿光发射与ZnO中氧空位（V0）有关。     

Fe的不同掺杂量对ZnO薄膜光致发光的影响

采用射频磁控溅射在玻璃衬底上制备了不同掺杂量的Fe-ZnO薄膜,分析不同掺杂量对薄膜光学性能的影响.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究Fe-ZnO薄膜的微观结构和形貌结构.Fe-ZnO薄膜光致发光(PL)性质的研究发现,发光峰主要有蓝光发射和绿光发射,蓝光发射主要是由于电子从导带向锌空位形成的浅受主能级上的跃迁;绿光发射是由于电子从氧空位到锌空位的能级跃迁及导带底到氧错位缺陷能级的跃迁.由透射谱和吸收谱分析,Fe-ZnO薄膜在可见光区的平均透过率为66%,掺杂量为2%Fe的薄膜的禁带宽度最接近于ZnO的禁带宽度.     

直流磁控溅射有机衬底和玻璃衬底ZnO∶Al薄膜结构及特性的研究

利用直流磁控溅射法在有机薄膜衬底和普通玻璃衬底上制备出了具有良好附着性的ZnO∶Al透明导电膜,对制备薄膜的结构和光学特性进行了比较研究.研究发现:铝掺杂的氧化锌薄膜是多晶膜,具有六角纤锌矿结构;在衬底温度为100℃,溅射压强1.0 Pa,氧氩比为1∶2.58时,ZnO∶Al薄膜具有(002)择优取向,晶化也比较好,在可见光区的平均透过率分别达到了77.6%和82%.     

衬底和氧分压对Cu掺杂ZnO薄膜的结构及光学特性的影响

采用射频磁控溅射方法在玻璃和硅(100)衬底上制备了不同氧分压的Cu掺杂ZnO(ZnO∶Cu)薄膜。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和光致荧光发光(PL)等表征技术,研究了衬底和氧分压对ZnO∶Cu薄膜的结晶性能和光学特性的影响。结果显示薄膜沉积在Si衬底上比玻璃衬底上有更好c轴择优取向,两种衬底上沉积的薄膜有相同的氧分压结晶规律,且在氧氩比为10∶10时,薄膜c轴取向同时达到最好。通过对光致发光的研究表明,在低氧环境时玻璃衬底较容易制得好的发光薄膜,可在富氧环境时Si衬底上制得的薄膜发光性能较好。     

退火温度与Tb掺杂对六角锥形氧化锌发光性能的影响

采用燃烧合成法制备了六角锥形氧化锌（ZnO）粉体,利用X射线衍射谱（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和光致发光谱（PL）研究了退火温度与Tb掺杂对ZnO粉体形貌结构和光学性能的影响,实验结果表明,600℃退火得到的晶粒六棱锥形最明显;不同退火温度处理后的样品光致发光谱都有紫光、蓝光和黄光;升高退火温度,样品结晶程度和发光强度提高,黄光发生蓝移;Tb掺杂使材料出现蓝移现象,并在546nm处出现了绿光发射峰。     

热氧化ZnS∶Ga制备ZnO∶Ga薄膜及其光致发光性能

利用化学浴沉积法制备了不同Ga掺杂量的ZnS(ZnS∶Ga)薄膜,并采用热氧化法生长了Ga掺杂ZnO(ZnO∶Ga)薄膜,研究了ZnO∶Ga薄膜的表面形貌、成分及光致发光性能。结果表明:Ga的掺入改变了ZnO薄膜的微观结构、化学计量比、氧空位的相对含量,进而影响了薄膜的光致发光性能。随着Ga掺杂量增加,ZnO薄膜的致密度提高,颗粒尺寸减小;同时改善了ZnO的化学计量比,氧空位相对含量随之减少;ZnO薄膜的紫外光与可见光强度比增大。     

Effect of the oxygen partial pressure on the microstructure and optical properties of ZnO:Cu films

Cu-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Cu) films were deposited on Si substrates using radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering at different oxygen partial pressures. The effect of oxygen partial pressure on the microstructures and optical properties of ZnO:Cu thin films were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the grain orientation of the films was promoted by appropriate oxygen partial pressures. And with increasing oxygen partial pressure, the compressive stress of the films increased first and then decreased. The photoluminescence (PL) of the samples were measured at room temperature. A violet peak, two blue peaks and a green peak were observed from the PL spectra of the four samples. The origin of these emissions was discussed and the mechanism of violet emission of ZnO:Cu thin films were suggested.     

Effects of oxygen pressure on the structure and photoluminescence of ZnO thin films

A series of ZnO thin films were deposited on silicon (100) substrate at 473 K by using facing target RF magnetron sputtering system at different oxygen pressure in this paper. The structure, surface morphology and photoluminescence of the ZnO thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and photoluminescence spectra (PL), respectively. The results showed that only a (002) peak of hexagonal wurtzite appeared in all ZnO thin films, indicating that ZnO films exhibited strong texture. With increasing the oxygen pressure, the results indicated that the ZnO film deposited at 1.2 Pa Ar pressure and 0.6 Pa oxygen pressure had the best preferential C-axis orientation and the weakest compressive stress. Meanwhile, AFM observation showed that ZnO film deposited at pure Ar had the highest surface roughness. With the increment of oxygen pressure, the surface roughness decreased gradually. In addition, PL measurement showed that the ZnO film deposited at 1.2 Pa Ar pressure and 0.6 Pa oxygen pressure had the strongest ultraviolet emission and the weakest blue emission.     

Co-emission of UV, violet and green photoluminescence of ZnO/TiO2 thin film

ZnO/TiO₂ thin films were fabricated on quartz glass substrates by E-beam evaporation. The structural and optical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, optical transmittance and photoluminescence. XRD analysis indicates that the TiO₂ buffer layer can increase the preferential orientation along the (002) plane of the ZnO film. PL measurements suggest that co-emission of strong UV peak at 378 nm, violet peak at 423 nm and weak green luminescence at 544 nm is observed in the ZnO/TiO₂ thin film. The violet luminescence emission at 423 nm is attributed to the interface trap in the ZnO film grain boundaries.     

Mg-Al共掺杂ZnO薄膜的制备及其光学特性

采用溶胶-凝胶（sol—gel）旋涂法在载玻片上制备了不同A1掺杂量的Mg—Al共掺杂ZnO薄膜．在室温下利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和光致发光（PL）谱仪等手段分析了Mg—Al共掺杂Zn0薄膜的微结构、形貌和发光特性．XRD结果表明Mg．AI＆掺杂zn0薄膜具有六角纤锌矿结构;随着Al掺杂量的增加,共掺杂薄膜呈C轴取向生长．由SEM照片可知薄膜表面形貌随Al掺杂量的增加由颗粒状结构向纳米棒状结构转变．透射光谱表明共掺杂薄膜在可见光区内的透射率大于50％,紫外吸收边发生蓝移．在室温下的PL谱表明Mg—Al共掺杂zn0薄膜的紫外发射峰向短波长方向移动：Al掺杂摩尔分数为1％和3％的Mg—Al共掺杂ZnO薄膜的可见发射峰分别为596nm的黄光和565nm的绿光．黄光主要与氧间隙有关,而绿光主要与氧空位有关．     

Time resolved spectroscopic studies on some nanophosphors

Time resolved spectroscopy is an important tool for studying photophysical processes in phosphors. Present work investigates the steady state and time resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopic characteristics of ZnS, ZnO and (Zn, Mg)O nanophosphors both in powder as well as thin film form. Photoluminescence (PL) of ZnS nanophosphors typically exhibit a purple/blue emission peak termed as self activated (SA) luminescence and emission at different wavelengths arising due to dopant impurities e.g. green emission for ZnS: Cu, orange emission for ZnS: Mn and red emission for ZnS: Eu. The lifetimes obtained from decay curves range from ns to ms level and suggest the radiative recombination path involving donor-acceptor pair recombination or internal electronic transitions of the impurity atom. A series of ZnMgO nanophosphor thin films with varied Zn: Mg ratios were prepared by chemical bath deposition. Photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra exhibit variations with changing Mg ratio. Luminescence lifetime as short as 10⁻¹⁰ s was observed for ZnO and ZnMgO (100: 10) nanophosphors. With increasing Mg ratio, PL decay shifts into microsecond range. ZnO and ZnMgO alloys up to 50% Mg were prepared as powder by solid state mixing and sintering at high temperature in reducing atmosphere. Time resolved decay of PL indicated lifetime in the microsecond time scale. The novelty of the work lies in clear experimental evidence of dopants (Cu, Mn, Eu and Mg) in the decay process and luminescence life times in II–VI semiconductor nanocrystals of ZnS and ZnO. For ZnS, blue self activated luminescence decays faster than Cu and Mn related emission. For undoped ZnO nanocrystals, PL decay is in the nanosecond range whereas with Mg doping the decay becomes much slower in the microsecond range.     

Structural,luminescence and magnetic properties of Mn doped ZnO thin films using spin coating technique

Manganese doped zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were synthesized for various wt% doping of Mn using sol–gel spin coating technique. The effects of Mn doping on the structural, morphological, compositional, photoluminescence (PL) and magnetic behaviour of ZnO thin films were investigated. Although, Mn doping did not change the lattice constants of the films, the texture coefficient is found to be improved for the films having higher percentage of Mn doping. PL studies reveal that as doping concentration of Mn increases, the intensity of emission peaks corresponding to violet and blue colour increases and the peak position shifts slightly. The saturated magnetic moments are found to decrease with the increase in Mn doping and the reason for such behavior is discussed.     

Annealing effects on the structural and optical properties of growth ZnO thin films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD)

Annealed ZnO thin film at 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 °C in air were deposited on glass substrate by using pulsed laser deposition. The effects of annealing temperature on the structural and optical properties of annealed ZnO thin films by grazing incident X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), transmittance spectra, and photoluminescence (PL) were investigated. The GIXRD reveal the presence of hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO with preferred orientation (002). The particle size is calculated using Debye–Scherrer equation and the average grain size were found to be in the range 5.22–10.61 ± 0.01 nm. The transmittance spectra demonstrate highly transparent nature of the films in visible region (>70 %). The calculation of optical band gap energy is found to be in the range 2.95–3.32 ± 0.01 eV. The PL spectra shows that the amorphous film gives a UV emission only and the annealed films produce UV, violet, blue and green emissions this indicates that the point defects increased as the amorphous film was annealed.     

射频磁控溅射沉积高质量ZnO薄膜的工艺研究

在室温下利用射频磁控溅射法在硅(100)基片上制备ZnO薄膜,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其结晶性能进行分析。研究了制备条件对薄膜沉积速率的影响。分析了薄膜沉积速率对薄膜结晶状况的影响及源气体中的氧气和氩气的流量比对薄膜结晶状况的影响。研究结果表明,薄膜的生长速率强烈依赖于射频功率和工作气压,薄膜的结晶性能强烈依赖于薄膜的沉积速率和反应气体中氧气和氩气的流量比。制备高结晶质量的ZnO薄膜的最佳工艺参数为靶到衬底的距离为4cm,输入功率为250W,源气体中氩气和氧气的流量比n(Ar)∶n(O2)为5∶20,溅射工作气压为2Pa。在最佳工艺条件下所制备的薄膜表面平整致密,接近单晶,在可见光区的透射率高达90%。     

Effect of solution concentration on the structural, optical and conductive properties of ZnO thin films prepared by sol–gel method

ZnO thin films with different solution concentrations (0.1–0.9 mol/L) were prepared by a simple sol–gel dip-coating technique. X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Hall effect measurements and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy were employed to investigate the effect of solution concentration on the structural,optical and electrical conductive properties of the ZnO thin films. The results showed that the ZnO thin films preferentially oriented along the (002) direction at higher solution concentration. The careful study of the optical and electrical conductive properties showed that the resistivity decreased monotonously, while the transmittance increased first and then decreased when solution concentrations changed from 0.1 to 0.9 mol/L. Photoluminescence spectra indicated that the defect-related blue emission was increased with the enhancement of solution concentration. The mechanism of the blue emission, and the reasons why high solution concentration was favorable for forming high c-axis oriented ZnO thin films and obtaining low resistivity were also discussed in detail.