黏附和介电特性对PDMS-xBaTiO_3复合薄膜摩擦起电性能的影响

针对摩擦纳米发电机输出性能低导致实际应用受限的问题,通过在聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)中添加不同质量分数的BaTiO_3纳米颗粒,制备PDMS-xBaTiO_3复合薄膜(x=0%,10%,15%,20%和30%)。在接触分离模式的摩擦纳米发电机中,分别研究复合薄膜的表面黏附和介电特性对薄膜摩擦起电性能的影响。结果表明,相比PDMS薄膜,添加BaTiO_3的复合薄膜摩擦起电性能提高1倍以上;当BaTiO_3的质量分数≤15%时,摩擦起电性能会随着介电常数的增加而增大;当BaTiO_3的质量分数为20%时,尽管介电常数进一步增加,但此时表面黏附力最小,复合薄膜的摩擦起电性能下降;当BaTiO_3的质量分数为30%时,由于纳米颗粒的团聚导致复合薄膜的摩擦起电性能进一步降低。     

纳米Al_2O_3/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜的介电与力学性能

采用原位聚合与热亚胺化的方法,成功制备了一系列不同纳米Al_2O_3粒子质量分数的纳米Al_2O_3/聚酰亚胺(PI)复合薄膜。通过SEM、TEM、XRD、FTIR、LCR数字电桥、高压电源及电子万能材料试验机对纳米Al_2O_3/PI复合薄膜的微观结构、介电性能及力学性能进行了表征和测试。结果表明:纳米Al_2O_3粒子在均匀地分散在PI基体中;当纳米Al_2O_3粒子质量分数为8%时,纳米Al_2O_3/PI复合薄膜的击穿强度和拉伸强度均达到了最大值;纳米Al_2O_3/PI复合薄膜的介电常数随纳米Al_2O_3质量分数的增加而增加。     

纳米SiO_2/交联聚苯乙烯复合材料的合成及性能

以气相纳米二氧化硅为填料,交联聚苯乙烯(CLPS)为基体,采用原位本体聚合法制备了不同二氧化硅含量的SiO_2/CLPS复合材料,并利用透射电镜、红外光谱、差示扫描量热分析、热重分析和动态力学分析等技术对材料微观结构、热性能和介电性能进行了研究。结果表明,SiO_2质量分数不超过2%时,SiO_2颗粒以5~7 nm的粒径均匀地分散于交联聚苯乙烯基体中,聚合物基体与SiO_2产生较强的界面作用,形成了介电性能优异的纳米复合材料,介电常数和介电损耗分别保持在2.48~2.50和(4~8)×10-4之间;随着SiO_2含量进一步增加,材料的介电损耗显著增大,复合材料动态储能模量和玻璃化转变温度随SiO_2含量增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,在SiO_2质量分数为2%时达到最高,复合材料的玻璃化转变温度较纯CLPS有明显提高。     

SiO_2表面包覆改性钛酸钡/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜的制备与性能

以聚酰亚胺(PI)为基体,将聚酰亚胺与钛酸钡(BaTiO3)纳米粒子进行复合,采用原位聚合法制备BaTiO3/PI复合薄膜。为提高BaTiO3纳米粒子的分散性和表面性能,采用SiO2对BaTiO3纳米粒子进行表面包覆改性,并制备改性BaTiO3/PI复合薄膜。采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等对制备得到的改性BaTiO3进行了表征,测试了复合薄膜的介电性能。结果发现,SiO2与BaTiO3粒子间仅是物理包覆,没有新物质形成。测试频率为103 Hz时,质量分数为5%的SiO2包覆改性使复合薄膜的介电常数增大到21.8,介电损耗为0.00521,击穿强度为76 MV/m,储能密度为0.56J/cm3。研究表明,采用SiO2对BaTiO3改性使得复合薄膜的介电性能有所提高。     

核-双壳BT@TiO_(2)@PDA纳米粒子的制备及其复合薄膜的介电性能EI北大核心CSCD

为改善聚酰亚胺(PI)基复合薄膜界面相容性,达到提高其介电性能的目的,利用钛酸正丁酯的水解反应在钛酸钡纳米粒子(BT)表面包覆水合TiO_(2)。采用聚多巴胺(PDA)进一步包覆改性粒子,制备出具有核-双壳结构的钛酸钡纳米粒子(BT@TiO_(2)@PDA)。利用核-双壳结构形成双重梯度缓冲层,减小高介电钛酸钡纳米粒子和低介电聚合物之间由于介电常数差异造成的电场畸变。通过溶液流延法制备一系列含有不同质量分数的改性钛酸钡/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜(BT@TiO_(2)@PDA/PI)。结果表明:核-双壳结构可以改善钛酸钡纳米粒子在聚酰亚胺基体中的分散性及二者的界面相容性。当填料质量分数为40%时,BT@TiO_(2)@PDA/PI复合薄膜的介电常数κ提高到8.8(1 kHz),约为纯聚酰亚胺的2.7倍,为钛酸钡/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜(BT/PI)的1.4倍。介电-温度和介电-频率测试证实,BT@TiO_(2)@PDA/PI复合薄膜具有良好的温度和频率稳定性。在100 kHz的频率范围内,复合薄膜的介电损耗均小于0.010;当填料的质量分数低于40%时,温度从25℃增加到160℃,复合薄膜介电常数的降低数值均不超过0.6(1 kHz)。     

低热膨胀系数纳米碳化硅/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜的制备与性能

以原位分散聚合法制备出纳米碳化硅/聚酰亚胺(n-SiC/PI)复合薄膜, 采用SEM、热机械分析仪(TMA)、阻抗分析仪和热重分析(TG)研究了所制备薄膜的表面形貌、热膨胀、介电性能及热稳定性。结果表明: SiC粒子均匀分散在PI基体中, 复合薄膜的热膨胀系数(CTE)随着SiC含量的增加逐渐减小, SiC质量分数为15%时, CTE降低了11%, 且复合膜的热膨胀系数实验值比较接近于Kerner公式的计算值。复合膜的介电常数和介电损耗随着填料含量的变化而变化, 但始终维持在较低的范围内, 并在相当大的频率范围内保持稳定。      

纳米Mg(OH)2-ZnO/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜的介电和热性能

采用反向沉淀法制备了Mg（OH）₂-ZnO纳米粒子,通过原位聚合和热亚胺化的方法成功制备了不同纳米Mg（OH）₂-ZnO粒子质量分数的纳米Mg（OH）₂-ZnO/聚酰亚胺（PI）复合薄膜,通过SEM、热重分析、介电谱测试仪和击穿场强测试仪对薄膜的表面形貌、热稳定性、介电性能和击穿强度进行表征和测试。结果表明：Mg（OH）₂-ZnO纳米粒子均匀地分散在PI基体中,Mg（OH）₂-ZnO/PI热稳定性下降,介电常数、介电损耗和电导率增加,击穿场强随纳米粒子增加先增加后减小,在纳米粒子含量为2%时,达到最大值296 kV/mm。     

纳米钛酸钡掺杂聚酰亚胺基高介电复合薄膜的制备及性能

采用原位聚合法和高速砂磨法制备了纳米钛酸钡/聚酰亚胺高介电常数复合薄膜,分析了不同制备方法及钛酸钡粉体用量对复合薄膜结构和性能的影响。实验结果表明,高速砂磨法对于纳米钛酸钡粉体的分散效果优于原位分散法;钛酸钡粉体的引入,有效提高了复合薄膜的热稳定性和介电性能。当粉体的体积分数达到50%时,复合薄膜介电常数相较于纯膜提高了10倍,而介电损耗只有少量增加。     

改性钛酸钡/聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺复合薄膜的制备与介电性能

通过在钛酸钡纳米颗粒表面羟基化处理后用十八烷基异氰酸酯进行化学接枝改性,然后将改性后的钛酸钡纳米粒子加入到聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺(PMIA)浆液中,采用刮涂法制得耐高温的高性能PMIA介电复合薄膜。通过红外研究了复合粒子表面官能团变化;通过热重研究复合薄膜和复合粒子的热稳定性;利用X射线光电子能谱分析材料的元素成分和相关的化学键种类,表明十八烷基异氰酸酯成功地接枝到纳米钛酸钡表面;通过扫描电镜研究了复合薄膜的断面形貌,表明经过改性后的纳米钛酸钡改善了其与PMIA基体的相容性;通过宽频介电阻抗谱仪研究不同条件下复合薄膜的介电性能变化。结果表明,当改性钛酸钡纳米粒子质量分数为15%时,复合薄膜的介电常数是纯PMIA膜的5.4倍,同时保持了较低的介电损耗;同时,当温度到达120℃时,复合薄膜依然保持了良好的介电性能,能满足高温环境的应用要求。     

耐高温聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺介电复合材料的制备及性能

采用水热法以二氧化钛(TiO2)纳米粒子为原料合成了高长径比钛酸钡纳米线((BaTiO3 nanowires(BTN));为了改善BTN与聚合物基体的相容性并保持BTN完整的化学结构,选择聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为改性剂,通过物理吸附作用将其包裹在BTN表面形成P-BTN纳米线;随后将P-BTN作为高介电常数填料加入到聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺(PMIA)基体中制备出耐高温的PMIA介电复合材料.研究了P-BTN含量对PMIA复合材料介电性能、击穿强度的影响以及高温下P-BTN/PMIA复合材料介电性能的变化.结果表明:BTN经过PVP表面改性后,在P-BTN含量较高时依然可以均匀地分散在PMIA基体中,且与PMIA基体具有良好的相容性;随着P-BTN含量的增加,PMIA复合材料的介电常数提升明显;100 Hz时,含有15％(质量分数)P-BTN的PMIA复合材料的介电常数提升至18.5,相较于纯PMIA增加了7.4倍,同时介电损耗依然较低;在高温环境中(150～250℃),P-BTN/PMIA复合材料的介电性能稳定,没有出现明显波动,满足高温环境对材料介电性能的使用要求;此外,低含量P-BTN还可以改善PMIA介电复合材料的击穿强度,适用于更高电场强度环境中.     

Dielectric and pyroelectric properties of Ba-modified lead lanthanum zirconate stannate titanate ceramics

(Pb_0.97−xLa_0.02Ba_x)(Zr_0.75Sn_0.12Ti_0.13)O₃ ceramics in the composition range 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.16 were prepared by conventional solid state reaction process. On increasing Ba content from 0.1 to 0.16 mol, the specimens underwent phase transition from the first order to the second order and the Curie temperature decreased from 85 to 35 °C. With x = 0.16, the specimen showed good pyroelectric properties for practical applications. When a 500 V/mm dc bias field was applied, the specimen showed the maximum pyroelectric coefficient of 5800 μC/m² K and figure of merit of 58 × 10⁻⁵ Pa^−0.5 at Curie temperature.     

Microstructure and optical properties of plasmapolymer thin films with embedded silver nanoparticles

Plasmapolymer thin films with embedded silver nanoparticles were deposited by simultaneous plasma polymerization and metal evaporation. The particle size and shape were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analysed by optical image processing. The optical properties in the UV/ VIS/NIR spectral region were determined by the plasma resonance absorption of the silver particles. Transmittance spectra were calculated with the Bergman effective medium theory and compared with experimental spectra.     

Engineering properties of concrete containing natural zeolite as supplementary cementitious material: Strength,toughness, durability,and hygrothermal performance

A complex analysis of engineering properties of concrete containing natural zeolite as supplementary cementitious material in the blended Portland-cement based binder in an amount of up to 60% by mass is presented. The studied parameters include basic physical characteristics, mechanical and fracture–mechanics properties, durability characteristics, and hygric and thermal properties. Experimental results show that 20% zeolite content in the blended binder is the most suitable option. For this cement replacement level the compressive strength, bending strength, effective fracture toughness, effective toughness, and specific fracture energy are only slightly worse than for the reference Portland-cement concrete. The frost resistance, de-icing salt resistance, and chemical resistance to MgCl₂, NH₄Cl, Na₂SO₄, and HCl are improved. The hygrothermal performance of hardened mixes containing 20% natural zeolite, as assessed using the measured values of water absorption coefficient, water vapor diffusion coefficient, water vapor sorption isotherms, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity, is satisfactory.     

Facile preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites with pristine layered double hydroxides

In this paper, nano-sized Mg–Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) was synthesized by a fast nucleation and slow aging method. The structures of LDH were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposites with different LDH loadings were prepared by water solution casting method. TEM observations show that the LDH nanoplatelets are uniformly dispersed in the PVA matrix. Tensile tests indicate that the elastic modulus and the tensile strength of PVA are improved by about 15% and 54%, respectively, when incorporating with 2 wt% LDH. The improvement of mechanical properties of PVA can be attributed to fine dispersion of LDH, good compatibility and strong interaction between PVA and LDH. In addition, the presence of LDH decreases the decomposition rates at the second stage and improves the amount of residues of PVA. Meanwhile, the transparency of the nanocomposite films is maintained compared with neat PVA.     

X-cor夹层结构的力学性能试验研究

X-cor夹层结构比强度高,比刚度大,有望取代传统蜂窝夹层结构作为航空航天器的主承力结构材料。采用真空固化成型工艺,通过改变Z-pin的植入参数制备了X-cor夹层结构,研究了Z-pin植入角度、植入间距和直径对其平压、剪切和拉伸性能的影响。研究结果表明,Z-pin的植入参数对X-cor夹层结构的力学性能影响显著。随Z-pin植入角度的增加X-cor夹层结构的平压性能降低,剪切性能增强,拉伸模量减小,拉伸强度先增加后减小。随Z-pin植入间距和直径增加,X-cor夹层结构力学性能均增加。与泡沫夹层结构相比,X-cor夹层结构压缩、剪切和拉伸模量的测试值分别提高了1.26～5.15倍、2.50～13.56倍和1.90～2.71倍,压缩、剪切和拉伸测试值分别提高了1.63～9.20倍、1.28～2.03倍和1.01～2.30倍。     

Properties of high performance concrete containing fine-ground ceramics as supplementary cementitious material

This paper presents experimental work regarding the basic physical characteristics, mechanical and fracture-mechanics properties, durability characteristics, hydric and thermal properties of high performance concrete (HPC) with up to 60% of Portland cement replaced by fine-ground ceramics. Experimental results show that the amount of the ceramics in the mix is limited mainly by the resistance against de-icing salts which is found satisfactory only up to the cement replacement level of 10%. The mechanical and water transport properties are not significantly impaired by ceramic additions of up to 20%, whereas the effective fracture toughness, specific fracture energy, and chemical resistance (to MgCl₂, NH₄Cl, Na₂SO₄, HCl) are effectively maintained up to 40%. The frost resistance, water vapor transport and storage parameters and thermal properties are not significantly impaired even up to a 60% replacement level.     

Mechanochemical synthesis,structural, magnetic,optical and electrooptical properties of CuFeS2 nanoparticles

The rapid mechanochemical synthesis of nanocrystalline CuFeS₂ particles prepared by high-energy milling for 60?min in a planetary mill from copper, iron and sulphur elements is reported. The CuFeS₂ nanoparticles crystallize in tetragonal structure with mean crystallite size of about 38?±?1?nm determined by XRD analysis. HRTEM study also revealed the presence of nanocrystals with the size of 5–30?nm with the tendency to form agglomerates. The Raman spectrum confirms the chalcopyrite structure. Low temperature magnetic data for CuFeS₂ support the coexistence of antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic spin structure. Moreover, the hysteresis loops taken at temperatures from 5?K to 300?K revealed a presence of very small amount of ferromagnetic phase, which seems to be associated with the non-consumed elemental Fe in as-prepared nanoparticles. The optical band gap of CuFeS₂ nanoparticles has been detected to be 1.05?eV, larger than band gap of the bulk material. The wider gap possibly resulted from the nano-size effect. Photoresponses of CuFeS₂ nanoparticles were confirmed by I-V measurements under dark and light illumination. It was demonstrated that mechanochemical synthesis can be successfully employed in the one step preparation of nanocrystalline CuFeS₂ with good structural, magnetic, optical and electrooptical properties.     

基于第一性原理研究Heusler合金Fe2CuGa的结构和性能

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,系统研究了Heusler合金Fe2CuGa的结构、磁性、弹性性能和电子性质.计算结果表明:立方相的基态结构是铁磁态的Hg2CuTi结构.立方到四方的相变几乎是体积不变的,这是形状记忆合金的特性.奥氏体和马氏体的磁矩分别是4.48和4.56μB/f.u..另外,预测了Fe2CuGa的弹性系数.Fe2CuGa的立方结构在力学上是不稳定的而四方结构是稳定的.根据体模量和剪切模量的比值,发现Fe2CuGa在本质上是可延展的.利用态密度的方法解释了Fe2CuGa马氏体相变的来源.     

Preparation and characterization of organic pigments and their fluorescence properties depending on bulk structure

Fluorescent pigments, based on the optical or electrooptical properties of dyes, are the main component in fluorescent coatings and inks. In this study, three kinds of dyes (Rhodamine B, Light Green SF Yellowish, Coumarin) with four different ratios (2.5 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 4 wt%) were employed as luminophor, and the melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin was used as curing resin to prepare fluorescent pigments in different color. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry were carried out to analyze the structure of the fluorescent pigments. Scanning electron microscopy and particle size distribution were used to present the morphology of fluorescent pigments. UV–vis and fluorescence spectrum were used to demonstrate the optical properties. It can be concluded that, coumarin pigments possessed consecutive structure in MF resin while rhodamine B might be the best for the preparation of printing inks among the three kinds of dyes from the view of particle size. The TG results presented that all the pigments showed good thermal stability, which might possess potential application in high speed printing industry.