新一代聚烯烃催化剂——后过渡金属催化剂

本文综述了以α 二亚胺为配体的Ni(Ⅱ )基和Pd(Ⅱ )基、以三吡啶二亚胺为配体的Fe(Ⅱ )基和Co(Ⅱ )基后过渡金属催化剂 ,包括催化剂的组成、对烯烃聚合及共聚合的性能和聚合机理     

水杨醛亚胺共价修饰碳纳米管负载镍催化剂的合成及催化乙烯齐聚性能

以1,4-丁二胺为起始剂,4-羟基水杨醛和四水合乙酸镍为原料,经亲核加成和配位反应合成具有配位能力的水杨醛亚胺配体和含有活性羟基的水杨醛亚胺镍催化剂。通过缩合反应将水杨醛亚胺镍催化剂共价接枝到碳纳米管上,合成有机配体共价修饰碳纳米管催化剂。傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、X射线衍射等表征结果证实了合成的水杨醛亚胺配体及催化剂结构与理论结构相符。经助催化剂MAO活化后,2种催化剂均表现出良好的催化乙烯齐聚性能。条件优化实验确定了2种催化剂的较佳聚合条件,Ni用量5μmol、Al/Ni为500、反应压力0.7 MPa、反应时间30 min,均相催化剂和负载催化剂最佳反应温度分别为25℃和35℃。此条件下,均相催化剂催化乙烯齐聚活性为1.99×10~5 g/(mol·Ni·h),齐聚产物C_8和C_(10+)选择性分别为30.38%和29.65%。负载催化剂催化乙烯齐聚活性为5.25×10~5 g/(mol·Ni·h),齐聚产物C_8和C_(10+)选择性分别为38.14%和15.28%。与均相催化剂相比,负载催化剂具有更好的催化活性和重复利用性。     

双组分α-二亚胺镍复式催化剂制备长支链聚乙烯

报道以两种后过渡金属催化剂二-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-丁二亚胺氯化镍和二-(2-甲基苯基)-丁二亚胺氯化镍所组成的复式催化体系,催化单一乙烯聚合可制备得到长支链(n≥6)的聚乙烯。在合适的聚合条件下此复式催化剂具有很好的协同作用,其催化活性比任一单一催化剂的催化活性都高。本文详细研究了两种催化荆的摩尔比、聚合温度等聚合条件对催化活性及产物结构的影响。用^13C—NMR、FT—IR、DSC对聚合物进行了表征。     

新型Ni(acac)2/TiCl4/L复合催化剂单一乙烯聚合制备支化聚乙烯

制备了以MgCl2-SiO2为载体,以α-二亚胺配体(L)修饰的Ni(acac)2／TiCl4复合催化剂,以通用R2AlCl和R3Al为助催化剂．研究了催化剂组成和各种聚合条件对乙烯聚合的影响及表现聚合动力学。用DSC、IR、13C-NMR等对聚合产物进行了结构性能的分析和表征。结果表明,Ni(acac)2／TiCl4／L复合催化剂有良好的齐聚和原位共聚性能,催化单一乙烯聚合获得了熔点和结晶度较低的中、低密度支化聚乙烯;其中配体L有很好的提高产物支化度的作用,得到支化度为4～12的支化聚乙烯。     

“扫帚型”镍系催化剂的合成及催化乙烯齐聚的性能

以直链十四胺为核的低代"扫帚型"大分子、水杨醛和Ni Cl2为原料,依次通过希夫碱反应和络合反应合成了一种新型的"扫帚型"水杨醛亚胺镍催化剂,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和紫外-可见分光光度计证实其合成产品的结构与理论结构相符。在甲基铝氧烷(MAO)活化下,该催化剂具有良好催化乙烯齐聚的性能,且随着反应压力的升高和Al/Ni(摩尔比)增加,其催化活性增大;在反应温度为25℃,反应压力为0.5 MPa,Al/Ni摩尔比为1500时,该催化剂的活性可达2.33×106g/(mol Ni·h),聚合产物主要是C8以下的低碳烯烃,含量高达94%以上。相同条件下,其催化乙烯齐聚的活性高于与其具有类似结构的超支化镍系催化剂。     

双核水杨醛亚胺镍催化剂的制备及对降冰片烯聚合的催化性能

合成了3种5,5′-亚甲基-双-水杨醛亚胺配体,利用它们和trans-[NiCl(Ph)(PPh3)2]反应得到Cat1、Cat2和Cat3三种双核水杨醛亚胺镍催化剂,并通过红外(FT-IR)和元素分析进行了表征。研究了在甲苯为溶剂,MAO为助催化剂下,催化降冰片烯(NBE)单体聚合的催化性能,考察了聚合条件,如温度、Al/Ni物质的量比对降冰片烯的催化活性、单体转化率、聚合物分子量及分子量分布的影响。当在n(Al)/n(Ni)为1000,聚合温度为80℃的条件下,催化剂的催化活性达到最大值1.16×105g of PNB/(mol of Ni.h)。聚合产物的核磁共振(1H-NMR)和红外光谱分析结果表明,该聚合反应是以单体的乙烯基加成聚合机理进行的。     

介孔分子筛负载的后过渡金属烯烃聚合催化剂的制备方法

本发明属于介孔分子筛载体化的后过渡金属烯烃聚合催化剂及其制备和催化烯烃聚合。催化剂由A和B两组分组成，A组分的表达式[JK—Cat（MLX2）-PC]，其中JK代表介孔分子筛材料SBA-15，PC代表负载方法类型，即物理吸附和化学吸附，Cat代表后过渡金属烯烃聚合催化剂，M代表铁、钴，镍和钯其中任意一种，L代表双齿或三齿有机配体其中任意一种，X代表卤素Cl或Br。     

IVB族西佛碱烯烃聚合催化剂及其制备方法

本发明是IVB族西佛碱烯烃聚合催化剂及其制备方法。该类催化剂由于高活性特点，目前是人们研究的重点。本发明将脂肪族胺与3-烃基水杨醛制得西佛碱配体后，再与正丁基锂或KH成盐，将MCl4滴入盐溶液反应得西佛碱烯烃聚合催化剂。将上述催化剂与烯烃单体共聚反应，得高分子化的西佛碱烯烃聚合催化剂，该类催化剂制备条件温和，催化效果良好。     

过渡金属催化烯烃聚合

论述了烯烃聚合催化剂的发展更新过程,催化聚合的过程。涉及配位聚合的链增长机理、单体几种可能的插入模式及聚合的立构控制方式、链转移或链终止机理以及可能存在的催化活性中心的失活过程。对于过渡金属催化烯烃聚合的理解有助于催化剂设计的理性化。     

新型水杨醛亚胺钛配合物的合成及催化乙烯聚合

以价廉的水杨醛和Ti Cl4为主要原料,合成了四种水杨醛亚胺配体(5-8)及含(双苯氧基亚胺)配体的钛配合物[O-C6H4-ortho-CH=N-2,6-(i-Pr)2-C6H3]2Ti Cl2(13),[O-(5-NO2)-C6H3-ortho-CH=N-2,6-(i-Pr)2-C6H3]2Ti Cl2(14),[O-(3,5-di-Br)-C6H2-orthoCH=N-2,6-(i-Pr)2-C6H3]2Ti Cl2(15)和[O-(3,5-di-C(CH3)3)-C6H2-ortho-CH=N-2,6-(i-Pr)2-C6H3]2Ti Cl2(16)。用MS、1H-NMR和元素分析等手段表征了配体5-8分子结构,用1H-NMR和元素分析表征了配合物13-16的分子结构。经MAO(甲基铝氧烷)活化后,钛配合物(13-16)在甲苯溶剂中能有效催化乙烯聚合。在60℃,2.0 MPa及助催化剂与主催化剂摩尔比n(MAO)/n(cat)=1500∶1条件下钛配合物(14-16)催化乙烯聚合活性为1022.73-1302.27 g·PE/(mmol·Ti·h·MPa)),远高于无取代水杨醛亚胺钛配合物(13)。所得聚乙烯粘均分子量(粘度法)为19266-44754,GPC测定分子量分布Mw/Mn为1.88-2.12。具有最高活性的催化剂15催化乙烯聚合得到的聚合物样品,经13C-NMR和DSC的表征,结果表明为线型结晶聚乙烯。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.