镀金液中杂质元素的电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法具有很多优点,但其测定镀金液中杂质元素时基体元素Au对测定有干扰和抑制.用甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)萃取分离镀金液中基体Au,通过加入内标混合溶液校正残余Au对待测元素的干扰,再用ICP-MS测定镀金液中的杂质元素Mn,Fe,Cu,Co,Ni,Cd,Pb,讨论了萃取条件、仪器工作参数、同位素及内标元素、质谱干扰、基体效应等对测量的影响,确定了最佳测定条件.结果表明:该方法的检出限为0.015～0.180μg/L,加标回收率为93.22%～107.78%,相对标准偏差为1.6%～4.1%;该方法准确、快速、简便,完全满足镀金液中杂质元素的测定要求.     

电感耦合等离子质谱法测定镀锌液中的杂质元素

为了研究镀锌液中杂质元素的测定方法,用氢氧化钇共沉淀分离富集锌,用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定镀锌液样品中Cu,Fe,Pb,Cd,Cr.对影响其测量的各种因素进行了较为详细的研究,确定了试验的最佳测定条件.结果表明,方法的检出限为0.001～0.117μg/L,回收率为93.3%～110.0%,RSD小于2.51%.该法准确、快速、简便,应用于镀锌液中杂质元素的测定,效果较好.     

ICP－OES法测定镀铬液中多种金属杂质元素

为简便而准确测定镀铬液中金属杂质元素的含量,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）对镀铬液中A1,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,Sb,Pb等杂质元素进行了测定,确定了仪器的最佳工作参数,选择了合适的分析谱线,研究了主量元素cr和共存元素对光谱的干扰情况。结果表明：10种金属元素的检出限为0．15～...     

光亮镀镍液中杂质元素的电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)易于进行多元素分析,检出限低,应用广泛.适当选择待测元素的同位素来克服质谱干扰,以Sc,Y,Bi作为内标元素来补偿基体效应,用ICP-MS法测定了光亮镀镍液中Mg,Al,Cr,Mn,Fe,Cu,Zn,Pb 8种杂质元素.结果表明:8种微量金属元素的检出限在0.008～0.340 μg...     

ICP-AES法测定钕铁硼镀镍溶液中的杂质元素含量

建立了用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定钕铁硼材料镀镍溶液中镉、锰、铬、铜、铁、钙、锌、铝、钴、钕、镨和铈12种杂质元素含量的方法;确定了仪器的最佳工作参数及各元素的分析谱线;通过采用基体匹配和简单的镀液稀释消除了电镀液中大量存在的基体物质对待检测元素测定的光谱干扰。实验结果表明：本方法中12种待测元素线性关系良好,线性相关系数R>0.999,检出限为0.005～0.690μg/mL,精密度和回收率实验结果表明,本方法具有简便、快速、准确的优点,能够满足日常钕铁硼镀镍溶液中杂质元素的快速检测要求。     

ZnSe多晶料的提纯与化学比的控制

采用区域升华法对由两单质直接合成的ZnSe多晶原料进行了处理.电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)分析结果表明,区域升华法对高纯原料中杂质的去除率仅为10%左右.X射线衍射(XRD)和能谱分析(EDS)结果表明提纯后原料的化学比得到了有效调节,其多晶化学比与单晶的化学比非常接近,适于单晶生长使用.采用区域升华法处理高纯多晶原料的主要目的应该放在去除过量元素和调节原料化学比上.     

铑电镀液中铑含量不同测定方法的比较

铑作为一种贵金属,准确测定其在镀液中的含量非常重要.通过对铑的标准浓度溶液进行重量法、等离子体发射光谱法(ICP)、火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)和改进后的FAAS(引入一个校正因子, 对FAAS测定方法进行了优化、校正)等不同方法的测定,比较了不同测定方法的适用范围和精确度.结果表明:对于杂质少的铑电镀液,宜采用重量法测定,其测定偏差在4%以内,硼氢化钠作为还原剂的重量法的测定偏差可控制在0.2%以内;对于杂质多的铑电镀液,用ICP,改进后的FAAS均能获得满意结果,相对偏差都小于1% .     

电感耦合等离子质谱法测定石英砂中十四种痕量杂质元素

文章根据不同石英砂的矿相、加工工艺,建立了密闭消解和微波消解等样品处理方法,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）对石英砂中痕量杂质元素进行检测。采用Sc为内标补偿基体效应和仪器漂移。检测结果表明,密闭酸溶法与微波消解法无显著性差异（P≥0.05）;ICP-MS检测石英砂中痕量杂质元素准确度和精确度高,检测线性范围宽,检出限低,分析快速。测定结果的相对标准偏差（RS D）0.2%～5.0%,检出限为0.009～0.093 ng/ml。     

HR-ICP-MS测定电子级N-甲基吡咯烷酮中痕量金属杂质

文章采用高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(HR-ICP-MS)检测电子级N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)中金属杂质元素,采用标准加入法进行定量测试,回收率为92.40%~110.25%,重复性相对标准偏差为0.19%~3.78%,检测限满足电子级NMP中金属杂质含量在0.1~1μg/kg级别测试需求。     

ICP-AES法测定锂离子电池电解液中金属杂质元素

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)同时测定六氟磷酸锂电解液中钠、钾、钙、铁、铜、铬等多种元素,回收率在97.3%～104.1%之间,线性相关系数大于0.999,相对标准偏差在0.02%～0.66%。该方法分析速度快,灵敏度高,重现性好,适合六氟磷酸锂电解液中杂质元素的检测。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.