以聚硅氧烷乳液/聚丙烯酸铵为复合分散剂制备高性能氮化硅料浆

以聚硅氧烷乳液(S-17)/聚丙烯酸铵[poly(acrylic acid)ammonium,PAA-NH4]为复合分散剂制备了高浓度且稳定的Si3N4凝胶注模料浆,用电泳仪分析了料浆中颗粒表面zeta电位,用转子黏度计测量了料浆的黏度,用沉降法表征了Si3N4粉体的分散稳定性,用黏度法获得颗粒对聚硅氧烷分子的吸附等温线.研究了PAA-NH4分散剂和聚硅氧烷表面活性剂对高固相含量、低黏度料浆的稳定性影响机制.结果表明:单独使用PAA-NH4不能达到较好的稳定效果,采用聚硅氧烷乳液/PAA-NH4复合分散剂,聚硅氧烷乳液用量为0.4%(质量分数,下同),PAA-NH4为0.8%时,可制备固相体积含量为50%,黏度低于1.0 Pa·s,稳定性较高的料浆.该料浆适于凝胶注模操作.根据静电作用原理,结合颗粒对聚硅氧烷分子的吸附特性,提出通过降低液相表面张力来降低料浆黏度及提高稳定性,探讨了高固相含量料浆分散的理论机理.     

纳米SiO2包覆Al2O3浓悬浮体制备及其凝胶注模成型

采用硅溶胶等制备纳米SiO2包覆Al2O3微复合体系,凝胶注模工艺制备莫来石陶瓷,着重研究了低粘度高固含量浓悬浮体系的特性及其凝胶注模成型坯体的性能.研究表明按莫来石理论组成将Al2O3颗粒分散于质量分数为30.3%的硅溶胶中,纳米SiO2胶粒吸附于颗粒表面,形成30～50 nm的SiO2包覆层,其中已形成Si-O-Al-O键.纳米SiO2包覆Al2O3浓悬浮体系的最佳分散条件在pH=9.0左右,利用SiO2包覆层的静电位阻稳定作用,可直接制备低粘度、高固含量浓悬浮体系,固相质量分数为76%的浓悬浮体表观粘度为975 mPa·s;固相质量分数为76%,有机单体质量分数为7.7%,采用凝胶注模工艺,所得坯体结构均匀、致密,相对密度达63%,抗折强度达5.85 Mpa.     

丙烯酸类共聚物分散剂的合成及其分散性能

以丙烯酸(AA)、苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)和丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)为单体设计正交实验,经聚合反应得到AA-SSS-HPA共聚物分散剂,测定了各种分散剂的分子量及对BaSO4的悬浮率. 选择分散效果最好的分散剂作为研究对象,考察了温度、pH值、盐浓度、分散剂用量对BaSO4分散效果的影响,测定了悬浮液的沉降速度、粘度和颗粒的表面吸附量,并对分散后的颗粒粒径分布进行了表征. 结果表明,在20℃的中性体系中,分散剂用量为0.4000 g时,BaSO4悬浮率可达99.18%, BaSO4颗粒粒径约为350 nm,悬浮液静置60 h后,上层清液体积仅占总体积的2%.     

凝胶注模成型氧化锆耐火材料的研究

研究了以粒径分布较宽的粗颗粒氧化锆粉末制成浆料的 ζ电位、流变特性及其凝胶注模成型技术。结果表明 ,用适量的分散剂SD - 0 0调整浆料的pH值 =8.5～ 10 .13,即可制备出固相含量高达 6 5 %(体积分数 )的氧化锆浓悬浮体。凝胶注模成型出的氧化锆坯体性能良好 ,其体积密度为 4 .12 g·cm- 3,抗折强度达 2 1.4 3MPa。     

分散剂聚乙二醇对Si3N4纳米粉末分散性的影响

纳米相颗粒弥散在陶瓷基体中构成的陶瓷刀具材料具有优异的力学性能,制备这类复合材料的体的均匀混合.基于此,研究了制备Si3N4基陶瓷刀具材料所用纳米Si3N4粉末分散性与悬浮液pH值、分散剂聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)分子量及用量之间的关系.为得到分散良好、抗团聚的纳米Si3N4悬浮液,用PEG作为分散剂,测定了电位与pH值关系,进行了沉降实验.结果表明:所采用Si3N4纳米粉末等电位点在pH=5.5附近,最佳分散条件为PEG相对分子量为4 000,分散剂质量含量为0.5%及分散介质pH值在9.5～10之间.     

碳化硅浓悬浮体的分散特性和流变性研究

通过对碳化硅粉体在有机单体介质中的Zeta电位，分散剂用量和浓悬浮体的粘度等的测试及其沉降试验，详细研究了粒径分布较宽的碳化硅粉体（0.2-250μm)的胶体分散特性，沉降行为以及浓悬浮体的流变行为。结果表明，选用适量的分散剂四甲基氢氧化铵可使SiC颗粒的Zeta电位绝对值提高近20mV，调整浆料pH至11．9附近可制备出固相体积分数高达70％的SiC浓悬浮体。该浓悬浮体中粗细SiC颗粒间能达到一稳定的分数，悬浮粒子不会产生明显地沉降，其流变行为符合Quemada模型。     

氮化硅泡沫陶瓷浆料性能的研究

系统地研究了料浆pH值、分散剂及固相含量等因素对陶瓷料浆电势和流变性的影响,制备出了有良好稳定性和流动性的氮化硅料浆。研究表明,静电空间位阻稳定机制是陶瓷料浆稳定性的根本原因。料浆pH值、分散剂和固相含量等因素对陶瓷料浆的分散稳定性及流变性均有一定的影响。料浆的pH值为10-11、分散剂PAA-NH4用量为1 wt.%以及固相含量为50 wt.%时,可获得具有良好性能的氮化硅料浆浓悬浮体。     

钛酸镍水基浓悬浮体的制备及流变特性研究

测定了超细NiTiO3粉体的ζ-电位,并研究了分散剂聚甲基丙烯酸铵(NH4PAA)的用量对NiTiO3悬浮体粘度的影响。结果表明:超细NiTiO3粉体在水中的等电点约为5.0;悬浮体的粘度与分散剂的用量有关,并得出最佳用量约为粉体质量的0.4wt%;研究了不同水基浓悬浮体的流变特性,成功地制备出体积分数为60vol%的低粘度(0.75Pa·S,剪切速率为50S-1)悬浮体。     

纳米二氧化硅水悬浮液的稳定性研究

本文采用胶体“电空间稳定机制”,以聚羧酸盐为分散剂,研究了纳米S iO2粉体在水中的分散行为和表面化学特性,讨论了pH值、分散剂种类及用量对体系的悬浮稳定性及流动特性的影响。在最佳pH值和分散剂加入量条件下制备了高固含量、稳定性和分散性好的纳米S iO2浆料。     

聚丙烯酸对BaTiO3颗粒的分散及其机理研究

通过沉降实验及FT-IR分析,研究了分散剂PAA对BaTiO3颗粒的分散机理。结果表明：PAA电离的RCOO^-吸附在BaTiO3颗粒表面形成的Ba—OH2^＋正电中心,产生静电稳定作用和空间位阻作用,从而使BaTiO3颗粒分散。当PAA加入量为0．3wt％,pH=10时,PAA完全电离,吸附达饱和,可以得到高分散、高稳定的浆料。     

Rheological properties of nanosized barium titanate prepared by HGRP for aqueous tape casting

The conditions for the preparation of stable nanosized barium titanate suspensions with high solids content for the production of aqueous tape casting are identified. The rheological behavior of colloidal barium titanate suspension with Ammonium polyacrylate (NH₄-PAA) as a dispersant to aid the powder dispersion has been investigated. Nanosized barium titanate powder was synthesized by a continuous high-gravity reactive preparation (HGRP) technique, and then annealed at 900 °C for 2 h. Measuring the zeta potential, the particle size distributions and ball-milling time, assessed the optimum conditions of the suspension with low viscosity and stability. An isoelectric point (IEP) at pH = 2.8 was found. Particle size distribution tests identified an optimum pH value about 10 and an optimum dispersant addition about 1.2 wt.% (based on the dry powder weight). As the ball-milling time was longer than 8 h, the amount NH₄-PAA adsorbed on the barium titanate reached to saturation. The maximum solid content attained during this work was 45 vol.% at pH of 10, with dispersant addition 1.2 wt.%. High green density value (up to ∼55.4% of the theoretical density) in BaTiO₃ sheet was achieved with a solid content 40 vol.%. After sintering at 1200 °C for 2 h a final density of 95% is reached.     

PAA—NH4对氧化铝悬浮液沉降性生能的研究

采用PAA—NH4作为分散剂制备了超细氧化铝悬桴液,通过沉降实验观察了PAA-NH4的添加量、pH值对α—Al2O3低固含量悬浮液的沉降性能的影响,并用Zeta电位仪测定了不同pH值条件下稀固相含量悬浮液的Zeta电位;同时对烧结坯体进行了微观分析。结果表明：分散剂PAA—NH4的最佳用量为1．0％左右,最佳pH值为9;对添加PAA—NH4前后的稀悬浮液Zeta电位进行了测定,发现等电势点左移,Zeta电位的绝对值变化显著。添加PAA-NH4后,pH值的变化对悬浮液的沉降性能和Zeta电位影响很大。     

PAA-NH_4对氧化铝悬浮液沉降性能的研究

采用PAA-NH4作为分散剂制备了超细氧化铝悬浮液,通过沉降实验观察了PAA-NH4的添加量、pH值对α-A12O3低固含量悬浮液的沉降性能的影响,并用Zeta电位仪测定了不同pH值条件下稀固相含量悬浮液的Zeta电位;同时对烧结坯体进行了微观分析.结果表明:分散剂PM-NH4的最佳用量为1.0%左右,最佳pH值为9;对添加PAA-NH4前后的稀悬浮液Zeta电位进行了测定,发现等电势点左移,Zeta电位的绝对值变化显著.添加PAA-Nh4后,pH值的变化对悬浮液的沉降性能和Zeta电位影响很大.     

Effects of dispersant concentration and pH on properties of lead zirconate titanate aqueous suspension

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) aqueous suspensions were prepared at 60 wt.% solids loading using a commercial ammonium polyacrylate (APA) dispersant. Effects of the dispersant concentration on rheological behavior, dispersion and stability of PZT aqueous suspensions were investigated by means of zeta potential, viscosity and sedimentation height measurements. The results showed that, under suitable conditions, APA dispersant promoted particle dispersion and stabilization in PZT aqueous suspensions. For 60 wt.% solids loading suspensions, the dispersant concentration yielding the lowest viscosity was 0.5 wt.% based on PZT powder dried weight basis. Effects of pH on particle dispersion in the suspensions prepared with APA were studied by laser light scattering technique and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed an improvement in particle dispersion for the alkaline condition, which led to relatively low viscosity and highly stable suspension. Possible particle stabilization mechanisms at various pHs were discussed based on dissociation of the dispersant in water, polymer conformation and adsorption behavior of the dispersant on the particle surface.     

氧化铁-水悬浮液的流变性研究

应用DV-Ⅲ+型可编程流变仪测定了三氧化二铁-水悬浮液的流变特性。考察因素包括颗粒浓度、pH值以及分散剂用量。结果表明,悬浮液在测定范围内表现出宾汉流体的特征。表观粘度随颗粒浓度的增大显著增加,其模型可用本文提出的三阶多项式模型表示。悬浮液的表观粘度受pH值的影响,pH在等电点处时,溶液的流动性最差;pH低于等电点时的粘度比pH高于等电点时要明显降低。这些现象可用颗粒的空间结构化理论及凝聚原理予以解释。改善悬浮液流动性的分散剂添加量存在最佳点。     

Effect of pH on the properties of barium titanate slurries with an aniomic dispersant

The colloidal stability of barium titanate (BT) aqueous suspensions with poly(acrylamide/4‐carboxylamino‐4‐oxo‐2‐butenate) (PAAM/COB) at pH 7, 9, and 12 has been investigated by means of ζ potential, adsorption, sedimentation, and particle size measurements. The isoelectric point of BT powder is at pH 4.6 and the value of ζ potential decreases as the pH of suspensions increases. The adsorption of PAAM/COB onto BT particles follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The saturated amount of adsorbed polymer decreases with increasing pH. In general, BT particles in basic solutions with PAAM/COB are more stabilized, and less agglomerated than those without any dispersant present. As pH is increased, the resulting ζ potential becomes more negative, although lower polymer concentration is required for monolayer coverage of particle surface. Consequently, the resulting suspensions become more stabilized, and contain powder with smaller particle size. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1082–1088, 2006     

Roles of polymeric dispersant charge density on lead zirconate titanate aqueous processing

Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) (PACM) were used as dispersants in preparation of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) aqueous suspensions. The effects of dispersant structure on particle stabilization were investigated through properties of the suspensions. Viscosity and sedimentation height measurements showed that addition of the dispersants improved particle stabilization. The dispersant concentrations to obtain the lowest viscosity were 0.4 wt% for PAA and 0.2 wt% for PACM based on powder dried weight basis. Furthermore, effects of pH were studied on the suspensions prepared with 0.2 wt% dispersants. Viscosity and sedimentation behaviors indicated the improvements of particle dispersion and suspension stability with an increasing pH. Particle dispersion revealed by laser light scattering and scanning electron microscopy supported an improvement of particle dispersion at alkaline pHs. Detailed analysis of these data indicated that the PACM exhibited higher dispersant efficiency for PZT aqueous suspension in all conditions. The results were discussed based on the concentrations of anionic –COO^? groups at various pHs and charge density along polymeric backbone of the dispersants.     

超声化学法制备高纯钛酸钡的工艺研究

以氯化钡和钛酸丁酯为原料,采用超声化学法制备高纯钛酸钡（BaTiO3）粉体。利用X衍射分析、扫描探针、激光粒度仪等检测方法对样品进行表征。研究超声化学法制备高纯钛酸钡的方法和影响因素,对比研究了超声化学法与传统化学沉淀法制备对粉体粒度的影响。结果表明,将反应的pH控制在3左右,反应物的n（钡）/n（钛）控制在1∶（1～1.02）时,超声化学法制备的钛酸钡为立方相,且为均匀的球形,粒度为100 nm,纯度为99.82%。     

The rheological behavior and surface charging of gelcasting alumina suspensions

Aim of this work is to investigate the effect of monomers containing either carboxylate (ammonium acrylate) or acrylamide (hydroxymethylacrylamide) functional groups on the surface charging and rheological behavior of alumina suspensions. The rheological behavior was investigated by changing the concentrations of dispersant (ammonium polyacrylate) and monomers in the suspensions. The zeta potential of alumina suspensions containing each of the different monomers was measured as a function of dispersant additions. The suspension rheological behavior varied significantly depending on the monomer type, which could be explained in terms of repulsive forces, pH changes and additive interactions.     

Colloidal Processing of a Very Fine BaTiO3 Powder—Effect of Particle Interactions on the Suspension Properties, Consolidation, and Sintering Behavior

The relation between the suspension state and the rheological properties, the consolidation, and packing of a very fine (nanosized) BaTiO₃ powder has been investigated. The BaTiO₃ powder was suspended in a nonaqueous medium by adsorbing fatty acids and a polymeric dispersant, poly(12-hydroxy stearic acid), (PHS), at the BaTiO₃/decane interface. Calculated interparticle energies imply that the suspension with PHS adsorbed is colloidally stable, while the suspensions with oleic and octanoic acid can be characterized as weakly and strongly flocculated, respectively. Analysis of settling experiments and rheological measurements at high concentrations confirmed these characteristics. Pressure filtration resulted in nearly identical green body densities in spite of the differences in colloidal properties, but the preliminary sintering experiments and microstructural characterization showed that the strongly flocculated suspension displays a significantly retarded sinterability compared to the colloidally stable and the weakly flocculated suspensions. The absence of a correlation between green density and sintering behavior was explained by considering both the volume taken by the adsorbed fatty acids and the PHS polymer—which can be substantial for nanosized powders—and the state of the suspension. While a decrease in the thickness of adsorbed surfactant or polymer layer will enable a higher particle packing density, such a thin adsorbed layer results in a more strongly flocculated suspension which will resist dense packing. Hence, it is suggested that the green bodies of the colloidally stable and the weakly flocculated suspensions correspond to a relatively homogeneous, but loosely packed, green body microstructure. The strongly flocculated suspension results in a green body with a more inhomogeneous microstructure.