新型液排渣燃烧器内燃烧特性的数值模拟

通过数值模拟的方式,研究了新型液排渣燃烧器在不同过量空气系数下的速度、温度以及组分浓度的分布情况.结果表明,在较小的过量空气系数(α=0.7,0.8)时,煤的燃尽情况较差;α≥1.0时,煤粉燃烧更完全,但却不利于氮氧化物的控制.采用分级燃烧的方式,控制燃烧器内为欠氧燃烧(取α=0.9)以降低局部氧浓度,既能达到液态排渣要求,又可抑制NOx的生成,并在高温烟气进入炉膛降温之后再补充燃尽风,使得可燃成分在炉膛内再次燃烧,提高燃尽率.通过模拟与实验相结合的方式,对燃烧器进行三种不同负荷下的热态实验研究,该燃烧器负荷适应性好,模拟结果与实验结果相吻合.     

半焦空气分级燃烧NOx排放试验研究

半焦是低阶煤经低温热解后的产物,其中半焦粉与煤粉工业锅炉常用煤种烟煤相比价格低廉。若能将半焦粉用作煤粉工业锅炉的燃料,既可拓宽煤粉工业锅炉的适用燃料范围,又可增强煤粉工业锅炉的市场竞争力。由于半焦挥发分低、固定碳高,实现其着火和稳定燃烧需要更高的温度,同时,降低NOx初始排放也是一个技术难题。为了实现半焦在煤粉工业锅炉中的稳定燃烧及NOx排放的降低,采用两段式滴管炉开展半焦空气分级燃烧NOx排放规律研究。笔者对半焦空气不分级燃烧NOx排放规律进行了研究,主要探究了主燃区温度(1 000~1 400℃)及过量空气系数的影响,为后续空气分级燃烧降低NOx的效果提供对比依据。半焦空气分级燃烧试验主要研究了主燃区温度(1 000~1 400℃)及二次风比例(0.4~0.8)的影响,并从燃尽率、NOx减少比例、灰样微观孔隙和形貌等方面进行论证,试验结果表明,在空气不分级燃烧条件下,即燃尽风配风比例为0时,随着主燃区温度升高,NOx排放浓度随之迅速升高;随着过量空气系数增加,NOx浓度先迅速增加,过量空气系数大于1.15时,NOx浓度增速变缓;在空气分级燃烧中,相同主燃区温度条件下,二次风比例由高到低变化时,NOx排放呈先迅速下降后缓慢回升的变化趋势,燃尽率先快速升高而后趋于平缓。二次风比例为0.56时(即燃尽风率为0.39),燃尽率达90%,NOx排放浓度降至最低,为120 mg/m^3以下,此时是试验条件下的最佳二次风比例。     

Experimental investigation on NOx emission and carbon burnout from a radially biased pulverized coal whirl burner

Experiments have been performed on 1 MW pulverized coal (pc) furnace in order to investigate the characteristics of coal combustion and NO_x emission from a new type of radially biased dual register whirl burner. The burner is characterized by a primary air pipe with a continuously changing cross-section and an impact ring. The mixture of pulverized coal and air inside the primary pipe is split into two streams, which are the outer pc rich annular jet and the inner pc lean annular jet respectively. Three Chinese coals, which are high rank bituminous coal, low rank bituminous coal and meager coal respectively, are used in the experiments. We examine the influences of various parameters such as the relative position of the over-fire air (OFA) nozzle, over-fire air ratio (19.1%), primary air ratio, inner secondary air ratio, outer secondary air ratio, inner secondary air swirling intensity, and outer secondary air swirling intensity on NO_x formation and unburned carbon in fly ash. With the primary air ratio increasing from 13.4% to 23.4%, the value of the NO_x emission of the SH coal decreases by 26.7% at first, and then increases by 21.7%. In contrast, the value of the carbon in fly ash (C_FA) increases by 40.1% at first, and then decreases by 58.3%.According to the experimental results, the influence of each individual parameter on NO_x formation and unburned carbon in fly ash agrees well with the existing literature. In this study, the influences of various combinations of these parameters are also examined, thus providing some reference for the design of the radial biased whirl burner, the configuration of the furnace and the distribution of the air.     

煤粉锅炉炉膛燃烧一维数学模型的研究

为了有效地进行直流煤粉多相流动与燃烧数值模拟,实现煤粉低NOx燃烧,本文在连续介质模型的框架中建立了综合考虑气—固两相流流动、燃烧与传热的直流煤粉燃烧一维数学模型。应用这一模型对一维煤粉炉炉膛内煤粉燃烧和气体燃烧的数值计算表明,该模型可快速有效地用于模拟直流煤粉多相流动与燃烧过程,给出炉内温度、NOx分布等主要参数。     

两段式滴管内烟煤富氧空气分级燃烧NOx排放特性研究

随着我国对大气污染物排放监管力度的日益严格,NOx控制技术已广泛应用于工业生产的各个领域。作为一种直接、简便的NOx排放控制技术,富氧空气燃烧技术已经出现在燃气锅炉和内燃发动机等行业,然而在燃煤锅炉行业中却鲜有应用。为了验证富氧空气燃烧技术在煤粉工业锅炉中的NOx减排效果,笔者以神府烟煤作为燃料,利用两段式滴管炉试验系统模拟煤粉在锅炉内燃烧的实际情况,采用热态试验方法,研究了烟煤富氧空气分级燃烧的NOx排放特性,并与单级供风、空气分级燃烧2种燃烧方式下的NOx排放情况进行对比。考察了主燃区温度、二次风配比(以主燃区过量氧气系数表示)、二次风氧浓度等关键因素对NOx排放的影响。结果表明:富氧空气分级燃烧的NOx排放显著低于单级供风燃烧,同时也低于空气分级燃烧的NOx排放。主燃区温度为1 300~1 500℃时,富氧空气分级燃烧的NOx排放减少比例比分级配风燃烧提高了6~12个百分点;富氧空气分级燃烧条件下,随主燃区温度升高,煤粉燃烧更加充分,燃料中N元素分解成NHi、HCN等大量中间产物,使主燃区气氛的还原性增强,被还原的NOx比例增加。因此,NOx排放降低且NOx排放减少比例呈现上升趋势;富氧空气分级燃烧的二次风配比对NOx排放具有显著影响,随着主燃区过量氧气系数的升高,NOx排放均呈现先降低后升高的趋势。因此存在最佳二次风配比,使NOx排放浓度最低。主燃区温度为1 300℃时,最佳主燃区过量氧气系数约为0.58;主燃区温度为1 500℃时,最佳主燃区过量氧气系数约为0.55;在主燃区过量空气系数给定的条件下,提高二次风氧浓度可以延长煤粉颗粒在主燃区的停留时间,并在煤粉颗粒表面形成局部富氧环境,促进煤粉充分燃烧,从而增强主燃区气氛的还原性,降低NOx的生成。因此,当二次风氧浓度为21%~31%时,NOx排放随二次风氧含量的升高而降低。随着二次风氧浓度的逐渐升高,NOx排放的降低趋势逐渐放缓。     

风速对骨料烘干煤粉燃烧器排放特性的影响

基于煤粉燃烧机理,结合骨料烘干工艺,建立了骨料烘干煤粉燃烧器内部场的控制模型,采用Fluent软件模拟煤粉燃烧器内部燃烧状况,考察了一、二、三次风的风速对煤粉燃烧器中心轴线处CO, CO2, NO和SO2浓度的影响。结果表明,在研究的风速范围内,一、二、三次风风速越大燃烧越充分,一、二、三次风风速越小,产生的NO越少;三次风风速为40 m/s时,SO2浓度最低;较合理的控制参数为一次风风速30~35 m/s,二次风风速45~50 m/s,三次风风速30~40 m/s。     

A three-dimensional numerical study of the combustion of coal blends in blast furnace

The practice of blending coals for pulverized coal combustion is widely used in ironmaking blast furnace. It is desirable to characterize the combustion behaviour of coal blends and their component coals. A three-dimensional numerical model is described to simulate the flow and combustion of binary coal blends under simplified blast furnace conditions. The model is validated against the experimental results from a pilot-scale combustion test rig for a range of conditions, which features an inclined co-axial lance. The overall performance of coal blend and the individual behaviours of their component coals are analysed, with special reference to the influences of particle size and coal type. The synergistic effect of coal blending on overall burnout is examined. The results show that the interactions between component coals, in terms of particle temperature and volatile content, are responsible for the synergistic effect. Such synergistic effect can be optimized by adjusting the blending fraction. The model provides an effective tool for the design of coal blends.     

回转窑二次风富氧燃烧的数值模拟

针对一实际尺寸的回转窑建立模型，分别进行了空气助燃(21% O2)和二次风富氧(23% O2)燃烧的数值模拟研究。结果表明，二次风富氧后，高温区覆盖形状没有明显变化，仍呈“棒槌状”；在回转窑前端，煤粉挥发分与焦炭燃烧速度加快，整体温度有所提升，最高温度由2386 K增至2427 K，壁面所接收的辐射量得到了提升；但NOx的生成量也大幅度提高，其中出口处NOx由247 mg/m3增至367 mg/m3。考虑到制氧成本问题及NOx排放问题，在二次风中进行富氧燃烧的总体效果不够理想。     

高速煤粉燃烧器内燃烧特性数值模拟及结构优化

高速煤粉燃烧器火焰喷射速度高达60~200 m/s,炉膛内火焰较长,对流换热比例提高,使得炉膛内温度分布均匀,没有传统低速煤粉燃烧器火焰短,炉膛内局部过热和结焦等缺点。笔者以14 MW高速煤粉燃烧器为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法,研究旋流强度、二次风温度等关键参数对燃烧器内煤粉燃烧的影响,针对燃烧器内煤粉燃烧特点进行结构优化设计。对旋流强度研究结果表明,当旋流强度S=2.2、2.8、3.2及3.7时,燃烧器内回流区形状变化不大,从一次风喷口开始到旋流叶片位置结束,回流区环绕一次风管;最大回流量在一次风喷口附近,距离一次风喷口越远,回流量越小;旋流强度对一次风喷口附近最大回流量影响不大,喷口附近最大回流量均在0.45 kg/s左右,当距喷口超过一定距离(L/H<0.35)时,旋流强度对回流量的影响开始变得明显,表现为旋流强度越大,回流区末端回流量越大,回流区末端回流量最大为0.30 kg/s,最小为0.17 kg/s。研究燃烧器喷口处燃烧状态表明,喷口处火焰旋流强度为0.10~0.28,与入口旋流强度正相关,火焰喷射速度150 m/s,为中等旋流强度的高速旋流火焰;喷口中心区可燃性组分富集,缺氧,燃料和氧气分层分布。当旋流强度提高,喷口中心区可燃性组分浓度降低,CO浓度从11%降低到10%,H2浓度从1.65%降低到1.40%,焦炭浓度从0. 14%降低到0. 11%,喷口边缘O2浓度从13%降低到10%。旋流强度S=3.2和S=3.7时可燃组分和氧气浓度分布变化较小,说明旋流强度提高对燃烧的影响减弱。考察0、100和200℃下二次风温度对燃烧的影响,结果表明,当二次风温度提高,煤粉在燃烧器内的反应时间有所降低,从0.15 s降低到0.11 s,但燃烧器内的煤粉碳转化率提高20%,达到65%。对燃烧器结构进行优化,加入中心风,对比中心风直流和旋流与不加中心风3种状态,结果表明,加入旋流中心风和直流中心风后喷口中心区半径r≤75 mm范围内可燃组分浓度降低,采用直流时由于气流刚性较强,喷口中心区氧气浓度升高,采用旋流中心风对中心区氧浓度影响弱,对可燃组分浓度降低效果优于直流中心风。     

煤粉工业锅炉燃烧器研究进展

燃烧器作为煤粉燃烧技术核心关键设备,主要作用是将燃料与空气合理混合,使燃料稳定着火并形成某种流场以利于后续完全燃烧。实现安全节能环保燃烧,必须根据燃料的特性,选择合理的燃烧器类型及布置形式。因此,本文介绍了国内外几种典型的旋流燃烧器的分类及其特点,并总结了旋流燃烧器的发展趋势。     

Numerical simulation on optimization of structure and operating parameters of a novel lean coal decoupling burner

Due to its low volatile characteristics of lean coal, it is difficult to catch fire and burn out. Therefore, high temperature is needed to maintain combustion efficiency, while, this leads to high nitrogen oxide emission. For power plant boilers burning lean coal, stable combustion with lower nitrogen oxide emission is a challenging task. This study applied the 3D numerical simulation on the analysis of a novel de-coupling burner for low-volatile coal and its structure and operation parameters optimization. Results indicate that although it was more difficult for lean coal decoupling burner to ignite lean coal than high volatile coal, the burner formed a stepwise ignition trend, which promoted the rapid ignition of lean coal. Comparison of three central partition plate structure shows that in terms of characteristics of the flow field distribution, rich and lean separation and combustion, the structure with an inclination of 0° showed good performance, with its rich-lean air ratio being 0.85 and concentration ratio being 22.94, and there was an apparent decoupling combustion characteristic. Finally, the structure of the selected burner was optimized for its operational conditions. The optimal operating parameters was determined as the primary air velocity of 24.9 m·s⁻¹ and the mass flow rate of pulverized coal of 2.5 kg·s⁻¹, in which the pyrolysis products were utilized as reductive agent more fully. Eventually, the nitrogen oxide was efficiently reduced to nitrogen, which emission concentration was 61.88% lower than that in the design condition.     

中国煤的燃烧和NOx排放特性研究

Seven Chinese coals ranking from anthracite to sub-bituminous from the Shanxi province were selected for study to forecast the combustion and NOx emission behavior.Three UK,one Indonesia and one South Africa coal was included in the study for reference.A flat flame-turbulent jet apparatus was employed to assess flame stability,ignition performance and NOx emission behavior for the initial stage of devolatilization and combustion. This apparatus can simulate particle heating rates,maximum temperatures and the influence of the turbulent fluid interactionson the fate of volatiles.To simulate processes occurring over longer residence time, additional devolatilization experiments were performed in a drop tube furnace.Char reactivity was studied through thermogravimetric analysis.Finally,fouling propensity was studied with the aid of a purpose-built laboratory combustor that enabled the characteristics of the ash deposit to be assessed empirically.The results show that Chinese coals do not appear to possess unusual features in respect of NOx formation,flame stability and ignition,char burnout and ash slagging.The range of coals available in China appears sufficiently broad that suits all requirements.In particular,Shenfu coal,with its initial fast devolatilization and nitrogen release rates and its low initial nitrogen content and high char reactivity,will perform well when fired in industrial boilers as far as NOx emission,flame stability and combustion efficiency are concerned.Pingshuo coal exhibits high char reactivity and an attractive slagging performance suggesting that this fuel represents a good compromise between NOx emission and overall plant efficiency.     

新型低氮燃气分级燃烧器燃烧特性和NOx排放的CFD研究

应用CFD软件Fluent数值模拟了某二甲苯塔再沸炉在役油气联合燃烧器燃烧和NOx排放特性,分析了其NOx排放浓度较高的原因,提出了新型低NOx燃气分级燃烧器的改造方案,并数值模拟了新型燃烧器空气预热温度Tair、过剩空气系数α和主辅喷枪燃气质量分率Rp对辐射室壁面热通量、出口温度、火焰高度和炉膛出口NOx排放浓度的影响。针对在役燃烧器的模拟结果与现场运行数据吻合良好,说明所选模型能够正确模拟炉膛内部的流动、辐射、燃烧和NOx生成过程。新型燃烧器模拟结果表明,增加Tair会增加辐射壁面热通量,同时也会增加NO的排放;辐射壁面热通量随α增加而降低,NOx排放浓度随α增加而增加;Rp对炉内传热和NOx排放的影响并不明显。当Tair = 220℃、α = 1.05及Rp= 0.24时,新型燃烧器在模拟范围内达到最佳运行工况,辐射壁热通量为37.45kW/m2,NOx排放浓度为12.1μL/L。     

煤粉富氧燃烧着火温度预测的优化随机森林(GA-RF)模型

二氧化碳排放是造成温室效应的主要原因之一,富氧燃烧作为一种有效的碳减排与封存技术具有广泛的研究前景。在燃煤电厂中煤粉富氧燃烧的着火温度是燃烧器设计和运行安全的重要指标,并且与煤粉组成成分、煤粉粒径以及燃烧氛围都有复杂的相关性。因此,对煤粉富氧燃烧着火温度的预测模型研究意义重大。采用滴管炉分别测量了5种煤粉在O2体积分数为30%、35%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、100%富氧条件下的着火温度,分析了氧气体积分数和煤粉的组成成分与着火温度之间的关系。研究发现,随着氧气体积分数分数的增加,5种煤样的着火温度均显著下降,且挥发分越高的煤,下降幅度越大。将45组试验着火温度数据与其他研究者采用同样方法测得的69组着火温度数据组成机器学习样品库,以煤粉的元素分析、工业分析、煤粉粒径及氧气体积分数为输入条件,以着火温度T为目标输出,构建了遗传算法优化的随机森林模型(GA-RF模型),准确预报了煤粉富氧燃烧的着火温度,其预报精度为:R2>0.99,RMSE<16,MAE<8。通过模型参数重要性分析发现,氢组分超过5%后,着火温度出现阶跃式上升,现有煤粉着火数据也证实了该现象。     

基于EDM、PDF和FR/ED模型的煤粉燃烧过程适应性研究

还原气氛下煤粉反应过程兼具燃烧和气化的特点,是煤粉实现低氮燃烧的关键因素,合适的化学反应模型是准确模拟该过程的基础。笔者基于煤粉双锥燃烧器,对比了EDM模型、PDF模型和FR/ED模型在氧化气氛和还原气氛的模拟结果,通过与试验结果的对比验证,确定了不同反应气氛适合的化学反应模型。研究结果表明,3种模型在煤粉着火位置和逆喷传播距离的预测上存在差别,PDF模型起火点更靠近燃烧器逆喷喷口,EDM模型一次风和煤粉喷出经过一段升温过程后逐渐燃烧,FR/ED模型的升温过程更长,壁面低温区域接近前锥长度一半;使用FR/ED模型模拟时燃烧器内平均温度最高,EDM模型次之,PDF模型最低;EDM模型中未考虑CO反应,燃烧器内基本无CO存在,PDF模型高CO浓度区域集中在煤粉燃烧初期,燃烧器出口CO含量较低,FR/ED模型化学反应动力学参数在煤粉燃烧整个区域内均有较高CO浓度存在。由于考虑了焦炭与氧气气化反应的影响,FR/ED模型模拟燃烧器内氧含量明显低于EDM和PDF模型,当过量空气系数为1.2时,燃烧器出口处氧含量为7.0%,明显低于EDM模型的11.1%和PDF模型的12.0%,燃烧器出口处CO含量为3.5%,明显高于EDM(0)和PDF模型(0.8%);过量空气系数为0.5时,EDM模型对CO成分的预测结果偏差较大,燃烧器出口CO浓度为0.05%,采用PDF和FR/ED模型时燃烧器出口CO含量分别为5.73%和10.7%。从模拟结果与试验结果的对比来看,在氧化气氛下,主要发生煤粉的燃烧反应,EDM模型和PDF模型在温度、CO含量上的预测较为准确,与试验数据偏差较小,FR/ED模型偏差较大;在还原性气氛下,EDM模型模拟的结果几乎不生成CO和H2,并不适合还原性气氛,PDF模型和FR/ED模型有较合理的还原气氛模拟结果,两者的差别在于还原性气体的生成位置,PDF模型喷口位置CO浓度较高,出口浓度偏低,FR/ED模型随着煤粉反应流程的进行,CO浓度逐渐升高,出口浓度更接近试验结果。综合考虑,氧化气氛下双锥燃烧器适合采用EDM模型和PDF模型进行模拟,还原气氛下适合采用FR/ED模型进行模拟。     

Performance of a sonic burner system firing coal-oil mixtures

The development of coal—oil mixture technology is progressing at an accelerated rate and the aim of this work has been the development of a new burner system (termed the sonic burner) to increase lignite loadings in air-atomizing burner systems. The burner system developed incorporates a sonic velocity at the atomizing air throat and a fuel oil gun with a single, relatively large opening at its exit. Lignite loadings with No. 6 fuel oil have reached 60.0 wt%. The flame produced at these loadings was stable, compact and characteristic of a No. 6 fuel oil flame. Fuel line plugging did not occur at these high lignite loadings; however, pumping problems did preclude increased lignite loadings. Results of this study are directly applicable to higher rank coals. Although feasible from a combustion viewpoint, no inference should be made from these results concerning erosion, ash deposition, particulate control or pollution characteristics, the work reported being based solely on combustion characteristics.     

煤粉工业锅炉技术发展及应用

中国煤粉工业锅炉借鉴油气锅炉和德国煤粉工业锅炉技术理念,经历立项研发、中试验证和工业示范,系统技术逐步成熟,自2010年起,实现规模化工业应用。煤粉工业锅炉系统具有高热效率、低烟气污染物排放等优点,有效带动了燃煤工业锅炉产业发展。笔者论述了煤粉工业锅炉技术与发展,重点介绍了煤粉工业锅炉的关键技术,并对主要技术进行对比,分析了煤粉工业锅炉的工业应用情况,最后提出了煤粉工业锅炉技术发展方向。煤粉工业锅炉系统由燃料煤粉生产、储供、油气点火、燃烧、锅炉本体、烟气净化以及自动化控制等系统构成。锅炉热效率大于91%,烟气污染物达到国家超低排放标准,系统技术符合国家煤炭清洁利用方向。燃料煤粉生产采用一步法工艺,通过强化流动性和安全措施,现可实现最大为1 000 m^3安全存储量。锅炉供粉采用气动活化、无脉动给料及高速引射流浓相输送技术,已实现输送阻力低于20 kPa,粉风固气比大于2.5 kg/m^3,供料精度在±3.0%以内,最大供料量为5 t/h的浓相供料技术与装备,广泛应用于锅炉供料系统。供料量在2.5 t/h,供料精度在±2.0%和±1.0%以内的第三代和第四代供料器也分别开展了工业验证和样机的试制工作,并取得了阶段性的成果。煤粉燃烧器采用逆喷式回流式结构,设计工作依据其结构特征,通过模拟气流扩展角、回流区域范围、回流量、旋流强度以及温度和速度场等研究开展,再经过实际工程应用,进一步验证优化设计参数,最终实现燃烧器的逐级放大。天然气/煤粉双燃料燃烧器具有便捷切换和快速着火功能。风冷燃烧器采用内外双级旋流供风燃烧技术,具有点火迅速、燃烧稳定、燃烧效率高和初始NOx排放低等优点。随着煤粉锅炉系统测控技术向智能化、网络化和集成化方向发展。锅炉烟气脱硫除尘采用NGD高倍率灰钙循环脱硫技术,具有占地小,运行成本低等特点,在低钙硫摩尔比下,系统脱硫和除尘效率分别达到90%和99.95%以上。低温炭基预氧化脱硝耦合NGD协同烟气净化技术具有工艺简单,耗水少,废物资源再利用,无二次污染产生等优点,更加适合于煤粉工业锅炉的烟气净化。煤粉工业锅炉在发展历程中通过关键技术和装备优化升级,在大型化、模块化和系列化方向已取得成效,在节能性、环保性和经济性等方面较常规工业锅炉具有显著优势,技术已达到世界先进水平。未来随着国家能源结构优化,天然气/煤粉锅炉、低氮燃烧、生物质复合半焦粉及协同化烟气净化等技术的开发与成熟,煤粉工业锅炉技术将成为煤炭清洁燃烧利用主要技术之一。     

煤粉锅炉新型钝体燃烧器研究

燃烧器是锅炉燃烧系统的重要组成部分,针对湖南金信公司4'煤粉锅炉出现的燃烧不稳、不能负压运行、锅炉容易熄火、渣可燃物含量高等问题进行了分析,选择钝体燃烧器来代替普通直流燃烧器,设计出了一种新型钝体燃烧器,运行结果表明,飞灰含碳量Cfh=13.6%,较改前降低了5.4%,锅炉效率从76.74%提高到80.54%.该燃烧器具有较强的稳燃和负荷调节能力等优越性能,具有较好经济效益并有推广应用价值.     

Numerical analysis of pulverized coal combustion characteristics using advanced low-NOx burner

A three-dimensional numerical simulation is applied to a pulverized coal combustion field in a test furnace equipped with an advanced low-NO_x burner called CI-α burner, and the detailed combustion characteristics are investigated. In addition, the validities of the existing NO_x formation and reduction models are examined. The results show that a recirculation flow is formed in the high-gas-temperature region near the CI-α burner outlet, and this lengthens the residence time of coal particles in this high-temperature region, promotes the evolution of volatile matter and the progress of char reaction, and produces an extremely low-O₂ region for effective NO reduction. It is also found that, by lessening the effect of NO reduction in Levy et al.'s model and taking the NO formation from char N into account, the accuracy of the NO prediction is improved. The efficiency factor of the conversion of char N to NO affects the total NO concentration downstream after the injection of staged combustion air.     

富氧气氛下煤粉燃烧及动力学特性的实验研究

采用综合热分析仪研究了两种煤粉在三种不同粒径范围下氧浓度对其燃烧特性参数的影响,并计算得到各工况下的动力学参数.结果表明,随着氧浓度增加,燃烧DTG曲线向低温区移动,着火及燃尽温度降低,燃尽时间缩短,综合燃烧指数明显提高,燃烧特性得到改善,尤其对粒径较大的煤粉改善更为明显;煤粉燃烧反应低温段的反应活化能和频率因子比高温段低,反应级数较小;不同氧浓度下,煤粉燃烧活化能和频率因子间存在动力学补偿效应.