PVP/PEO复合微纳米纤维的电纺性研究

采用聚乙烯毗咯烷酮/聚氧化乙烯/水(PVP/PEO/H2O)体系进行静电纺丝制备PVP/PEO复合微纳米纤维,研究了PVP/PEO共混溶液浓度、PVP相对分子质量及PVP:PE0(质量比)对PVP静电纺丝的影响.结果表明:当溶液质量分数增大到15%、PVP相对分子质量为1.3×106或PEO含量增大时,均可制得形貌清晰、表面光滑的微纳米纤维.当PVP/PEO溶液质量分数为12%、PVP相对分子质量为1.3 × 106及PVP:PE0(质量比)为8:2时,静电纺丝所得纤维形貌最佳.     

水性聚氨酯/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维的制备及结构研究

将水性聚氨酯(WPUR)与聚乙烯醇(PVAL)按照不同质量比制备质量分数为8%的纺丝溶液,通过静电纺丝制备WPUR/PVAL复合纳米纤维。运用扫描电子显微镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪对WPUR与PVAL质量比不同的纺丝溶液制备的复合纳米纤维的微观形貌和结构进行分析。实验结果表明,PVAL的含量对复合纳米纤维的形成和形貌起着决定性的作用,随着溶液中PVAL含量的增加,纺丝过程中纺丝液逐渐从不连续复合纳米纤维转变为连续均匀的复合纳米纤维,纤维直径逐渐增大,当纺丝液中WPUR与PVAL的质量比为30∶70时,得到的复合纳米纤维形貌最佳,其平均直径为330.8 nm,具有最小标准差,为22 nm,同时随着纺丝溶液中PVAL含量的增加,所得复合纳米纤维的结晶性能增强。     

溶液参数对静电纺丝PAN@PS复合纳米纤维形貌及结构的影响

采用同轴静电纺丝技术,以聚丙烯腈(PAN)溶液为核层、聚苯乙烯(PS)溶液为壳层,制备了PAN@PS复合纳米纤维。研究了纺丝液浓度、溶剂种类对PAN@PS复合纳米纤维形貌和结构的影响。结果表明:PS/四氢呋喃(THF)作为壳层溶液的复合纳米纤维(PAN@PS/THF)可获得相界面清晰的同轴纤维。随PS纺丝液浓度的增加,纤维的直径先增大后有所减小,整体呈现递增的趋势,当PS/THF质量分数为20%时,纤维直径约为693 nm且表面光滑。而以质量分数为20%的PS/二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为壳层溶液的复合纳米纤维(PAN@PS/DMF)直径有所增加且纤维表面凹凸不平,呈现双相连续的结构。因此,在静电纺丝过程中,可以通过改变纺丝液的参数来调节纤维的形貌和结构。     

静电纺丝制备PANi/PEO微/纳米纤维的研究

采用静电纺丝制备了PANi/PEO微/纳米纤维,研究了纺丝液中PANi/PEO的质量比、纺丝电压、注射流速和喷丝针头孔径对纤维形貌的影响.研究结果表明,PEO含量的增加不仅会增强纺丝液的成纤能力,也会增大纤维的平均直径;纺丝电压的提高有利于纤维的细化,但断丝现象也增强;纤维的平均直径随注射流速和喷丝头孔径的增大而增大.所制备出的PANi/PEO纤维直径分布为258～843 nm.     

静电纺丝技术合成SrMnO_3纳米纤维及结构表征（英文）

以四水乙酸锰和硝酸锶为原料,通过静电纺丝法制备了锰酸锶(SrMnO_3)/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)复合纳米纤维,在800℃下处理3 h,得到六方晶形结构的SrMnO_3纳米纤维,考察了PVP浓度对纤维结构的影响,并对纤维的结构与性能进行了表征。结果表明:PVP质量分数为8%时,SrMnO_3/PVP复合纤维表面光滑,均匀性好;热处理温度达700℃时,SrMnO_3/PVP复合纤维中PVP完全分解,原料全部转化为SrMnO_3,所得SrMnO_3纳米纤维直径为150~200 nm的六方晶形结构,且具有良好的纯度。     

生物高分子明胶纳米纤维膜的制备及其应用

利用电纺丝技术制备了明胶纳米纤维,系统考察了溶液浓度、电场强度、纺丝距离、喷丝口内径4种因素对纤维膜的形貌以及平均直径的影响;在此基础上,制备了具有较好力学性能的明胶-聚乙烯醇/溶菌酶复合纳米纤维膜,考察了其药物释放性能.结果表明,在上述几种工艺因素中,明胶的浓度对明胶纳米纤维的可纺性以及直径影响较大,当溶液浓度在7%-23%之间能获得连续纤维,并随着浓度的增大,纤维直径也随之增大.纺丝距离10cm、纺丝电压12.5kV是实验中获得连续纤维的临界工艺条件.药物释放结果发现明胶-聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维膜对溶菌酶的释放具有一定的缓释效果.     

PEI微孔纤维及PMMA/PEI复合纳米纤维的制备与表征

利用静电纺丝技术制备了具有微孔结构的聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)纳米纤维,在此基础上采用同轴共纺技术获得了有机玻璃/聚醚酰亚胺(PMMA/PEI)纳米复合纤维,考察了不同的纺丝工艺参数对PEI和PMMA/PEI纤维形貌的影响. 实验结果表明,在低浓度下单纺可获得直径0.05~0.5 mm的PEI微孔纳米纤维,使用同轴共纺技术能获得表面光滑的PMMA/PEI复合纳米纤维;经过4 MPa压置处理10 min的复合纳米纤维薄膜的拉伸强度随PEI含量的增加有所提升.     

柞蚕丝丝素/壳聚糖共混体系的静电纺丝研究

利用六氟异丙醇和三氟乙酸为溶剂,通过静电纺丝制备了不同共混比的柞蚕丝丝素(TSF)/壳聚糖(CS)纳米纤维。研究了TSF/CS共混比对纺丝液黏度、电导率和纤维形貌的影响。结果表明,TSF/CS共混液的电导率随CS含量的增加而增加;随着CS含量的增加(≤15%),共混液的黏度增加缓慢,纤维由转曲的扁平带状逐渐变为圆柱形且直径逐渐降低;当CS含量超过15%时,共混液的黏度随CS含量的增加而显著增大,纤维出现粗细两极分化现象。     

PVP/WPU复合电纺纤维膜的制备及其雾霾过滤性能研究

通过静电纺丝法制备了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/水性聚氨酯(PVP/WPU)复合纤维膜。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对该复合电纺纤维膜的形貌进行分析;利用PM sensor传感器测试过滤前后的空气颗粒物浓度,对复合纤维膜的过滤效率进行表征;通过孔隙率测试确定了PVP/WPU混合纺丝液的合理配比。结果表明:当混合纺丝液中PVP与WPU的质量分数均为7%时,可制得纤维笔直交错排列、形貌较好且孔隙率适中的复合电纺纤维膜,该纤维膜对雾霾空气中的小分子颗粒具有较高的过滤效率,其中对PM2.5和PM1.0的过滤效率分别比纯PVP膜提高了15.14%和20.05%。     

静电纺丝参数对莫来石纤维制备的影响研究

采用静电纺丝法制备出莫来石纤维,考察了纺丝电压、纺丝液流速和针头直径对莫来石纤维物相及微观形貌的影响。结果表明:当纺丝电压为12 KV,纤维中除莫来石相外,还存有少量γ-Al2O3相,纤维直径较粗,纺丝电压为15KV时,纤维中全部为莫来石相,直径较均匀,纺丝电压增加到18 KV时,莫来石纤维直径分布变宽。随着纺丝流速由1.0m L/h增加到1.6 m L/h时,莫来石纤维直径分布逐渐变宽。当纺丝针头直径分别为0.6 mm、0.8 mm和1.2 mm,纤维逐渐变粗,纤维直径分别为132 nm、213 nm和240 nm。     

聚乙烯醇纳米纤维膜的制备

采用静电纺丝方法制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)纳米纤维,探讨了工艺参数对纳米纤维形貌的影响,并对PVA纳米纤维膜进行热处理,研究了热处理时间与温度对纳米纤维膜力学性能的影响。研究表明:PVA质量分数在6%~10%区间内变化时,可得到直径分布较为均匀的纳米纤维;在其它条件相同时,随纺丝电压的升高,PVA纳米纤维的不匀增大;接收距离的改变对PVA纳米纤维的直径变化影响不大;随PVA质量分数的增加,纳米纤维膜的断裂强度和断裂伸长率逐渐增大;在热处理时间相同时,PVA纳米纤维膜的断裂强度随温度的升高而增大;处理温度相同时,随处理时间的延长,PVA纳米纤维膜的断裂强度变化不大。     

Influence of the processing parameters on needleless electrospinning from double ring slits spinneret using response surface methodology

Needleless electrospinning technology was an effective processing method which can fabricate large scale nanofibers. We first developed a novel double rings slit spinneret to overcome the shortcomings of current needleless electrospinning spinnerets. The solution of the flow rate was controlled accurately by peristaltic control pump. Response surface methodology was adopted to investigate the influence of the processing parameters on the morphology and diameter of nanofibers. The main spinning processing parameters comprised solution concentration, applied voltage, collection distance and solution flow rate. The analysis of variance was used to evaluate response surface reduced quadratic model for nanofiber diameter. The linear and quadratic coefficients were obtained. The morphology of nanofibers was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Effects of different processing parameters on the nanofiber mean diameter have been discussed. Predicated values have a good agreement with actual values for nanofiber diameter. Actual nanofiber diameter ranges from129.15 to 404.70 nm with different process parameters. Mechanical properties of nanofiber membrane have been investigated. High quality and high throughout nanofiber could be continuously produced. This novel needleless electrospinning spinneret has a great potential for large scale nanofibers production to promote electrospinning technology development. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46407.     

ZnO-TiO2纳米纤维的制备及亚甲基蓝的太阳光催化降解

以钛酸四丁酯〔Ti(OC4H9)4〕、硝酸锌和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法和静电纺丝法制备无机有机复合的PVP/ZnO-TiO2纤维,高温焙烧制得直径100～200 nm的ZnO-TiO2纳米纤维。通过差动-热重(DSC-TGA)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等进行了表征,并测定了其对亚甲基蓝溶液的太阳光催化性能。结果表明,w(ZnO)=3%时,ZnO-TiO2纳米纤维对亚甲基蓝催化活性最高,太阳光照射6 h后降解率达99.4%,重复使用8次降解率仍然在95%以上。     

Centrifugally spun silica (SiO2) nanofibers for high-temperature air filtration

In this study, silica-based nanofibers were produced via centrifugal spinning (C-spin) and subsequent calcination. The produced heat resistant media was challenged with NaCl nanoparticles to investigate their filtration performance. To obtain inorganic SiO₂ nanofibers, C-spun organic PVP–TEOS nanofibers were calcinated at 300–600?°C. Effects of solution concentration and calcination temperature on crystallinity, morphology and air filtration performance of nanofibers were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed to analyze fiber diameter and morphology of nanofibrous webs. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was realized for the thermal behavior of samples. Moreover, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) analysis were realized for further characterization. In addition to the chemical and morphological analysis, the ductility of the samples was investigated via tensile tests. Finally, calcinated webs were challenged with 0.4?μm salt particles to analyze their filtration performance. The calcinated 5?wt% TEOS/PVP silica nanofiber webs were more brittle due to three times lower precursor content. Therefore, flexibility (percent elongation) of 15?wt%TEOS/PVP sample was nearly five times higher than 5?wt%TEOS/PVP sample. The calcinated 15?wt%TEOS/PVP sample showed the highest filtration performance among all the silica nanofibers. The average fiber diameter of the optimized web was found to be the lowest, which is around 521?±?308?nm, which resulted in enhanced filtration efficiency around 75.89%.

Copyright © 2019 American Association for Aerosol Research     

静电纺特殊结构纳米纤维的研究现状

纳米级纤维具有优良的机械性能和高比表面积等特性。以静电纺特殊结构纳米纤维为研究对象,根据其表观形态分别介绍了一维特殊结构纳米纤维、二维特殊结构纳米纤维膜、三维结构纳米纤维气凝胶等,并阐述了各种结构的形成机理。总结了近年来国内外采用静电纺丝技术制备特殊结构纳米纤维的调控方法,如改变溶液性质(溶液浓度、黏度、表面张力、电导率等)、纺丝工艺参数(纺丝电压、流量、喷丝头、环境温湿度等)及后处理方式(高温煅烧、水热合成等)等。简要阐述了静电纺特殊结构纳米纤维的应用领域,并对其未来发展进行了展望。     

静电纺间位芳纶纳米纤维的制备工艺参数

通过静电纺丝方法,将氯化锂/N,N–二甲基乙酰胺(Li Cl/DMAc)溶解间位芳纶(PMIA)制备了PMIA纳米纤维,探索了溶液浓度、接收距离、纺丝电压及接收速度等工艺参数对纤维形貌及其直径分布的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜观察了PMIA纳米纤维形貌及应用Image-J软件测量统计了PMIA纤维直径。结果表明,溶液浓度为8%~10%、纺丝电压为16~18 k V、接收距离为15~20 cm,接收速度60~80 r/min的范围内,间位芳纶纳米纤维成型良好,直径分布范围为100~120 nm;PMIA纳米纤维直径随着溶液浓度的减小、静电电压的增加而减小,随着接收速度的增加纤维取向增加。     

含银PA6纳米纤维的制备及抗菌性能研究

以次磷酸钠还原硝酸银制得银溶胶,按不同比例加入到质量分数为12%的聚己内酰胺(PA6)/甲酸溶液中,通过静电纺丝制备含银PA6纳米纤维毡,分析了纤维的表面形貌和抗菌性能。结果表明:当纤维中银质量分数为0.1%时,PA6纳米纤维对大肠杆菌的抑菌率达95%以上。扫描电镜和原子力显微镜分析表明,含银PA6纳米纤维比PA6纳米纤维平均直径稍粗,直径分布更集中,纤维直径为80～100 nm,但其表面有明显的褶痕,粗细节较多,不如PA6纳米纤维光滑。     

PA6/LDPE/PE-g-MAH共混纳米纤维的制备及结构研究

采用共混海岛纺丝法制备聚酰胺6/低密度聚乙烯/聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐(PA6/LDPE/PE-g-MAH)共混纤维,溶解剥离出LDPE基体相,可制备出PA6纳米纤维;研究了共混物的组成和纺丝条件对共混纤维的相结构、结晶、力学性能及PA6纳米纤维直径的影响。结果表明:随着共混物中PA6分散相含量增加,PA6纳米纤维的直径逐渐增大;PA6质量分数从30%增加至60%时,PA6纳米纤维平均直径由107 nm增至149nm;PA6质量分数为70%时,由于相逆转无法得到PA6纳米纤维;在PA6质量分数为55%条件下,提高拉伸倍数,PA6纳米纤维的直径进一步降低,且结晶度、力学性能增加。     

Composite yarns fabricated from continuous needleless electrospun nanofibers

In this work, a spinning metal wire collector was employed to continuously collect polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers produced by a disc fiber generator and coil them around a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarn. The obtained composite yarns exhibited a core/shell structure (PET yarn/PAN nanofibers) with nanofibers orderly arranged on the surface of the PET yarn. The electric field analysis showed that the position of metal wire had insignificant effect on the formed electric field and high intensity electric field was formed at the disc circumferential area, which provided a constant electric field for the production of uniform nanofibers. The spinning solution, spinning speed of metal wire, and winding speed were found to play an important role in producing good quality nanofiber yarns, in terms of morphology, strength, and productivity. Pure nanofiber yarns were obtained after dissolving the core yarns in a proper solvent. This method has shown potential for the mass production of nanofiber yarns for industrial applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1495–1502, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Electrospinning silica/polyvinylpyrrolidone composite nanofibers

Small diameter nanofibers of silica and silica/polymer are produced by electrospinning silica/polyvinylpyrrolidone (SiO₂/PVP) mixtures composed of silica nanoparticles dispersed in polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions. By controlling various parameters, 380 ± 100 nm diameter composite nanofibers were obtained with a high silica concentration (57.14%). When the polymer concentration was low, “beads‐on‐a‐string” morphology resulted. Nanofiber morphology was affected by applied voltage and relative humidity. Tip‐to‐collector distance did not affect the nanofiber diameter or morphology, but it did affect the area and thickness of the mat. Heat treatment of the composite nanofibers at 200°C crosslinked the polymer yielding solvent‐resistant composite nanofibers, while heating at 465°C calcined and selectively removed the polymer from the composite. Crosslinking did not change the nanofiber diameter, while calcined nanofibers decreased in diameter (300 ± 90 nm) and increased in surface area to volume ratio. Nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40966.