萜烯低聚物环氧化反应的研究

萜烯低聚物是未被有效利用的工业副产品。本文研究在相转移催化条件下萜烯低聚物与过醋酸的环氧化反应。讨论影响环氧化反应的各种因素：催化剂种类和用量、溶剂、过醋酸的浓度和用量、反应温度和时间,得出较适宜的反应条件,为萜烯低聚物的利用开辟了一条途径。     

醋酸镁合成工艺的研究

研究了采用镁、醋酸直接反应合成醋酸镁工艺的可行性和反应条件.实验得出,用镁与醋酸反应可以制得无水醋酸镁.在实验条件下,镁与醋酸反应合成醋酸镁的适宜操作条件为:镁与醋酸的质量比为1:8、反应温度为50～120℃、醋酸滴加速率为1.25 mL/min左右、反应时间为2 h,不需要加入催化剂,需要进行快速搅拌.此时,醋酸镁的收率达82%以上.     

二甲醚与合成气制取二醋酸亚乙酯

以煤为原料合成醋酸乙烯具有成本低的优点,二醋酸亚乙酯(EDA)是合成醋酸乙烯的中间产物.在机械搅拌反应釜中,采用三碘化铑为主催化剂,碘化锂和碘甲烷为助催化剂,以二甲醚、CO和H2为原料合成二醋酸亚乙酯,考察了反应温度、二甲醚量、CO分压和H2分压对反应的影响,在反应温度180℃、CO分压2.2 MPa、H2分压2.2 MPa和二甲醚量0.05 mol的条件下反应8h,二甲醚转化率为60.00％,醋酸甲酯选择性为31.43％,二醋酸亚乙酯选择性为68.56％.研究结果表明,反应温度和原料配比对二甲醚转化率和EDA选择性影响较大,根据实验现象,研究了二甲醚与合成气制取二醋酸亚乙酯的反应机理.     

酯化乙醇和醋酸混合物生产氢解的酯原料

正专利披露了醇生产过程,即醋酸加氢反应得到醇和醋酸的混合物,酯化反应混合物生产酯化产品并减少酯化产品。混合物可以提供足够量的乙醇和醋酸用于酯化反应,减少了添加醋酸和/或乙醇的需     

食品补强剂醋酸钙的制备工艺研究

本文以鸡蛋壳为原料研究绿色合成食品补强剂醋酸钙的工艺。首先采用醋酸作为壳膜分离剂,通过考察分离剂用量和分离温度确定了最佳壳膜分离条件;然后将壳膜分离后的蛋壳粉与醋酸直接反应制备醋酸钙,通过考察反应温度、反应时间、配料比、加水量等因素确定直接法合成醋酸钙的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:分离剂用量为8 m L、分离温度为40℃时壳膜达到最佳分离效果;反应温度为25℃,反应时间为3 h,配料比为1:3.2,加水量为70 mL时醋酸钙的产率可达94.36%。     

反应精馏回收糠醛生产中产生的甲酸和醋酸

二步法甲酸/醋酸催化玉米芯生产糠醛工艺的水解过程会产生少量的醋酸和甲酸,因此水解液中醋酸和甲酸的质量分数不断增加。为了使糠醛生产中甲酸和醋酸质量分数适合工艺条件,文中采用反应精馏法回收该工艺中过量的醋酸和甲酸。分别考察了回流比、酸水进料流量、甲醇与醋酸进料摩尔比、醋酸质量分数和甲酸质量分数等因素对反应精馏回收甲酸和醋酸效果的影响。通过实验得出了适宜的工艺条件:对甲酸质量分数在0.5%以上、醋酸质量分数20%以下的水解液,酸水进料流量在9.0 mL/min、甲醇醋酸进料摩尔比为3∶1和回流比为5等条件下的处理效果最佳。最佳反应条件下对于醋酸质量分数为20%的水解液,醋酸转化率为50.4%,同时甲酸质量分数降低到0.5%。实验证明此方法在满足二步法生产糠醛工艺对水解液甲酸和醋酸质量分数的要求的同时,可回收过量的甲酸和醋酸。     

醋酸仲丁酯的合成工艺研究

以2-丁烯和醋酸为原料,通过探索催化剂、催化剂的用量,助催化剂以及用量、反应温度、反应时间、反应压力和原料的摩尔比对该反应体系的影响,发展了一条最佳的合成醋酸仲丁酯的工艺路线。在最佳工艺的基础上,对该反应进行了放大实验,结果醋酸的转化率为85.5%,生产出来的醋酸仲丁酯指纯度为98.2%。     

催化氢化法制备醋酸甲脒的研究

采用以活性炭为载体负载Pd、In制备的催化剂，在醋酸存在条件下，将氰胺加氢合成醋酸甲脒。考察了催化剂组成（Pd-In/C）、反应温度、氰胺和醋酸的物质的量的比对反应速率的影响。结果表明，最佳反应条件为温度10 ℃，氰胺和醋酸的物质的量的比1∶1.1～1∶1.2。催化剂回收处理后可重复使用8次。     

丁烯法合成醋酸仲丁酯催化剂及生产工艺探讨

筛选适合丁烯法合成醋酸仲丁酯反应的树脂催化剂,确定适合醋酸仲丁酯反应的工艺条件,介绍工业装置中不同工艺的差别和A、B、C三套工业装置的实际运行情况,指出醋酸仲丁酯行业的发展方向。结果表明,采用丹东明珠特种树脂有限公司生产的大孔磺酸型树脂A为催化剂,较佳的工艺条件为:空速1.0 h~(-1),压力1.5 MPa,酸烯物质的量比2∶1~3∶1,反应温度(70~90)℃。工业装置运行数据表明,在反应器数量相同、催化剂装填量和丁烯组成基本相似情况下,使用两种不同树脂催化剂,反应初期的反应温度降低,丁烯总转化率提高。使用两种不同树脂催化剂有利于降低装置能耗和提高单位产品产量。     

5-碘-2-甲基苯并咪唑的合成和工艺改进

文中阐述了由邻硝基苯胺经过卤化、还原和闭环三步合成5-碘-2-甲基苯并咪唑的新的反应工艺,并对工艺进行了优化。考察了碘化中I2和氧化剂H2O2的用量,还原阶段中催化剂Raney Ni的使用量、反应中压力的影响,以及闭环阶段催化剂醋酸的用量、反应时间、反应温度对反应收率的影响。通过研究,获得了最优工艺条件,在优化条件下总收率达到75.1%。     

Desorption of copper from a copper-chitosan complex

Chitoson, a high molecular weight polymer, has the ability to sorb metals and form chitosan-metal complexes. A complex using copper has been prepared and its desorption characteristics have been studied. The slow release of copper is of potential use in anti-fouling paints and therefore the desorption of copper has been studied under various environmental conditions. Desorption rates were high in distilled water but low in sea water, and after further comparative tests with commercial marine paints, it was concluded that copper-chitosan complexes are not as effective as the cuprous oxide anti-fouling agent currently used in marine paint formulations.     

Electrolytic reduction of p-nitroaniline to p-phenylenediamine

The depolarization of p-nitroaniline at a stationary cathode under different conditions has been studied. Results obtained with a copper cathode, in presence of 0.1% copper sulphate and on amalgamated copper cathode are reported. The product isolated has been confirmed as p-phenylenediamine.     

亚铬酸铜废催化剂回收铬盐和氧化铜的研究

采用氧化－钠化焙烧方法将亚铬酸铜废催化剂中的铬和铜综合回收,分离成铬盐和氧比铜;研究了铬转化率与焙烧温度、配碱量、返渣氧化铜的量等条件的关系。该方法已实现工业化生产。     

Impedance studies of copper electro-reduction on a disc-shaped ultramicroelectrode in industrial electrolytes

The electrodeposition of copper from industrial sulphate electrolytes has been studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on the gold disc ultramicroelectrode. The influence of dc potential E _dc , temperature, cupric ions and animal glue concentration on electrochemical impedances has been investigated. The mechanism of the copper electro-reduction process in industrial electrolytes has been proposed and experimental impedance data have been analyzed by proper equivalent circuits. According to our knowledge the faradaic and non-faradaic impedance parameters of the process on ultramicroelectrode’s have been estimated for the first time in complex matrix copper industrial electrolytes. The role of animal glue in copper industrial electrolytes has been discussed in the present paper.     

Copper Deposition and Formation of Nano-Particles

The cementation of copper ions from copper sulfate solution was studied using iron wire and iron powder. The influence of initial copper concentration has considerable effect on cumulative copper deposition. The copper deposition rate data could be interpreted by using shrinking core model. The effects of temperature and pH were substantial and have been studied and interpreted. The activation energy of the system within the temperature range of 23–54°C was found to be 14.23 (iron wire) and 30.20 kJ per mol (iron powder), respectively. The morphology of copper deposits studied showed that the reactions have the potential to produce particle sizes within nano range.     

亚硒酸—铜盐—磷酸体系钢铁常温发黑的研究

对亚硒酸－铜盐－磷酸体系钢铁常温发黑的配方及工艺进行了研究。筛选出了较为理想的配方。对影响常温发黑质量的各种因素进行了分析和探讨。实验结果表明,亚硒酸－铜盐－磷酸发黑体系较之常用的硒－铜体系在耐蚀方面有较明显的优点。     

Surface,microstructure and optical properties of copper-doped diamond-like carbon coating deposited in pulsed cathodic arc plasma

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating doped with copper has been deposited on silicon substrate by pulsed cathodic arc plasma using a composite cathode made of graphite with inserted copper rods. The surface morphology, microstructure and distribution patterns of elements in the coating and substrate have been studied by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microcopy, Raman spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that the studied coating is very well-adhered to the silicon substrate, with no microcracks, microvoids, localized delaminations or other defects being observed at the coating/substrate interface. It is also shown that the studied coating has layered microstructure and its surface is very smooth, however containing a few of nano-sized particle-like projections of copper oxide that seems to be a specific feature of all the pulsed methods used for deposition of DLC coatings doped with metals. The distribution patterns of elements in the microstructure of the studied coating are discussed. The relationship between refractive index of the coatings, and the intensity ratio of D and G peaks in the Raman spectrum has been established.     

Galvanostatic studies of the nucleation and growth kinetics of copper in the presence of surfactants

The initial and advanced stage of copper electrodeposition have been studied under galvanostatic conditions. The effect of different surface active compounds on the nucleation and growth kinetics has been examined. Data were obtained for the nucleation and growth parameters characterizing the electrochemical deposition of copper ions.     

纳米银包覆铜粉体的制备及其导电性能研究

利用水合肼还原制备出粒径分布均匀的铜纳米粉,并对其表面镀银的方法进行了探索。     

Copper and Iron Extraction from Nickel Sulfate Electrolytes Using Binary Extractants

The extraction of copper(II) and iron(III) from nickel sulfate electrolytes by means of solutions of binary extractants such as methyltrioctylammonium, tetraoctylammonium and trioctylammonium caprylates, 2-ethylheptylcarboxylates, and di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphates in toluene has been studied. It has been shown that an efficient copper extraction is observed in the systems with methyltrioctyl ammonium dialkyl carboxylate and caprylate, whereas methyltrioocylammonium, and tetraoctylammonium salts can be used to extract iron. The stripping of copper and iron can be carried out using dilute sulfuric acid solutions.