不锈钢作为给水材料在含Cl-水中的腐蚀行为

采用浸泡试验结合极化曲线以及电化学阻抗测试研究了304不锈钢在含不同浓度Cl-的水溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明引起304不锈钢产生明显点蚀的NaCl浓度为0.4%;随Cl-浓度和温度的升高,点蚀现象加重;点蚀电位与温度之间存在一线性关系;阻抗谱测试也显示出NaCl浓度大于0.4%后对钝化膜的破坏性显著增强。     

表面粗糙度对304不锈钢早期点蚀行为影响的电化学方法

采用动电位扫描、电化学阻抗谱和电化学噪声等方法研究了4种不同表面粗糙度304不锈钢电极在质量分数为3％的NaCl溶液中的早期腐蚀行为.随着不锈钢电极表面粗糙度的下降,304不锈钢自腐蚀电位与点蚀电位均有所上升;电荷转移电阻噪声电阻明显升高,而电位标准偏差与电流标准偏差则有所降低;粗糙度0.25μm的电极在阻抗谱低频区出...     

304不锈钢在硝酸环境中的腐蚀电化学行为

采用极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱研究了硝酸温度和含量对304不锈钢耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,在钝化电位下,304不锈钢在硝酸溶液中的阻抗呈现容抗特征,阻抗值达到104Ω·cm2,形成的钝化膜致密完整,随着温度的升高,阻抗值和相位角都减小,局部腐蚀加剧。高温和高含量均会促进钝化膜的溶解,进而加速304不锈钢在硝酸中的腐蚀。     

304L不锈钢焊接接头表面状态对其在硼酸溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

采用浸泡腐蚀试验和电化学试验,以及光学显微镜、扫描电镜、三维形貌测试仪等研究了304L不锈钢焊接接头表面状态对其在硼酸溶液中腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:打磨能够改善304L不锈钢焊接接头在硼酸水溶液中的耐蚀性,与未经打磨的焊接接头相比,经2 000号砂纸打磨后,焊接接头的腐蚀速率在整个浸泡过程中比较稳定,且远小于未经打磨焊接接头的;经40号砂纸打磨后焊接接头的表面粗糙度远大于机械抛光后焊接接头的,但前者的自腐蚀电位低于后者的,说明表面粗糙度越小耐蚀性越好。     

A508Ⅲ低合金钢在不同浓度硼酸溶液中的腐蚀与电化学行为

采用失重试验以及电化学测试研究了A508Ⅲ低合金钢在25℃下0.05～0.5 mol/L硼酸溶液中的腐蚀与电化学行为.A508Ⅲ钢在高浓度硼酸溶液中开路电位低于-500 mV(SCE),对应低电化学阻抗和高腐蚀速率.A508Ⅲ钢在低浓度硼酸溶液中的开路电位会出现三种状况:低于-500mY、大于-200mV和介于其间的中间电位,其中高开路电位对应高电化学阻抗,而低开路电位对应低电化学阻抗.A508Ⅲ钢在所测试的几种硼酸溶液中的阳极极化曲线与阴极极化曲线均在较宽的电位范围内表现出电位-电流线性关系,与溶液的低电导率有关.开路电位值以及相应的腐蚀速率结果与电位-pH图计算结果一致.     

表面电镀钯膜的316L不锈钢在高温稀硫酸/硫酸盐溶液中的耐蚀性

采用电化学极化与电化学阻抗谱及浸泡试验等方法,研究了316L不锈钢表面电镀钯膜在94℃的10%H2SO4+250g/L Na2SO4+16g/L ZnSO4溶液中的耐蚀性能。结果表明,电镀钯使不锈钢的腐蚀电位大幅提高700mV,促进了不锈钢表面的钝化,使其耐蚀性能得到明显提高。当体系中加入一定浓度的氯离子(100~1 000mg·L)后,镀钯试样的自腐蚀电位仍然处于316L不锈钢的钝化电位区间,阻抗值明显下降,其腐蚀速率比不锈钢试样的腐蚀速率显著下降,表明含氯条件下表面镀钯仍可明显提高不锈钢的耐蚀性能。     

304不锈钢在淡化海水中的点蚀行为

运用开路电位(OCP)、电化学阻抗(EIS)、阳极极化曲线和电化学频率调制(EFM)技术研究了304不锈钢在不同温度(60~90℃)及不同海水(一级反渗透淡化海水、天然海水、1.6倍浓缩海水)中的点蚀行为。结果表明,304不锈钢在一级反渗透淡化海水中随着温度的升高点蚀敏感性增加;在发生点蚀前的钝化状态下,304不锈钢在一级反渗透淡化海水中比在海水中腐蚀严重;304不锈钢的点蚀敏感性随Cl-浓度的升高而增加;304不锈钢在80℃下的一级反渗透淡化海水中随浸泡时间的延长,腐蚀速率逐渐增大,且在浸泡1 d时即出现点蚀的倾向,在第10 d时已经发生了点蚀。     

000Cr25Ni20奥氏体不锈钢在硝酸溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为

研究了000Cr25Ni20奥氏体不锈钢在不同温度和不同浓度硝酸中的腐蚀电化学行为,发现随着硝酸浓度和温度的升高,000Cr25Ni20不锈钢在溶液中的自腐蚀电位向过钝化区移动,钝化区范围变小。钝化电位下,000Cr25Ni20不锈钢的电化学阻抗谱呈容抗特征,容抗弧半径较大;同一外加钝化电位下硝酸浓度对阻抗谱的影响不明显;在钝化/过钝化过渡区,伴随晶间腐蚀的出现,阻抗谱在低频段出现感抗特征,随着钝化膜极化阻值的急剧减小,高频段的容抗半径大幅度减小。     

304不锈钢在稀盐酸中的电化学腐蚀行为

采用电化学阻抗谱、极化曲线等测量方法研究了304不锈钢在不同浓度、浸泡时间下的腐蚀电化学行为。测定结果表明:304不锈钢在浓度0.3 mol/L的盐酸溶液中阻抗谱出现两个时间常数,极化曲线中钝化区变窄,钝化膜破裂,其金属表面发生点蚀。随浸泡时间延长,不锈钢耐腐蚀性降低。     

海水拌和混凝土中不锈钢筋早期腐蚀电化学行为研究

目的 研究海水拌和混凝土中不锈钢筋早期腐蚀电化学行为,从而有效解决海水海砂混凝土中的钢筋腐蚀问题。方法 采用压滤法提取了海水拌和水泥浆体孔溶液,监测了孔溶液pH值和氯离子浓度随时间的变化,采用开路电位(OCP)、交流阻抗(EIS)等电化学方法,结合扫描电子显微镜SEM(EDS)、背散射(BSE)形貌观测手段研究了不锈钢筋腐蚀电化学行为,深入分析了不锈钢筋在海水拌合水泥浆体中的钝化动力学过程。结果 尽管在早期304和316L不锈钢筋电位降至负值,均低于−0.35 V,氯离子浓度达到0.7 mol/L,但并未发生活化腐蚀,均可以发生正常钝化现象,海水拌和水泥浆体中316L不锈钢极化阻抗相比对照组(非海水拌合样品)有提升,腐蚀速率更低。随着水泥水化过程的发展,腐蚀电流密度逐渐降低至较低水平,304不锈钢腐蚀电流密度约为0.014 μA/cm²,316L不锈钢电流密度低于0.006 μA/cm²,展现出较高的耐腐蚀性能。海水拌和水泥浆体的电阻率与对照组浆体有一定差异,但整体相差较小。结论 304和316L不锈钢尽管在早期可以发生正常钝化现象,电化学结果体现出较高的耐蚀性能,但其在服役期的氯离子临界浓度值及脱钝机理需要进一步研究。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。