聚丙烯-钢纤维增强高强混凝土高温性能

通过对聚丙烯-钢纤维增强高强混凝土(混杂纤维/高强混凝土)试块的高温试验, 研究不同目标温度后混凝土表观特征、高温爆裂、质量损失及力学性能。结果表明: 高强混凝土在600 ℃时发生爆裂, 混杂纤维/高强混凝土直至800 ℃未出现爆裂, 混杂纤维有效抑制了高强混凝土的高温爆裂。混杂纤维/高强混凝土的质量损失随所受温度的升高而增大, 其抗压强度、抗折强度随温度的升高而降低, 并且400 ℃以后显著降低。相同温度下, 混杂纤维的加入提高了高强混凝土高温后强度。通过对试验结果的统计分析, 分别建立了混杂纤维混凝土质量损失、抗压强度和抗折强度随温度变化的关系式。     

再生钢纤维增韧超高性能混凝土的力学性能

采用来自于废旧轮胎的两种再生钢纤维制备含粗骨料的超高性能混凝土,并测定其抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、断裂能和静弹性模量等力学性能,空白组及普通钢纤维增韧超高性能混凝土作对比性能试验。结果显示,未附着橡胶颗粒的再生钢纤维使超高性能混凝土的抗压强度略微下降,降低幅度为3.91%,其余各类型钢纤维均有利于提高超高性能混凝土的力学性能;而附着橡胶颗粒的再生钢纤维显著提高了超高性能混凝土的断裂能,约为普通钢纤维增韧超高性能混凝土的4倍。此外,再生钢纤维对超高性能混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度和静弹性模量的提高效果均优于普通钢纤维。再生钢纤维,尤其是附着橡胶颗粒的再生钢纤维,可以作为一种增韧材料替代普通钢纤维应用到超高性能混凝土工程结构中。      

超高性能混凝土的火灾高温性能研究综述

超高性能混凝土(Ultra-high-performance concrete,UHPC),以其突出的优点如超高强度与超高耐久性等,符合可持续发展战略,是混凝土科技发展的主要方向之一。近年来,UHPC的火灾高温性能吸引了广泛关注。由文献综述可知,高温会引发UHPC的爆裂和力学强度变化。爆裂主要由蒸汽压机理控制,蒸汽来源于内部游离水,高的内部湿含量往往导致剧烈的高温爆裂,有效的抑制措施是掺加聚合物纤维如聚丙烯(Polypropylene,PP)纤维。关于钢纤维对UHPC抗高温爆裂性的影响,还存在争议。高温作用后UHPC的残余强度在常温至300℃或400℃范围内有所增长,而在更高的温度下则为单调下降。残余强度增长是高温促进混凝土内部的一系列化学变化所引起。最新研究发现,组合养护是有效改善UHPC火灾高温性能的新方法,可避免爆裂发生。     

聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土柱大偏心受压承载力计算

对270个聚丙烯纤维掺量(体积分数)分别为0vol%、0.1vol%、0.2vol%、0.3vol%、0.4vol%、0.5vol%、钢纤维掺量(体积分数)分别为0vol%、0.5vol%、1vol%、1.5vol%、2vol%的聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土试块进行立方体抗压试验、轴心抗压试验和劈裂抗拉试验,基于复合材料力学理论,考虑纤维的取向系数、长度有效系数和界面黏结系数,对其建立强度预测模型并进行机制分析,同时选取掺量分别为0vol%、0.1vol%、0.3vol%的聚丙烯纤维、掺量分别为0vol%、1.5vol%的钢纤维制作6根聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土柱,对其进行大偏心受压试验,在强度预测模型的基础上进行承载力计算,提出聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土承载力计算方法。结果表明:钢纤维对聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度均有提高;聚丙烯纤维可提高聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度,但不能提高聚丙烯-钢纤维/混凝土的抗压强度;聚丙烯-钢混杂纤维加入混凝土柱可有效提高其极限承载力。      

钢纤维和碳纤维的混合效应对高性能混凝土力学性能的影响

通过在混凝土基体中加入一种纤维和混合纤维,制备了高性能混凝土试件和混合纤维高性能混凝土试件。通过劈裂抗拉强度试验和落锤冲击试验,研究了单掺钢纤维、单掺碳纤维和混合纤维对高性能混凝土试件劈裂抗拉强度和抗冲击性能的影响,分析了混合效应对试件力学性能的增强作用。劈裂抗拉强度试验结果表明,只掺入碳纤维,且碳纤维掺入量为1%时,试样劈裂抗拉强度的提升系数最多增加了50%;只掺入钢纤维时,钢纤维的掺入量越多,试样劈裂抗拉强度的提升系数越小,而且减小了基体高性能混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度;当钢纤维掺量为4.0%、碳纤维掺量为0.5%时,试样的混合效应系数最大为1.35,此时产生正混合效应,提升了高性能混凝土试样的劈裂抗拉强度。抗冲击性能试验结果表明,单掺碳纤维减弱了高性能混凝土试件的抗压强度,单掺钢纤维虽然可以加强试件的抗压强度但试件的延性比提升率不高,而混合纤维比单一纤维有优势,更能够增强高性能混凝土试件的抗冲击性能。因此,钢纤维与碳纤维的混合效应提升了试件的劈裂抗拉强度与抗冲击性能,明显提升了高性能混凝土的力学性能。     

钢纤维类型对超高性能混凝土高温爆裂性能的影响

为了探寻可以有效改善超高性能混凝土（Ultra-high-performance concrete,UHPC）抗火性能的钢纤维类型,本文试验测定了不同类型钢纤维（3种普通钢纤维和2种来自于废旧轮胎的再生钢纤维）增韧UHPC及空白组混凝土的从常温至800℃高温爆裂行为和断裂能。结果显示,未掺入任何钢纤维的空白组UHPC试件全都发生了严重高温爆裂,钢纤维可以显著减轻其高温爆裂但却不能避免爆裂的发生,而掺入端钩型普通工业钢纤维（长度为35 mm,直径为0.55 mm）的UHPC呈现出最优的抗高温爆裂性能,其次是掺入未附着橡胶颗粒（RSF）的再生钢纤维（RSFR）增韧UHPC。可见,钢纤维自身性能特征显著影响了钢纤维增韧UHPC的高温爆裂,相同掺量情况下混凝土单位体积内分布密度较大的钢纤维或者分布密度较小但可以显著增加混凝土断裂韧性（断裂能）的钢纤维比较适合应用于具有较高抗火要求的UHPC结构中。     

太阳能光谱选择性吸收涂层研究进展

采用高速研磨搅拌加水掺法,制备出含不同质量分数的纳米SiO2混杂纤维（NSPF）混凝土,通过力学试验测得立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、变形性能及冲击韧性。通过与钢纤维／聚丙烯二元混杂纤维（SPF）混凝土进行比较,NSPF混凝土的立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、疲劳次数、弹性模量、初裂抗冲击次数和破坏抗冲击次数分别提高10...     

硅灰增强混杂纤维水泥基灌浆料与老混凝土粘结强度研究

通过四因素四水平正交试验进行硅灰增强混杂纤维水泥基灌浆料与老混凝土粘结强度的研究,选取硅灰掺量、钢纤维类型、钢纤维掺量和PVA纤维掺量作为研究因素,设定相应的水平。对粘结试块进行双面剪切试验和劈裂抗拉试验,运用极差分析上述因素和相应水平对粘结强度的影响。结果表明,当硅灰掺量为9%、长度35 mm端钩型钢纤维掺量为1.2%、PVA纤维掺量为0.5%时,粘结强度显著。基于正交试验结果,通过四组对比试验,研究了纤维对水泥基灌浆料与老混凝土粘结的界面剪切特性和劈拉破坏形态的影响。结果表明,当长度35 mm端钩型钢纤维与PVA纤维掺量分别为1.2%和0.5%混杂时,粘结试块的剪切变形性能和劈裂抗拉强度显著提高,表现出较强的粘结性能。     

钢纤维及陶粒掺量对轻质混凝土基本力学性能的影响

制备了3种强度等级共13组配合比的钢纤维增强轻质混凝土（Steel Fibre Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete,SFRLAC）,测量了立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和轴心抗压强度,得到了SFRLAC轴心受压应力-应变曲线。试验结果表明,钢纤维能小幅度提高轻质混凝土（Lightweight Concrete,LC）的抗压强度,随陶粒比率（Haydite Ratio,V_h）的增大,抗压强度降低,且强度等级越低,降幅越大。钢纤维能显著提高LC的劈裂抗拉强度,钢纤维对低强度等级LC劈裂抗拉强度的贡献优于对高强度等级LC的贡献。低强度等级SFRLAC （LC30和LC40）的劈裂抗拉强度受V_h的影响较大,而高强度等级SFRLAC （LC50）与之相反。当V_h达到80%时,V_h不再是影响SFRLAC劈裂抗拉强度的主要因素,而钢纤维的增强效应显著。试块的破坏形态表明钢纤维能改善LC的塑性。V_h对抗拉强度的降低效应远大于对抗压强度的降低效应。建立了SFRLAC轴心抗压强度与立方体抗压强度的关系式。SFRLAC应力-应变曲线综合体现了钢纤维的增强效应和陶粒的削减作用,陶粒降低LC的峰值应力和韧性,钢纤维主要提高LC的韧性。     

纳米SiO_2混杂纤维混凝土力学特性试验研究

采用高速研磨搅拌加水掺法,制备出含不同质量分数的纳米SiO2混杂纤维(NSPF)混凝土,通过力学试验测得立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、变形性能及冲击韧性。通过与钢纤维/聚丙烯二元混杂纤维(SPF)混凝土进行比较,NSPF混凝土的立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、疲劳次数、弹性模量、初裂抗冲击次数和破坏抗冲击次数分别提高10.4%、24.1%、90.0%、3.3%、49.8%和46.1%,泊松比无明显变化。综合分析表明,纳米SiO2在SPF混凝土中的合理掺量处于1.0%~2.0%之间。     

活性粉末混凝土高温后冲击压缩特性研究

利用分离式霍普金森压杆系统,分别对常温下、400℃、600℃及800℃高温过火后的RPC试样进行单轴冲击压缩实验.研究混杂纤维对高温过火后RPC材料抗冲击性能的影响规律.结果表明:常温下混杂纤维对RPC材料动态抗压强度和韧性均产生负混杂效应,但韧性指标降低幅度没有动态抗压强度明显.高温过火后,混杂纤维RPC 材料出现了塑性强化现象,动态抗压强度和韧性增加明显,抗冲击性能及材料完整性均优于单掺钢纤维RPC材料,出现正混杂效应.在研究范围内纤维最优体积掺量为:钢纤维2.0%、PVA 纤维0.1%.     

An experimental study on the residual mechanical properties of fiber reinforced concrete with high temperature and load

The effects of high temperature and fiber content on the residual mechanical properties of concrete have experimentally investigated. In this paper, residual mechanical properties of high-strength and normal strength concretes made with different water to cement (w/c; 0.55, 0.42 and 0.32) ratios exposed to high temperature were compared with those obtained in fiber reinforced concretes with similar characteristics ranging from 0.05 to 0.20 % polypropylene (PP) fibers by volume of concrete. Also, variables including pre-load level of 20 and 40 % of the maximum load at room temperature were considered. Concrete specimens prepared with the variables were tested for outbreak time, thermal strain, length change, weight loss, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and energy absorption capacity. It is seen that the cross-sectional area of PP fiber can influence the residual mechanical properties and the spalling tendency of concrete of fiber reinforced concrete exposed to high temperature from the results. Especially, the external loading influenced to increase not only the residual mechanical properties of concrete but also the risk of spalling and the brittle failure tendency.     

纳米SiO2对钢纤维/混凝土高温后力学性能及微观结构的影响

研究了掺纳米SiO₂的钢纤维混凝土(NSFC)、 钢纤维混凝土(SFRC)和普通混凝土(NC)三种材料在不同加热温度后的抗压、 劈裂和抗折强度等力学性能, 对不同温度热处理后的微观结构进行了SEM分析, 对钢纤维与过渡区界面的相结构进行了XRD分析。结果表明: 在测试温度范围内, NSFC的抗压、 劈裂和抗折强度均高于SFRC和NC的强度, 且在400 ℃时达到最大值。在常温下, NSFC的抗压、 劈裂和抗折强度较NC分别提高27.01%、 63.28%和54.12%, 400 ℃高温热处理后比NC分别高35.09%、 84.62%和87.23%; SEM分析表明, 在钢纤维与过渡区的界面处, 致密度提高, 显微硬度提高。由于固相反应, 使界面区结构发生变化, 在钢纤维表层形成扩散渗透层(白亮层), 即化合物层, 呈锯齿状, XRD分析证明, 白亮层主要由FeSi₂和复杂的水化硅酸钙组成, 从而增强了钢纤维与基体的粘结力, 提高了混凝土的高温力学性能。     

Residue strength,water absorption and pore size distributions of recycled aggregate concrete after exposure to elevated temperatures

In this paper, the effects of high temperature exposure of recycled aggregate concretes in terms of residual strengths, capillary water absorption capacity and pore size distribution are discussed. Two mineral admixtures, fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace (GGBS) were used in the experiment to partially replace ordinary Portland cement for concrete production. The water to cementitious materials ratio was maintained at 0.50 for all the concrete mixes. The replacement levels of natural aggregates by recycled aggregates were at 0%, 50% and 100%. The concretes were exposed separately to 300 °C, 500 °C and 800 °C, and the compressive and splitting tensile strength, capillary water coefficient, porosity and pore size distribution were determined before and after the exposure to the high temperatures. The results show that the concretes made with recycled aggregates suffered less deteriorations in mechanical and durability properties than the concrete made with natural aggregates after the high temperature exposures.     

Mechanical properties of high strength concrete reinforced with metallic and non-metallic fibres

This paper focuses on the experimental investigation carried out on high strength concrete reinforced with hybrid fibres (combination of hooked steel and a non-metallic fibre) up to a volume fraction of 0.5%. The mechanical properties, namely, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and flexural toughness were studied for concrete prepared using different hybrid fibre combinations – steel–polypropylene, steel–polyester and steel–glass. The flexural properties were studied using four point bending tests on beam specimens as per Japanese Concrete Institute (JCI) recommendations. Fibre addition was seen to enhance the pre-peak as well as post-peak region of the load–deflection curve, causing an increase in flexural strength and toughness, respectively. Addition of steel fibres generally contributed towards the energy absorbing mechanism (bridging action) whereas, the non-metallic fibres resulted in delaying the formation of micro-cracks. Compared to other hybrid fibre reinforced concretes, the flexural toughness of steel–polypropylene hybrid fibre concretes was comparable to steel fibre concrete. Increased fibre availability in the hybrid fibre systems (due to the lower densities of non-metallic fibres), in addition to the ability of non-metallic fibres to bridge smaller micro cracks, are suggested as the reasons for the enhancement in mechanical properties.     

Specimen size effect on the residual properties of engineered cementitious composites subjected to high temperatures

In this study, size effect on the residual properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) was investigated on the specimens exposed to high temperatures up to 800 °C. Cylindrical specimens having different sizes were produced with a standard ECC mixture. Changes in pore structure, residual compressive strength and stress–strain curves due to high temperatures were determined after air cooling. Experimental results indicate that despite the increase of specimen size, no explosive spalling occurred in any of the specimens during the high temperature exposure. Increasing the specimen size and exposure temperature decreased the compressive strength and stiffness. Percent reduction in compressive strength and stiffness due to high temperature was similar for all specimen sizes.