TC4钛合金深孔(钻削)套料加工系统及其刀具研究

针对大孔径深孔加工的难加工性和TC4材料的难切削性,优化确定加工系统类型和钻头的不同几何参数。根据选择的几何参数,对套料钻头进行三维建模,并用ANSYS有限元软件分析钻头的受力集中部位和钻杆的模态频率。结合有限元分析的结果进行深孔套料试验,试验结果表明:加工孔内壁精度高,排屑良好。为TC4钛合金的大直径深孔套料提供了切实有效的刀具几何参数和加工系统。     

磨损齿PDC钻头的切削性能试验

为探究磨损齿PDC钻头的切削性能,避免其过早失效,通过单齿切削试验以及全尺寸磨损齿钻头钻进试验,分析磨损齿的受力状态以及钻头的钻进特性。结果表明：相比于新齿,磨损齿受载更大,且其“磨圆”后切岩过程中的钝搓现象普遍存在;在相同吃深条件下,齿的磨损高度越大,载荷波动越明显。相比于新钻头,磨损齿钻头更能产生光滑的井底,不利于其侵入地层。随齿的磨损高度增加,钻头的机械钻速下降,机械比能增加,振动程度减小,且钻头的径向加速值与齿的磨损高度无关。当齿的磨损高度大于3.0 mm时,钻头的机械比能和机械钻速对钻压不敏感。     

基于火山岩地层钻井岩心资料的PDC钻头设计改进

PDC钻头在钻进火山岩地层过程中,技术性能常得不到充分发挥,针对火山岩地层岩心资料,从复合片、切削齿受力、齿型、切削齿的角度等方面设计和改进了PDC钻头。研究分析了剖面形状、布齿、切削齿工作角等设计对PDC钻头性能的影响。提出了以加强钻头的稳定性、耐磨性和提高钻速为目标的设计观点。研制的新型钻头采用抛物线形剖面,中密度布齿,切削齿后倾角在10°-15°范围内变化。结果表明：与牙轮钻头相比,PDC钻头钻速提高了约20％,每米钻井成本降低了27％。     

深孔钻削中受力分析与切削参数定量分析

深孔钻削中常出现走偏、折断钻头等现象,严重影响深孔质量.文章深入分析了深孔加工中的各种力学关系,研究了切削力系、附加力系、挤压力与挤压力矩、摩擦力与摩擦力矩等与走偏、折断钻头之间的关系,找出了一些带规律性的问题,趋利避害.经大量试验,获得到了钻具受力与孔径、力矩与孔径及不同材质情况下的切削功率与进给量等切削参数之间的相关数据.通过采取导向装置、预钻引导孔等技术措施进行深孔钻削.应用结果表明,深孔钻削的受力情况得到了明显改善,深孔精度与加工效率显著提高.     

PDC钻头磨损过程中的应力分析

为了更加准确地计算PDC钻头在钻进过程中所受的力,需要模拟钻头使用一段时间后的磨损情况.运用空间几何和数值计算理论,对PDC钻头的结构和受力重新进行分析.描述了PDC钻头在不同磨损情况下应力改变情况,推导出了PDC钻头磨损时受力方程.综合考虑了钻头冠部形状、切削齿的布置、切削齿的工作角、切削齿的形状及尺寸、切削齿的相互作用的影响,提出了磨损过程中切削齿的切削面积、切削体积、切削弧弧长等切削参数与磨损程度的关系的数值计算方法,为精确估算PDC钻头的工作时间提供了一种更为科学的手段.     

钻进硬而致密岩石的直角梯形齿金刚石钻头研究

针对深部钻探钻遇岩石种类多、岩性复杂、硬而致密岩石钻进时效低与钻头寿命短等问题开展研究，提出普适性能钻头的结构设计。在此基础上设计和研制直角梯形齿钻头，并对钻头进行受力分析。理论与实践均表明设计合理，在可钻性7～9级的岩石中钻进时，相比普通钻头而言，该钻头的使用寿命相当、钻进效率提高21%～24%、成本降低约15%。因此，直角梯形齿钻头比普通钻头具有相对明显的优势。      

深孔内壁盲孔加工装置设计及试验研究

深孔内壁盲孔是深孔加工中的工艺难点。针对深孔内壁盲孔的结构特点,在分析以往加工方法的基础上,设计一种新型的深孔内壁盲孔加工装置。介绍该装置的设计理念以及工作原理,建立装置的设计模型、钻头部分的力学模型。并用装置进行几种典型材料的工艺试验,证明该装置的加工可行性;分析加工所存在的问题以及影响加工精度的因素;针对试验结果提出装置的不足之处以及改进措施,为以后的改进提供重要数据。     

内排屑深孔钻头热分析与深孔钻头温度的在线检测控制系统设计

根据深孔钻削系统存在的热变形问题,利用ANSYS软件对干式内排屑深孔钻头进行热工分析。根据热分析结论,设计了一套自动降低钻头温度的装置。该装置应用PT100温度模块完成数据的实时采集,并根据温度信号的大小,通过PLC自动调整深孔钻头的运行状态,实现深孔钻削系统的自动温度调节控制、手动/自动模式切换等功能。该装置具有良好的可扩展性、灵活性和可靠稳定性。     

加工深孔用细长钻杆的研究

本文通过采用接长钻头两端对打孔的工艺方法,解决了细长深孔加工的难题,并在实际生产中进行了成功应用。文中进一步详细分析了细长接长钻头的加工工艺步骤以及采用该钻头加工深孔应注意的问题。     

深孔加工技术研究进展

深孔加工技术是机械加工中一项重要的技术,在石油化工、航空航天、造船工业、核电管板、电力设备等大部分制造部门有着广泛的应用。同时深孔加工具有排屑难、导热差、冷却润滑难等问题。本文从现代制造业对于深孔加工的需求出发,阐述了深孔加工系统发展与特点,重点对BTA系统、吸喷钻系统及DF系统进行分析;分析了不锈钢、钛合金、镍基合金等不同材料的深孔加工特点,及所用刀具材料的选择;对深孔加工状态监测的国内外研究现状进行概述。在此基础上,本文指出钻头结构的优化设计及高性能钻头材料的研发是深孔加工技术发展的主要方向。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.