PVA/PEI超细纤维负载纳米钯杂化材料的制备

通过静电纺丝技术制得了聚乙烯醇(PVA)/聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)超细纤维膜,使用戊二醛蒸汽交联使其具有水稳定性,进而将交联后的PEI/PVA超细纤维膜浸入PdCl2溶液中至吸附平衡,以硼氢化钠(NaBH4)为还原剂,于超细纤维膜表面原位合成Pd纳米粒子.用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)、紫外可见分光光度计(UV)等技术表征了PVA/PEI超细纤维,交联后的PEI/PVA超细纤维膜及负载有Pd纳米粒子的PEI/PVA超细纤维膜.研究表明:交联后的PVA/PEI超细纤维膜具有良好的水相稳定性,Pd纳米粒子在PVA/PEI超细纤维膜表面均匀分布,负载有Pd纳米粒子的PEI/PVA超细纤维膜对Cr(Ⅵ)的还原反应具有良好的催化性能.     

聚乙烯醇/海藻酸钠/黄连素医用敷料制备及其性能

为提高聚乙烯醇(PVA)/海藻酸钠(SA)医用敷料的抗菌性和耐水性能,采用黄连素(BR)为天然抗菌剂负载在医用敷料上,通过静电纺丝法制备PVA/SA/BR纳米纤维膜,并在氯化钙无水乙醇溶液中进行交联处理,对PVA/SA/BR纳米纤维膜的化学结构、抗菌性能、吸液性能以及力学性能进行表征与分析。结果表明:BR负载在PVA/SA纳米纤维上形成明显串珠,且与PVA/SA结合良好,氯化钙交联处理后PVA/SA/BR纳米纤维膜由网状变为平滑膜状;当BR质量分数为6%时,PVA/SA/BR纳米纤维膜断裂强度为1.76 MPa,其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别为99.41%、97.89%;当氯化钙质量分数为4%,交联时间为4 h时,PVA/SA/BR纳米纤维膜的断裂强度为4.17 MPa,吸液倍率为1 257%。     

硼砂协同纳米SiO2、TiO2交联改性PVA基膜材料及其透湿和抑菌性分析

为提高聚乙烯醇（polyvinyl alcohol,PVA）基涂膜保鲜材料的阻湿性能,以水蒸气透过系数（water vapor permeability,WVP）为响应值,采用响应面法研究硼砂协同纳米SiO2、TiO2交联改性PVA基膜材料对WVP的影响。结果表明：硼砂协同纳米SiO2、纳米TiO2交联改性PVA能显著降低PVA基膜材料的WVP（P＜0.05）,硼砂与纳米SiO2及TiO2添加量对WVP有显著的交互作用（P＜0.05）;以膜材料WVP最低为响应值,优化成膜工艺条件为纳米SiO2添加量0.033 g/100 mL、纳米TiO2添加量0.042 g/100 mL、硼砂添加量0.032 g/100 mL,此条件下WVP为（9.729±0.074）mg/（m·d·kPa）,比PVA单膜降低了44.68%。优化的PVA基复合膜抑菌性提高,可以使大肠杆菌菌落总数降低1 个数量级。     

静电纺丝制备PEI/PVA超细纤维负载纳米铑杂化材料的研究

利用NaBH4作为还原剂,表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)为稳定剂,还原RhCl3水溶液制备铑纳米颗粒,并用透射电镜(TEM)研究了铑纳米颗粒的形貌.通过静电纺丝技术制备了PEI/PVA纳米纤维,并用戊二醛作为交联剂使之交联以提高其耐水性.然后在交联过的PEI/PVA纤维膜上负载铑纳米颗粒;利用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对PEI/PVA以及Rh/PEI/PVA薄膜进行了表征.结果表明:利用静电纺丝技术和复合技术可以制备PEI/PVA超细纤维负载纳米铑的杂化材料.     

壳聚糖/香兰素/聚乙烯醇共纺纳米纤维膜的性质及其在大菱鲆保鲜中的应用

本研究以壳聚糖（chitosan,CS）、香兰素（vanillin,V）和聚乙烯醇（polyethylene alcohol,PVA）为原料,采用单轴静电纺丝工艺制备CS/V/PVA共纺纳米纤维膜,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、差示扫描量热分析和热重分析对CS/V/PVA共纺纳米纤维膜的形貌和结构进行表征,并以大菱鲆优势腐败菌——腐败希瓦氏菌（Shewanella putrefaciens）为靶标菌,对其抑菌活性进行测定,并考察CS/V/PVA共纺纳米纤维膜应用于大菱鲆的保鲜效果。结果表明：CS/V/PVA共纺纳米纤维膜的微观结构良好,纤维直径均匀分布在200～350 nm之间;纤维膜各组分之间存在相互作用,香兰素分子中的醛基能与CS分子中的氨基反应形成席夫碱键,且CS、香兰素、PVA分子间有氢键形成,降低了膜的初始熔融温度。此外,CS/V/PVA共纺纳米纤维膜对腐败希瓦氏菌具有较强的抑制作用,4 ℃大菱鲆保鲜实验结果表明CS/V/PVA共纺纳米纤维膜能有效延长大菱鲆鱼片的货架期。     

柠檬醛/纳米SiO_2交联改性PVA复合材料阻水性能和结构研究

本研究采用柠檬醛和纳米SiO_2交联改性聚乙烯醇(Polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)膜材料,以提高PVA膜材料的阻水性,并对改性膜材料的结构进行表征。结果表明,柠檬醛和纳米SiO_2能显著(P0.05)降低PVA膜材料的成膜溶胀率及水蒸气透过率,当柠檬醛和纳米SiO_2的添加量分别为3.93 mL/100 mL、0.62 g/100 mL时,PVA膜材料水蒸气透过率最低,为(768.73±20.51) g/(m~2·d)。采用水接触角、扫描电镜、红外光谱和X射线衍射等对膜的结构进行表征,结果表明,在上述添加条件下,柠檬醛和纳米SiO_2通过化学交联法可以均匀的填充在PVA膜材料中,降低其水接触角并改变其结构和结晶性能,从而显著提高复合膜材料的阻水性能。     

静电纺胶原/聚环氧乙烷纳米纤维膜的制备及其性能

为改善胶原/聚环氧乙烷纳米纤维膜在液态环境下的结构稳定性,利用静电纺丝技术制备胶原/聚环氧乙烷纳米纤维膜,并用不同浓度的1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐/N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺对其进行交联改性,对其在液态环境下的溶胀性能、干湿态力学性能、溶血及凝血性能进行测试与分析。结果表明:经交联改性后,胶原/聚环氧乙烷纳米纤维膜在液态环境下浸泡7 d后仍可保持良好的纳米纤维形貌,纤维的溶胀率低于180%,力学性能得到明显改善;交联改性后的纤维膜溶血率均远低于2%,不会对红细胞造成破坏,且凝血性能得到明显改善,凝血指数由未交联的48%降低至20%以下。     

“三明治”结构聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖/海藻酸钠纳米纤维医用敷料

选用聚乙烯醇(PVA)、壳聚糖(CS)、海藻酸钠(SA)为原料,通过静电纺丝和交联处理组合工艺制备"三明治"结构PVA/CS/SA静电纺纳米纤维膜。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征PVA/CS/SA静电纺纳米纤维膜形貌结构,综合评价医用敷料溶胀率和失重率,考察其在伤口愈合领域的应用性能。其中,PVA/CS静电纺纳米纤维膜纤维平均直径为(488±201)nm,PVA/SA静电纺纳米纤维膜纤维平均直径为(534±265)nm,所制备的"三明治"结构PVA/CS/SA静电纺纳米纤维膜平均溶胀率为296.5%,平均失重率为74.3%。     

静电纺PVA/PAA/CA复合纳米纤维膜的制备及其吸湿快干性

为制备出具有亲疏水双侧结构的复合纳米纤维膜,分别以聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚丙烯酸(PAA)混合溶液和醋酸纤维素(CA)溶液作为纺丝原液进行静电纺丝成膜,然后利用轧车进行层合,制备出PVA/PAA/CA复合纳米纤维膜。采用MMT水分管理测试仪表征静电纺PVA/PAA/CA复合纳米纤维膜的水分管理性能和吸湿快干性能。结果表明,当静电纺时间排列为PVA/PAA-CA=6 h-4 h、层合压力为2 MPa时,静电纺PVA/PAA/CA复合纳米纤维膜的吸湿快干性最佳,水分管理能力可达4级。     

硼酸交联海藻酸钠/磷虾蛋白复合纤维的制备与表征

针对海藻酸钠/磷虾蛋白（SA/AKP）复合纤维在盐溶液中溶胀问题,利用硼酸与复合纤维交联反应制备了耐盐性SA/AKP 复合纤维。借助傅里叶红外光谱仪、热重分析仪、差示扫描量热仪和X 射线衍射仪研究了复合纤维的化学结构、热性能和结晶性,考察了交联度和纤维形态的关系,评价了纤维力学性能与交联温度的相关性。结果表明：硼酸与海藻酸钠的羟基反应产生了B-O 键;随着交联时间的延长、交联温度的升高,SA/AKP 复合纤维的溶胀度降低,并在交联时间为30 min、交联温度为80 ℃以后趋于平衡,此时溶胀度由未交联纤维的136.99% 降低到82.30%,纤维的耐盐性明显提升,纤维的断裂强度为2.18cN/dtex;交联纤维的断裂强度随着交联温度的升高呈先降低后升高的趋势;未交联纤维与交联纤维表面存在纵向的沟槽结构,交联纤维经过盐溶液处理,表面仍具有沟槽结构。     

铂纳米粒子/(聚乙烯醇/聚乙烯亚胺)杂化材料的制备及应用

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)的混合液为纺丝前驱体,通过静电纺丝技术制备了PVA/PEI超细纤维膜。然后依次利用戊二醛(GA)将其交联和3-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷(MPTES)功能化处理后成功地在其上负载了铂纳米颗粒(Pt NPs),得到了Pt NPs/(PVA/PEI)杂化材料。通过场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射图谱(XRD)及傅里叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR)等表征手段对制备的Pt NPs/(PVA/PEI)杂化材料进行表征。结果表明制备了Pt NPs均匀分散的Pt NPs/(PVA/PEI)杂化材料。将制备的杂化材料用于罗丹明B的催化降解,结果表明Pt NPs/(PVA/PEI)杂化材料对罗丹明B具有优异的催化降解效果。     

静电纺丝法制备铝掺杂ZnO纳米纤维的研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为络合剂与醋酸锌/醋酸铝反应制得纺丝溶液,采用静电纺丝法制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)/醋酸锌醋酸铝复合纤维,经煅烧后得到直径为100~700nm具有高的比表面积的ZnO∶A l纳米纤维.分别采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、光致发光(PL)等分析测试手段对ZnO∶A l纳米纤维的表面形貌、晶体结构、发光性能进行表征.XRD结果表明,ZnO∶A l纳米纤维为六方纤锌矿结构,PL谱表明ZnO∶A l纳米纤维具有较强的紫外发射性能.     

静电纺丝法制备木质素基纳米纤维

以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,对不同比例的乙酸木质素（AAL）与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）混合溶液,AAL与聚丙烯酸酯（polyacrylate）混合溶液,AAL与聚乙烯醇（PVA）混合溶液三种溶液体系进行静电纺丝。用扫描电子显微镜观察了纳米纤维的表面形貌。结果表明：AAL与PVA混合溶液通过电纺不能得到纳米纤维。通过电纺可以得到直径均匀、表面光滑的AAL与PVP混合纳米纤维,AAL与聚丙烯酸酯混合纳米纤维,并且AAL含量的增加对混合纳米纤维的直径和表面形貌没有明显的影响。进而对单一AAL的静电纺丝进行了研究,分别研究了THF,DMF,乙酸等不同的溶剂体系,发现只有以乙酸为溶剂才能电纺成纤。     

Effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on magnetic electrospun nanofibers

A new simple magnetic electrospinning setup was devised to manufacture partially aligned nanofiber in the paper. Compared with the traditional electrospinning setup, a U-shaped permanent magnet was employed and applied with a slide rheostat. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and PVA/Fe₃O₄ fibers were prepared by the magnetic electrospinning, respectively. The morphology and alignment of the fibers were characterized by the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the magnetic field could decrease the diameter of fibers and enhance the crystal conditions of fibers, and the addition of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles improved the alignment of nanofibers.     

水溶性聚乙烯醇纳米纤维毡的制备与表征

采用静电纺丝技术制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)纳米纤维毡,主要考察了纺丝液浓度和纺丝电压对静电纺纤维形成及其微观形貌的影响。实验结果表明:纺丝液的浓度对纤维的形成和形貌起着决定性作用,随着PVA质量分数的增加,在纺丝过程中纺丝液逐渐从液滴转变为均匀的纤维,纤维直径逐渐增加,当纺丝液的PVA质量分数为6%时,纤维形貌最佳;随着纺丝电压的提高,纤维平均直径先是有一定程度的降低,但随后降低幅度变得很小。通过实验确定了制备PVA纳米纤维毡的最佳工艺为:纺丝液的PVA质量分数6%,纺丝电压18kV,接收距离11cm,挤出速度0.5ml/h。     

用静电纺丝法制备可交联高性能聚合物纳米纤维

为解决高性能聚合物作为模板材料在烧蚀过程中会出现黏连或者成膜的问题,采用亲核缩聚法制备了含有10%烯丙基的羧基聚芳醚酮聚合物,利用静电纺丝法将该聚合物制成负载有镉离子的含羧基聚芳醚酮纳米纤维,将得到的纤维在紫外光的照射下交联固化,通过烧蚀得到氧化镉纳米纤维。通过扫描电子显微镜照片可看到：交联后的氧化镉纳米纤维形貌保持良好,而未经交联的模板煅烧后得到的纤维出现严重的熔融变形,甚至连成薄膜。纤维形态测试结果表明,经过交联后的聚合物复合纤维煅烧后得到的氧化镉纳米纤维结构保持完好,且直径比较均匀。可交联羧基聚芳醚酮在进行交联固化后能够保持良好的形貌特征,起到了很好的模板作用。     

Preparation and characterization of crosslinked electrospun pullulan nanofiber membrane as a potential for biomaterials

Pullulan nanofiber membrane (Pull-NM) was prepared by electrospinning method and its stability in the water was improved by a chemical crosslinking with mixed solution of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and ethanol absolute as crosslinking agent. The effect of crosslinked pullulan nanofiber membrane (C-l-Pull-NM) with different process conditions was studied and the excellent crosslinking reaction condition is proved to be 1:70 (EGDE: ethanol absolute) for 24 h. The analytical methods, including SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry, were used to study morphology, structure, and thermal performance of the nanofiber membrane. In addition, the swelling behavior and tensile were also discussed. The results showed that the water resistance of crosslinked nanofiber membrane had a significant improvement. Furthermore, the maximum water absorption and the strength were reached to about 520 and 192.7%, respectively.     

Evaluation of electrospun PVA/SiO2 nanofiber separator membranes for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

Electrospun PVA/SiO₂ separator membranes were presented and their electrochemical performance was evaluated for use in Li-ion batteries. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used to prepare nanofiber based membranes due to advantages such as low cost, water solubility, and biodegradability. Sol gel technique was employed to introduce SiO₂ in PVA nanofibers. It was found that PVA separator membranes had superior electrochemical properties with highly porous structure. Introducing SiO₂ further improved porosity, liquid electrolyte uptake, as well as ionic conductivity, and reduced interfacial resistance. Furthermore, when PVA/SiO₂ separator membranes were assembled into lithium/lithium iron phosphate cells, higher cycling and C-rate performance was observed compared to those using commercial microporous polyolefin membrane.     

Electrospinning and characterization of poly (vinyl alcohol)–sericin nanofibers as a potential for tissue engineering applications

Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) is a hydrophilic, biocompatible, and biodegradable polymer which has found application in biodrugs and tissue engineering. Sericin accompanying silk is a waste which is produced in scouring silk and has interesting properties which has attracted the attention of researchers. Silk sericin is also hydrophilic, biodegradable, and biocompatible. Moreover, it is cheap and anti-cancerous. Mixture of PVA and sericin in the form of 2D membrane or 3D hydrogels has been employed to heal skin damages. This research aimed at electrospinning PVA–sericin blend nanofibers in the form of a mat which has applications in tissue engineering, using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an organic solvent. This research showed that the solution of PVA–sericin in DMSO was electrospinnable; however, the addition of urea to the solution made the electrospinning easier. The electrospinning solution contained ratio of 0:100, 10:90, 15:85, 20:80, and 25:75 sericin (%w/w)–PVA (%w/w). The electrospun PVA–sericin nanofibers had an average diameter in the range of 179–285 nm. X-ray diffractometer and differential scanning calorimetry investigations showed no reaction occurring between PVA and sericin. Polyvinyl alcohol 100% was also electrospun in DMSO. Up to now, the electrospinning of PVA in non-aqueous media has not been reported in the literature.     

乳液静电纺丝美藤果油/聚乙烯醇纳米纤维膜的制备及性能

采用乳液静电纺丝法制备基于美藤果油/聚乙烯醇（polyvinyl alcohol,PVA）乳液的具有核壳结构的纳米纤维及纤维膜,为促进美藤果油在食品领域的进一步应用提供基础,并促进美藤果油作为新资源食品的高值化利用。通过电导率仪和黏度计测定乳液的电导率和黏度,利用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察纳米纤维膜形貌,并对乳液组分比例、纺丝参数进行调整优化;通过热特性和傅里叶变换红外光谱表征分析纳米纤维膜的各组分及作用;利用接触角测量仪测试纳米纤维膜表面的亲水性能;使用抗拉强度测量仪测定纳米纤维膜的机械性能。结果表明：制备美藤果油/PVA纤纳米纤维膜的乳液最佳配比为PVA质量分数14%,美藤果油、PVA、吐温-80的最佳质量比为5∶14∶1;最佳纺丝条件为电压25 kV、接收距离18 cm、供液速率1.0 mL/h。在最佳条件下纺丝,可得到平均直径为570 nm且形貌良好、分布均匀的纳米纤维。傅里叶变换红外光谱和热特性分析结果表明所制得的纳米纤维成功地封装了美藤果油,并在低于330 ℃的温度条件下表现出良好的热稳定性。接触角测量结果表明纳米纤维膜表面具有良好的亲水性能。机械性能分析结果表明美藤果油的添加可以提高纳米纤维膜的拉伸性能。