阵列式消声器仿真模型研究与性能分析

为研究新型阵列式消声器的消声性能和空气动力性能，选取3台消声器进行试验及仿真模型研究。建立了消声器压力损失数学模型和基于管道声模态的插入损失数学模型，考虑了穿孔板的影响，并通过试验验证了模型。在此基础上，分析了气流在消声器中的流动情况及气流速度、消声器结构对插入损失的影响。结果表明：消声器入口处噪声值较大时，0～10 m/s的气流速度对插入损失影响不大；随吸声体长度增加和间距减小，插入损失增大。     

某型挖掘机消声器排气噪声的测量试验研究

根据消声器排气噪声插入损失测量原理,利用声级计和信号采集器等仪器测量了某挖掘机的3种不同结构的消声器的排气噪声。通过对消声器的排气噪声频谱进行分析,结合替代管管口排气噪声频谱,得到了各消声器的插入损失曲线。通过对各消声器的插入损失进行对比分析,选择了具有良好消声性能的消声器,明显降低了该型挖掘机的排气噪声,达到了工程机械企业对该型挖掘机消声器的噪声要求。     

内插管长度对排气抗性消声器性能的影响

提高消声器的声学性能,通常会导致空气动力性能的增大,因此要对消声器的综合性能进行评价。利用COMSOL Multiphysics和FLUENT商业软件,对某汽车排气抗性消声器的综合性能进行研究,分别对其在具有4种不同内插管长度组合情况下的声场和流场进行数值模拟,获得消声器的声压分布特性、传递损失及压力损失,并分析和研究了内插管长度对消声器声学性能和空气动力学性能的影响。模拟结果表明,随着内插管长度的增加,消声器的传递损失在低频段明显提高,且消声器的压力损失有所下降,从而汽车排气抗性消声器的综合性能得到了提高。     

核电通风系统双层微穿孔板消声器研究

空调通风系统噪声是核电厂主控制室噪声的主要来源。通过主控制室噪声预测分析,提出主控制室降噪需要开发符合核电厂使用环境要求,且具有良好宽频消声性能的新型净化消声器。在双层微穿孔板吸声结构设计的基础上,研发了适用于核电通风系统的新型消声器,并对样机的声学性能和空气动力性能进行了数值分析和实验验证。结果表明,新型消声器消声量的插入损失在设计频率下均达到25dB以上,其压力损失在设计工况下满足设计要求,且低于传统阻性消声器。     

新型分流对冲排气消声器的阻力及声学性能研究

针对1种基于气体分流对冲降低排气速度的新型结构排气消声器,使用计算流体力学的方法对其空气动力学性能进行分析。首先建立了消声器的仿真模型,并利用计算流体力学CFD技术对分流对冲排气消声器设定入口流速下的流场进行了仿真,分析了分流对冲排气消声器内部气体的流动特性和压力分布特性,并对新型消声器在不同入口气体速度下的压力损失进行模拟分析以及试验验证,并以CG25型单缸柴油机为样机,对新型消声器的声学性能进行了现场测试。结果表明:分流对冲排气消声器具有很好的空气动力性能,在柴油机标定转速下(2 200rad/min),新型消声器的插入损失为8.7dB,在柴油机不同工况下,新型消声器的插入损失高于原装消声器,证明了新型消声器具有良好的消声性能。     

发动机排气消声器设计

针对某型液压挖掘机发动机排气噪声过大问题,对发动机排气噪声频谱及消声器插入损失进行了测试,根据测试结果改进排气消声器结构,并进行计算机仿真分析和试验,得到一款结构简单,消声效果良好,压力损失小的消声器.研究表明,对主机厂所匹配的发动机进行一对一的消声器设计,才能取得良好的消声效果;适应以液压挖掘机为代表的工程机械发动机...     

新型内燃叉车阻抗复合式消声器的设计与评价

根据扩张式抗性消声器的消声原理,按照内燃柴油动力叉车用消声器的行业通用设计要求,研究采用阻性材料提高消声器性能的途径,研制开发新型阻抗复合式消声器,并采用插入损失、传声损失等试验方法对该新型消声器进行了评价.评价结果表明,某3t内燃叉车排气系统应用该新型消声器以后,有效地降低低频、中频和高频等不同频率的整车噪声.     

某装载机的排气消声器改进分析

针对某装载机驾驶室内司机耳旁噪声偏高的问题,对装载机各噪声源进行识别分析,测试发现该产品排气噪声为主要噪声源,同时消声器压力损失较高。从消声性能和空气动力性能两个角度出发,提出消声器的优化改进方案,并装机进行试验验证,证明改进效果明显。     

工程车辆消声器性能分析及优化

介绍发动机排气噪声的特点,论述消声器性能评价指标及相互关系,对现有某型号工程车辆用消声器进行性能仿真分析,指出其存在的缺陷,进而对原消声器进行优化,并通过台架及实车试验,对比分析了优化前后消声器在压力损失、插入损失及传递损失三方面的性能改善,验证仿真分析的正确性和可行性。结果表明,优化后的消声器的空气动力学性能及声学特性均有较大改善,取得了很好的消声效果。     

新型净化消声器的声学及流场特性数值仿真分析

汽车发动机进排气噪声是汽车主要噪声源之一,汽车尾气的排放会导致PM2.5浓度的升高,造成环境污染问题.在进排气系统上使用净化消声器可以有效地降低汽车进排气噪声和尾气浓度.传统的净化消声器设计都是将催化转化载体与消声器作为2个独立的部分进行设计,加大了生产成本,增加了安装空间.由于催化转化载体的蜂窝结构可以视为多孔介质,具有一定的消声作用,因此,设计出一种改进之后的新型净化消声器,通过将载体放入消声器内部,形成一个统一的结构,在假定消声器的净化作用的情况下,运用声学及流场的数值仿真分析消声器的传递损失和压力损失,结果证明新型净化消声器既节省了空间,又达到了消除噪声的目的.     

进气消声器在某型3t内燃叉车上的应用

内燃叉车进气系统所产生的噪声对于驾驶员的生理和心理都有不良的影响,因此需要在进气系统中增加进气消声器,对进气噪声进行有效的阻止和减弱.研究内燃叉车进气消声器的工作原理和结构特点,确定进气消声器的设计原则,重点讨论内燃叉车用进气消声器的设计方法,并对某型3t内燃叉车进气消声器进行试验验证.试验结果表明,应用该设计方法进行进气消声器的设计是可行的,能够有效减少进气噪声的传播,从而降低整车的噪声水平.     

Transmission loss of a flexible micro-perforated muffler with a flexible back cavity for water-filled pipelines

To reduce low-frequency noise of the water-filled pipeline system,a compact flexible micro-perforated muffler with a flexible back cavity(FMPMFBC) is proposed.The flexible pipe wall is made of a rubber-cord composite material.A numerical solution for the transmission loss is derived.Firstly,the flexible micro-perforated panel(FMPP) is equivalent to a flexible porous material based on Biot-Allard porous-elastic theory.Then,a periodic structural unit of the aramid fabric cloth is established with the two-scale method,and the equivalent stiffness matrix is obtained.Besides,a multi-layer composite model for the flexible pipe wall is constructed according to the lamination theory.Coupling with the internal sound field,the transmission loss of the FMPMFBC is calculated.On a water-filled impedance tube,the transmission loss curves of the FMPMFBC prototypes are measured with the two source-location method,and compared with those of a flexible micro-perforated muffler with a rigid back cavity(FMPMRBC)and an expansion muffler.Theoretical results are experimentally verified.The FMPMFBC is a hybrid muffler combining reflection with dissipation,capable of attenuating broadband lowfrequency noise.The transmission loss of prototype B2 in the frequency bands of [40 300] Hz and [40 1200] Hz is 36 dB and 30 dB,respectively,while the transmission loss of the same-sized expansion muffler in the corresponding frequency bands is 7 dB and 11 dB,respectively.     

An experimental study of the effect of local contact loss on the earth pressure distribution on existing tunnel linings

This study presents the results of the experimental investigation that has been conducted to examine the effect of local contact loss between a tunnel lining and the surrounding ground on the earth pressure distribution acting on the tunnel liner. An experimental setup has been designed using a mechanically adjustable tunnel model to simulate the initial lining pressure that results from shield tunnelling. A local separation between the lining and the surrounding soil was introduced at different locations around the tunnel and the changes in contact pressure were measured. Results indicated significant changes in earth pressure in the close vicinity of the area that has experienced the contact loss. The changes in earth pressure differed greatly depending on the location of the induced separation. When located at the invert and haunches results showed an increase in pressure by about 28%, whereas a pressure decrease of about 75% was measured immediately above the separated section when located at the springline. The above results suggest that the presence of a small lining area that is not in direct contact with the surrounding ground can have a significant impact on the performance of the tunnel lining.     

石材矿山开采气动凿岩机噪声污染研究

针对当前石材矿山开采气动凿岩机噪声污染严重问题,分析了气动凿岩机工作原理以及噪声机理。介绍了气动凿岩机噪声污染的特点和性质。提出了控制噪声的基本原理和方法,并对现有的消声器进行了改进,实际应用显示了良好的效果。     

Untersuchung zur Lärmbelastung von Patienten und Pflegepersonal auf Intensivstationen

Investigations on noise nuisance of patients and nursing staff. The aim of this study was to assess the exposure to noise in intensive care units. Therefore, sound pressure level measurements have been carried out in both the sickroom and the ward corridor. A high noise exposure in the sickroom was found. In addition the measurement results proves that sleep disturbing noise is occurring at all hours. This high noise density has a dramatic impact on the patients' convalescence and recovery process. One for healthy patients “certain wake‐up threshold” was defined, which is exceeded 5 times per hour also in the night. There is no regulation by the German law regarding the patients' exposure to noise in hospitals. While in the ward corridor the intellectual work of the nursing staff according to VDI 2058 is disturbed significantly in every shift investigated, the permissible guideline limit for mechanical works in this specific working environment is almost achieved. But the guidelines of the current labour law are always complied with, because there is only one limit for protection against noise induced hearing loss. The magnitude of noise and stress caused thereby, for both the patients and the nursing staff, show the urgent need of specific regulations by German law.     

预拌混凝土泵送性能研究

预拌混凝土泵送性能是一个综合性能,目前尚无确切表示方法,本文通过对不同泵送剂配制的泵送混凝土的坍落度及坍落度损失,压力泌水率等项指标的试验结果分析,提出了综合评定预拌混凝土泵送性能的可能性。     

噪声的控制

叙述了控制噪声的基本途径．简述了噪声控制的基本方法和原理以及吸声材料用于消声器的基本要求，以达到最大化控制噪声的目的。     

浅析空调系统的隔声与减振

介绍了噪声的概念及其危害 ,分析了空调系统产生的噪声源 ,从空调系统机械设备的选型和设备布置等方面 ,提出了空调系统消声设计的具体措施     

An Active Control System for Matric Suction Measurement

Matric suction is an important stress state parameter in unsaturated soil mechanics. Many studies have been carried out in the past to determine the matric suction through direct and indirect methods. Direct measurement of matric suction has been proven possible with high-suction tensiometer; however high-suction tensiometers are still susceptible to cavitation. The axis translation technique developed by Hilf (1956) has been employed in many laboratory tests for unsaturated soils to avoid problem of cavitation in the water pressure measurement system. However in laboratory testing of unsaturated soils, air and water pressures are usually independently controlled and there is no need for a feedback control. The matric suction of soil can be measured using a modified pressure plate apparatus by actively changing the air pressure to maintain the water pressure to be close to zero thus imposing negligible water content change in the soil. A major setback of the existing practice is the need to manually adjust the air pressure of the modified pressure plate in response to the changes in the water pressure. This paper presents an active control system for the modified pressure plate apparatus for matric suction measurement. The experimental results obtained from modified pressure plate apparatus with active control system show good performance as compared to the high suction tensiometer.