基于磁路法的液压换向阀用磁流变阻尼器研究

以双线圈内绕型剪切阀式磁流变阻尼器为研究对象,根据其磁场自封闭性,采用磁路法建立磁路数学模型。通过关键结构参数进行定性分析,得到活塞台阶间隙处磁感应强度近似化的结构优化依据。利用Ansoft Maxwell有限元仿真软件进行验证,结果表明：对于双线圈甚至多级线圈的内绕型剪切阀式磁流变阻尼器,采用磁路法进行初期设计计算有效且精确。     

基于APDL的磁流变阻尼器磁路结构的优化设计

磁路结构设计的优劣决定了磁流变(MR)阻尼器的性能品质。应用ANSYS的参数化编程语言(APDL)对MR阻尼器的磁路结构进行参数化建模。通过设置磁路结构各尺寸为设计变量、以模型中最大磁感应强度值为约束条件、以阻尼通道间的最大磁感应强度值为目标函数,进行优化分析。分析结果表明:优化后的磁路结构在阻尼通道处的磁感应强度提高了0.32倍,且分布更加均匀;优化后磁路结构的体积减小了7%,使磁路结构更加紧凑。说明APDL优化分析是一种设计磁路结构的切实高效的方法。     

磁流变减振器的优化设计与实验研究

磁流变减振器的磁路结构是磁流变减振器设计的重要环节,该结构的好坏将直接影响到减振器的工作性能的优良。采取参数化仿真的方法,分析得到了磁路的关键结构参数对间隙磁路的磁感应强度的影响,针对设计目标,选取设计变量,建立磁路的仿真模型。在磁流变减振器的设计中引入有限元分析的优化设计过程,采用参数化语言编程对模型结构参数进行优化。加工磁流变减振器样机,实验验证优化效果。仿真分析及实验结果均表明:运用参数化语言编程对磁流变减振器的磁路结构进行优化设计后,间隙处的磁感应强度得到明显改善,能够满足设计目标,磁场分布更加合理,是一种有效的磁路优化方法。     

并联式磁流变阻尼器磁场分布分析

为了更好地利用长行程磁流变阻尼器阻尼通道内磁场有效面积及控制的灵活性,实现对冲击力和位移的平稳控制,对阻尼器进行了磁场有限元仿真与分析,给出了4个线圈输入电流不同时阻尼通道内有效长度上的磁感应强度分布的非参数化模型。结合冲击载荷下控制目标,为控制算法的设计奠定了基础。     

两种磁流变阻尼器的结构设计与性能分析

针对传统磁流变(MR)阻尼器阻尼通道利用率低的问题,提出了两种磁路结构的优化设计方案。运用ANSYS软件对这两种MR阻尼器的磁路结构进行二维电磁场有限元仿真,分析结果表明两种MR阻尼器磁路结构设计切实可行。采用Bingham模型对两种阻尼器输出力进行预估并得到不同工作状态下的力-速度曲线,结果表明:由于增加了阻尼通道的有效长度,两种改进的阻尼器比活塞尺寸相同的传统阻尼器的最大出力提高1倍以上。     

基于磁场及动态响应的磁流变阻尼器结构分析

根据阻尼力理论数学模型分析减振器结构设计,并基于有限元仿真建立磁路结构模型,深入剖析不同磁路结构对磁场分布特性的影响以及对动态响应的影响。结果表明：小的阻尼间隙有利于增加磁感应强度并减小响应时间,活塞有效长度的增加在减少响应时间的同时也减小磁感应强度,磁极形状对二者的影响都较小。综合考虑磁场分布及响应时间,给出活塞头合理结构参数区间,为磁流变减振器的结构设计与优化提供参考。     

多级调压型磁流变阀结构优化设计

根据磁流变液在磁场作用下的可控可逆特性,在传统磁流变阀阀芯上缠绕三组励磁线圈,与阀体一起组成4个可变阻尼间隙,形成一种外侧圆环阻尼间隙多级调压型磁流变阀。采用ANSYS有限元仿真软件对多级调压型磁流变阀进行了磁场仿真,得出了磁力线分布和磁感应强度大小。基于仿真后处理数据对磁流变阀进行了结构优化,得出了该磁流变阀的最佳结构参数,并对结构优化前后阻尼间隙处的磁感应强度以及进出口阀压差进行了对比分析。相关优化设计方法和思路对磁流变阀设计具有一定的理论指导意义。     

应用于某型飞机起落架的双通道磁流变减震器结构设计与磁路优化

针对某型飞机起落架减震要求,设计了一种双阻尼通道式磁流变减震器,双阻尼通道增大了磁流变液流经环形间隙时的黏滞阻尼力以及库仑力的调节范围,磁流变减震器的可控性更高。根据电磁场理论对磁路进行了初步设计计算,并采用ANSYS有限元分析软件对磁流变减震器结构参数进行了进一步优化。通过优化分析得到了最有利于发挥减震器性能的结构参数,减震器结构更加紧凑,磁场分布更加合理,磁场利用率比初始设计提高了1倍多。     

双线圈磁流变阀压降特性分析

利用磁流变液体的可控特性,基于传统单线圈磁流变阀结构,设计一种双线圈圆环阻尼间隙磁流变阀。采用Maxwell电磁场仿真软件对双线圈磁流变阀进行磁场仿真,得出外加电流与阻尼间隙处磁感应强度大小的关系。建立双线圈磁流变阀压降数学模型,采用MATLAB数值仿真软件对磁流变阀压降特性进行仿真分析,初步得到了磁流变阀结构参数对压降的影响规律,从而为双线圈磁流变阀多级调压提供了一定的理论参考。     

磁流变阻尼器动态响应分析

磁流变阻尼器的动态响应决定了其实时控制效果,为了增加磁流变阻尼器响应速度和减小响应时间,对其动态响应影响因素进行分析。针对某型号磁流变阻尼器,定义其响应时间的组成,建立时滞模型。建立了两级线圈同向串联、反向串联、同向并联、反向并联的电流及磁场响应模型,分析磁流变液两阶段的流变响应模型,得到反向串联与反向并联的电磁响应时间较小,且流变响应仅与间隙与动力黏度有关。并基于瞬态有限元磁场分析,从平均有效剪切屈服强度的角度来衡量阻尼器的动态响应过程,得到了不同磁路结构对阻尼器响应时间的影响及其影响原因。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.