基于层次分析法的矿区建筑物损害程度模糊评价

建筑物下采煤引起地表建筑物损害,对建筑物损害程度的科学评价是建筑物补偿的依据。基于层次分析法的矿区建筑物损害程度模糊评价,选取裂缝最大宽度、累计宽度等2个建筑物损害因子和建筑物所处位置地表的下沉值、水平变形值、曲率值和倾余变形等4个诱发因子,利用层次分析法确定其权重,分析各因子的隶属度,确定建筑物的损害等级。相比传统评价方法,模糊评价不但考虑建筑物损害静态损害状况,而且也考虑了地表变形的动态发育,评价模型更能客观真实地反映建筑物损害情况,为矿区建筑物损害提供科学评价方法。     

近水平煤层开采沉陷预计的双曲线剖面函数法

根据近水平煤层开采地表移动盆地特征,提出了一种主断面移动变形的双曲线型拟合函数,推导了倾斜、曲率的计算公式.采用FLAC3D软件对某一煤层进行了模拟开采,获得了走向和倾向主断面地表每隔20 m的监测点的下沉量.采用1stOpt1.5软件编写了计算程序,对模拟开采得到的下沉曲线用提出的双曲线型函数进行了曲线拟合,拟合结果显示,走向主断面相关系数为0.99,最大残差为8 mm,倾向主断面相关系数为0.99,最大残差为10 mm,说明拟合效果较好.将走向与倾向主断面下沉曲线公式融合,给出了沉陷盆地内任意坐标点下沉量的计算公式,用MATLAB软件绘制了下沉盆地三维曲线图.结果表明:与其他剖面函数方法比较,该拟合函数参数少且容易求取,对近水平煤层开采下沉盆地的描述更为简便.     

采动区建筑物下保护煤柱开采优化设计研究

采用岩层移动角进行留设保护煤柱的传统方法,增大了保护煤柱呆滞量,造成了煤炭资源的巨大浪费.为了探讨综放开采条件下保护煤柱留设的最优尺寸,基于潞安矿区王庄煤矿的地质采矿条件,提出了根据建筑物采动损害允许的临界变形值进行优化设计保护煤柱的新思路.按照概率积分法,预测计算开采工作面位于不同停采线位置时保护煤柱留设的合理尺寸,分析了不同开采方案下建筑物所受采动的影响面积、地表下沉程度及倾斜变形、拉伸变形等地表移动变形对建筑物采动损害的影响程度.通过11个方案的分析比较,结合经济与社会效益,给出了建筑物下保护煤柱留设的最优方案,为综放开采条件下建筑物压煤开采提供了科学依据.     

无内衬地下连续墙的变形影响及控制

以上海市延长路地铁车站为依托工程,选取典型的无内衬地下连续墙水平位移监测点、轴力监测点和地表沉降监测点,根据其在车站内部结构施工不同阶段的最大位移时程曲线、轴力变化情况及地表沉降曲线等,分析了无内衬墙结构的变形特征,即基坑开挖阶段变形最大,中板施工完毕后,变形逐渐稳定.根据周围管线和建筑物的沉降、倾斜时程曲线,分析了无内衬墙变形对周围环境的影响,即基坑开挖阶段,管线沉降速率最大,建筑物倾斜明显,结构施工阶段,管线沉降速率、建筑物倾斜逐渐减缓至稳定,这与无内衬墙结构的变形规律相吻合.     

开采沉陷数据的可视化研究

利用C#语言实现了煤矿开采地表移动与变形等值线（下沉、倾斜、曲率、水平移动、水平变形）的绘制,在此基础上进行了影响区域任意两点间的剖面线的绘制,基本实现了开采沉陷数据的可视化,可对采区上方建筑物进行了破坏等级划分,从而判别建筑物是否受到地下开采的影响以及受到开采影响的程度。     

移动盆地主断面上与非主断面上的变形值之间的大小关系的讨论

本文通过严密的理论推导和计算，证明了非主断面上某些区域内的地表变形值大于主断面上的变形值，并对建筑物下煤柱留设与压煤开采的有关问题进行了分析和讨论。①     

移动盆地主断面上与非主断面上的变形值之间的大小关系的讨论

本文通过严密的理论推导和计算，证明了非主断面上某些区域内的地表变形值大于主断面上的变形值，并对建筑物下煤柱留设与压煤开采的有关问题进行了分析和讨论。     

矿区建筑物采动损害等级评定的灰色关联模型

基于灰色理论关联模型,选取引起建筑物损坏的水平变形、曲率变形、倾斜变形等3个地表变形因子,建立建筑物灰色关联评价模型,结合各因子权重确定评价单元对于评价标准的关联度,按照关联最大原则确定建筑物的损害等级。与传统评价方法相比,该方法是利用引起建筑物损害的内在因子进行评价,而传统评价为静态建筑物情况,评价结果对比表明该评价方法更接近实际建筑物损害状况。     

充分采动区内及主断面上水平移动变形的分布规律

本文根据碎块体理论推出了作为各向异性介质的岩体内部及地表沿移动盆地主断面的水平移动变形的分布规律,对现有水平移动理论作了改进。作者用实测资料及可靠性数学证明了该理论的正确性,指出了在充分采动区内存在着水平移动u残,给出了u残的计算公式,并对峰峰矿区的u残进行了综合分析。在此基础上,说明了水平及倾斜煤层半无限及有限开采时的、沿移动盆地主断面的水平移动变形的分布规律。在本文的基础上,可望提高水平移动变形参数求定及预计的可靠性。     

沉陷区建筑物损害评价补偿模型的研究

为减少沉陷区建筑物损害引起的补偿纠纷,有必要建立公正科学的补偿体系.通过地表变形指标评价沉陷区建筑物损害程度,将沉陷区建筑物损害评价与补偿工作有机的结合,在综合考虑建筑物所处沉陷区位置和使用时间的基础上,对补偿标准进行修正,形成有区别的补偿标准,对沉陷区建筑物进行科学补偿.形成了从建筑物损害判定到损害补偿的流程体系,建立了沉陷区建筑物裂缝补偿和搬迁补偿模型.为沉陷区建筑物损害补偿工作提供了科学、系统的方法.     

Protection Measures for Buildings Based on Coordinating Action Theory of Ground, Foundation and Structure

Based on the theory of coordinating action of building ground, foundation and structure, this paper presents a modified method for calculating additional stresses on buildings in mining areas by considering the joint effect of curvature deformation and horizontal deformation on buildings. It points out that for buildings over the coal pillar, it is advisable to soften the intermediate ground of buildings when they are affected by mining. For buildings over the goaf, it is preferable to soften the ground at both ends of buildings. In order to enhance the ability of a building to resist tensile deformation, the key measure is to reinforce the bottom foundation of the building. In addition, the concept of ＂angle of break of building＂ is proposed. It is because of this angle that the protecting coal pillar is left, which is a better solution than prevailing solutions The findings provide a more scientific basis for mining under buildings.     

Influence of Underground Mining on Ground Surface and Railway Bridge Under Thick Alluvium

1 Introduction Ground surface movements, induced by under- ground mining as a kind of man-made geological ca- tastrophe, has been a major issue of geoenvironmental concern[1]. These not only destroy farm land and building structures but also influence the biological environment. Study of the pattern of mining-induced ground movements and its variation over time is very important for the protection of buildings. Up to now, some patterns of ground movement over mining areas have been known, but …     

Analytical model and application of stress distribution on mining coal floor

Given the analysis of underground pressure, a stress calculation model of coal floor stress has been established based on a theory of elasticity. The model presents the law of stress distribution on the relatively fixed position of the mining coal floor: the extent of stress variation in a fixed floor position decreases gradually along with depth, the decreasing rate of the vertical stress is clearly larger than that of the horizontal stress at a specific depth. The direction of the maximum principal stress changes gradually from a vertical direction to a horizontal direction with the advance of the working face. The deformation and permeability of the rock mass of the coal floor are obtained by contrasting the difference of the principal stress established from theoretical calculations with curves of stress-strain and permeability-strain from tests, which is an important mechanical basis for preventing water inrush from confined aquifers.     

Study of “3-Step Mining” Subsidence Control in Coal Mining Under Buildings

Mining subsidence damage is the main factor of restricting coal mining under buildings. To control or ease effectively the degree of mining subsidence and deformation is essential to resolve this problem. Through analyzing both advantages and disadvantages of some technologies such as mining with stowing, partial extraction and grouting in separated beds of overburden, we used the principle of load replacement and propose a “3-step mining” method, a new pattern of controlling mining subsidence, which consists of： strip mining, i.e. grouting to fill and consolidate the caving zone and retained strip pillar mining. The mechanism of controlling mining subsidence by using the “3-step mining” pattern is analyzed. The effect of the control is numerically simulated. The preliminary analysis shows that the “3-step mining” can effectively control ground subsidence and deformation. By using this method, the ground subsidence factor can be controlled to a value of about 0.25. Coal recovery can reach 80%-90%. Coal mining without removing surface buildins can be realized and the economic loss resultin from round subsidence can be greatly reduced.     

开采引起的建筑物附加应力变化规律研究

采用采动区建筑物地基、基础和结构协同作用力学模型，系统研究了建筑物位于采动区不同位置时附加应力（弯矩、剪力、水平应力等）的分布变化规律，分析了建筑物刚度、地基系数、开采厚度、建筑物高度等各种因素对建筑物最大附加应力的影响，获得了计算条件下最大附加应力与各影响因素之间的关系式．结果表明：当建筑物位于最大正、负曲率点附近时，建筑物附加应力最大；建筑物附加弯矩分布为近似对称的凸或凹形曲线，在建筑物中部最大；建筑物附加剪力分布为近似的反对称曲线，在距建筑物左右两端1／5处最大．研究成果为今后采动区建筑物保护设计提供了更加科学的依据．     

Calculation of the Limiting Deformation in Stopping-and-Filling by the Finite Element Method and itsInfluence Upon the Packed Volumn

The stability of buildings on the surface will be influenced by underground mining. For the purposes of safe mining and buildings protecting around mining area, the rock and soil distortion should be forecasted. By using the results of the elastic-finite-element method simulation, we can calculate the tilting, horizontal deformation and curvature of the surface and the strata. Wushan Copper Mine was taken as an example to analyze the reasons of accident and beyond standard limit, and the influence on the safety of the packed volumn .     

急倾斜煤层开采地表移动变形数值模拟

针对急倾斜煤层开采复杂的地质条件,对朝阳某煤矿分别选取了六种方案进行模拟,岩层依次变软,得出六种方案的水平和竖直方向的地表变形曲线及模型在x、y方向的等值线图.结果显示:方案一和方案二的最大值分别为0.026 85 m、0.049 39 m;方案三和方案四的最大值分别为0.066 75 m、0.089 4 m;方案五和方案六的最大值分别为0.134 1m、0.260 3 m.可以得出随着弹性模量的减小也就是随着上覆岩层的变软,地表水平和竖直方向的位移都逐渐增大,影响范围也逐渐变大;地表变形的最大值并不在采空区的正上方,而在采空区法线方向与地表的交点左右.可以为研究急倾斜煤层的开采及变形移动规律提供理论支持.     

村庄下双对拉工作面开采的地表和房屋变形

通过北宿煤矿村庄下双对拉工作面开采的地表移动观测,探讨了地表移动变形与房屋变形及其裂缝发育宽度之间的关系,获得了预测房屋裂缝宽度的典型曲线．该曲线可以对房屋裂缝的发育规律作出较为精确的定量预测,对房屋将出现的最大破坏程度有充分的估计．最后,给出了动态下沉系数和水平移动系数的修正公式．     

利用固体充填开采方法保护建筑群安全的研究

我国煤矿建筑物下压煤量占总压煤量的69%,同时每年要向地面排放4.5亿t以上的固体废弃物,因此,研究利用固体废弃物充填开采方法,在保证地表建筑物安全性的基础上,高效开采出下压煤炭资源意义重大.文章应用数值模拟方法,对建筑物下压煤开采所引起的岩层移动过程进行模拟,系统分析了采场围岩塑性区分布及地表沉陷量变化规律,由计算结果分析得知,应用固体充填开采法与无充填直接开采相比,采场围岩破坏单元数较少,围岩稳定性受影响较小,减少地表沉陷量效果明显.以数值模拟结果作为参考,研制了长臂综采矸石充填开采工艺的配套设备,并在某矿建筑物下压煤炭开采的实际应用中取得良好效果,有效控制了地表变形,保证了建筑物的安全性和资源的高效开采.